Handbook of magneto-optical data recording: materials, subsystems, techniques PDF
Preview Handbook of magneto-optical data recording: materials, subsystems, techniques
Preface lacitpO atad egarots secived gnizilitu citengam aidem dna -gam citpo-oten (MO) tuodaer emaceb yllaicremmoc elbaliava ni eht tsal flah fo eht 1980’s. sihT ygolonhcet sah won dessergorp hguorht eerht -areneg snoit fo lanoitanretni dradnats tamrof .stcudorp yadoT ti si ylmrif denoitisop as a ,tsubor ylhgih elbailer dna elbidnetxe dohtem fo elbatirwer (erasable), hgih ytisned lacitpo egarots fo ton ylno retupmoc ,atad tub osla tnemniatretne ,oidua( )oediv stamrof dna rehto .noitamrofni reh thoti swA smrof fo lacitpo ,egarots siht sah delba nneeeb yb eht tnempoleved ,ts owc oflo tcapmoc dilos etats .secive rdesal nA lanoitidda yek ot ecnegrem eeht fo gnidroceMOr saw eht yrevocsid dna tnempoleved from the ylrae 1970’s fo suohproma citengam yolla mlif slairetam htiw etauqeda ralucidneprep citengam yportosina dna citengamomreht seitreporp elbitapmoc htiw detsissa-yllamreht citengam .gnidrocer esehT slairetam dedivorp elbatpecca esion-ot-langis -siretcarahc citengamomrehtedamtah stcit gnidrocer .elbisaef MO gnidrocer ygolonhcet sreffo snoitpo rof hgih ecnamrofrep dna ytilauq denibmoc htiw aidem ,ytilibavomer a emirp etubirtta fo lacitpo .egarots sihT koobdnah sgnirb ,rehtegot ni a elgnis ,emulov trepxe -ubirtnoc snoit e hnto ynam stcepsa fMO o atad ,gnidrocer gnidulcni slairetam ni ,esu seuqinhcet rof gniveihca eht gnidrocer ,noitcnuf dna egarots ecived -bus .smetsys sA a elpitlum rohtua ,tnemtaert ti sgnirb evitcepsrep morf ynam stniopweiv dna .snoitutitsni ehT sthgisni dereviled dluohs eb elbaulav ot a ediw ecneidua morf stneduts ot srenoititcarp ni all areas fo noitamrofni .egarots vii viii Reface ehT noitazinagro fo siht koob srorrim eht sisehtnys fo a ksid evird morf sti .stnenopmoc gniwolloF a trohs ,noitcudortni a deliated noissucsid e hfto rojam ,seilbmessabus gnidulcni ,aidem si dedivorp ni .shC 2-6. ehT noitcaretni fo eseht ,stnemele morf htob latnemirepxe dna laciteroeht -weiv stniop si neht denimaxe ni .shC 7-l 1. ediw-metsyS noitargetni fo eseht stnenopmoc otni a elbarud dna elbailer egakcap eh sti sucof fo .shC 12 dna 13. ehT koob sdne htiw a noissucsid fo eht kooltuo rof MO .gnidrocer ehT srotide hsiw ot ezingocer eht enif snoitubirtnoc fo eht ynam srohtua dna rieht .secruos knah etW ruo sreyolpme ,.M.W.T( lanoitanretnI ssenisuB senihcaM ;noitaroproC .R H. ,.V namtsaE kadoK )ynapmoC rof rieht gniogno troppus fo eht noitacilbup fo siht .koob eW are osla lufetarg ot ruo seilimaf rof rieht noitarelot fo eht tnemtimmoc deriuqer fo su ot ecudorp eht .koobdnah naS ,esoJ ainrofilaC yrreT W. leinaDcM ,retsehcoR weN kroY lladnaR H. arotciV lirpA 1996 Contributors Brian J. Bartholomeusz Blair I. Finkelstein Mass yromeM hcraeseR yrotarobaL MBI egarotS smetsyS noisiviD namtsaE kadoK ynapmoC ,noscuT ZA ,retsehcoR NY Edward C. Gage Mass yromeM noisiviD Bernard W. Bell, Jr. ,TSOM .cnI namtsaE kadoK ynapmoC ,tnemunoM OC ,retsehcoR NY Charles Brucker Kurt W. Getreuer Mass yromeM noisiviD ,TSOM .cnI namtsaE kadoK ynapmoC ,tnemunoM OC ,retsehcoR NY Leo J. Grassens ,TSOM .cnI David K. Campbell ttelweH drakcaP ynapmoC ,tnemunoM OC ,yeleerG OC Scott B. Hamilton xepA ,smetsyS .cnI Marvin B. Davis ,redluoB OC MOST, Inc. Monument, CO xi x Contributors Dennis G. Howe Terry W. McDaniel lacitpO secneicS retneC Quinta Corporation ytisrevinU fo anozirA San ,esoJ AC ,noscuT ZA William A. McGahan scirteM .cnI Jerry E. Hurst, Jr Nano nedanhA hcraeseR retneC ,elavynnuS AC IBM naS ,esoJ AC Thomas D. Milster lacitpO secneicS retneC David B. Kay ytisrevinU fo anozirA Mass yromeM noisiviD ,noscuT ZA namtsaE kadoK ynapmoC ,retsehcoR NY Randall H. Victora Mass yromeM hcraeseR yrotarobaL Yoshimitsu Kobayashi namtsaE kadoK ynapmoC ihsibustiM lacimehC noitaroproC ,retsehcoR NY ,amahokoY napaJ C. David Wright Mark H. Kryder lacirtcelE gnireenignE seirotarobaL fo lacirtcelE & Department ehT ytisrevinU fo retsehcnaM retupmoC gnireenignE ,retsehcnaM dnalgnE eigenraC nolleM ytisrevinU ,hgrubsttiP AP ECITON oT the tseb of ruo egdelwonk the noitamrofni ni siht noitacilbup si ;etarucca revewoh the rehsilbuP does ton emussa yna ytilibisnopser or ytilibail for the ycarucca or ssenetelpmoc of, or secneuqesnoc gnisira ,morf .noitamrofn hicus sihT s kioob dednetni for lanoitamrofni sesoprup .ylno noitneM oft rade seman or laicremmoc stcudorp does ton etutitsnoc tnemesrodne or noitadnemmocer for esu yb the .rehsilbuP laniF noitanimreted of the ytilibatius of yna noitamrofni or tcudorp for esu detalpmetnoc yb yna ,resu dna the rennam ofthat ,esu si the elos ytilibisnopser of the .resu eW dnemmocer that enoyna gnidnetni ot yler no yna noitadnemmocer of slairetam or serudecorp denoitnem ni siht noitacilbup dluohs yfsitas flesmih as ot hcus ,ytilibatius dna that he nac teem lla elbacilppa ytefas dna htlaeh .sdradnats 1 Magneto-Optical Data Recording: Introduction and Overview Bernard ?K Bell, Jr., and David K Campbell 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL STORAGE 1.1 Optical Data Storage tcapmoC scsid (CD’s) gnirb cisum otni ruo .sevil CD-ROM’s gnirb erawtfos dna noitamrofni ot ruo .sretupmoc otohP CD’s wolla su ot evihcra serutcip dna yalpsid dna etalupinam meht no ruo snoisivelet dna no ruo .sretupmoc ecno-etirW lacitpo sevird erots ruo tiderc drac snoitcasnart dna . ..-11--l _---..>- ~-~~~..:*_,-1- ,_-I*-.- _.1_:2 _.-1 ,_..:_> ..__,I, .._ _L _L____ iacucem recoros . m2vrmao~e optical alsm ana anves dliuw us LOc ;rt;ii~t; setybaret fo ,noitamrofni rehtehw ti eb ,oediv ,oidua ro .latigid htiW lacitpo-otengam ’s’scsiDiniM ew nac drocer cisum dna yrrac ti ni ruo trihs .tekcop neetfiF sraey ,oga lacitpo egarots saw gnihtemos thguoht tuoba dna deirrac tuo ni hcraeser labs, yadot ti setaemrep ruo .sevil nI 1995 ,enola ediwdlrow selas fo lacitpo egarots aidem dna secived dedeecxe 50 noillib ,srallod htiw erom naht 150 noillim lacitpo ksid sevird gnieb .dlos erehT si yldrah a emoh ni ,aciremA ,eporuE ro napaJ taht t’nseod evah at tsael eno DC reyalp dna snezod fo .scsid nI eht ,erutuf as egarots seiticapac eunitnoc ot worg dna ecived sezis eunitnoc ot ,knirhs lacitpo 1 2 Magneto-Optical Data Recording storage of noitamrofni will eunitnoc ot yalp na reve more importantr ole in people’s lives. The next generation promises full length digital movies and backward compatible players for ruoy tsrif noitareneg CD’s. 1.2 Magneto-Optical Data Storage sihT koobdnah si tuoba lacitpo-otengam atad .egarots -otengaM lacitpo egarots si elbaetirwer .egarots tcapmoC scsiD are ylno-daer -rots ,ega yeht wolla eht remotsuc ot ylno daer eht .atad otohP CD’s dna CD- elbadroceR sksid are WORM etirw( ,ecno daer )ynam ,sksid yeht wolla a resu ot etirw eht atad ,ecno neht daer ti as ynam semit as .derised -otengaM lacitpo sksid wolla remotsuac ot ,daer ,etirw ,esare etir wedrna ema esht ksid a ylraen etinifni rebmun .sem ifto yehT e hetdivorp emas ytilanoitcnuf as rehto smrof fo citengam egarots hcus as citengam epat dna citengam drah .sksid 1.3 Rotating Mass Memories Optical Readout of Information. Optical data storage in the context of this handbook will mean the storage fo atad no a gnitator muidem erehw eht tuodaer si enod yb lacitpo .snaem ehT noitamrofni yam eb nettirw yllacitpo ro yb yllacitpo detsissa .seuqinhcet nI ,lareneg siht snaem a maeb fo thgil desuco sfi ot a tops fo tnaidar ygrene hcihw stcaretni htiw a egarots muidem e hnti mrof fo a gnitator l*ll.ksid ehT atad no eht ksid si yllareneg dezinagro .s kcarottni ehT noitamrofni derot ssi yllaires gnola eht kcart ni a yranib noihsaf dna thgim tneserper ,oediv ,oidua ro retupmoc .atad tI yam eb dedocne aiv a yteirav fo gnidrocer .seuqinhcet ehT noitcaretni neewteb eht thgil dna eht muidem nac rucco ni a rebmun fo syaw tub tsum yfidom emos elbatceted ytreporp fo eht ,thgil taht ,si s’ti ,edutilpma ,esahp ro .noitaziralop nI tsomla all ,sesac eht thgil si detcelfer morf eht ,aidem sretneer eht focusing lens erehw ti si detcerid ot a tes fo srotcetedotohp hcihw trevnoc eht lacitpo slangis otni lacirtcele .slangis esehT cinortcele slangis are dedoced ot ecudorp eht noitamrofni fo .tseretni tuodaeR morf lacitpo-otengam l51[sksid swollof eht evoba -pircsed .noit roF lacitpo-otengaam ,ksid eht egarots muidem si a niht citengam mlif ro( )smlif detisoped otno a tnerapsnart .etartsbus Data si dedrocer ni a yranib mrof as dezis-norcimbus citengam sniamod degnarra yllaires ni skcart no eht .ksid tuodaeR sekat ecalp yb gnitcelfer thgil morf eht ,mlif htiw eht noitcaretni neewteb eht eh dt ntahgil muidem gnicudorp egnahac ni eht noitaziralop fo eht ,thgil eht magneto-optical effect. The noitaziralop Introduction and Overview 3 egnahc neewteb gnitanretla stib si detrevnoc ot lacirtcele slangis dna dedoced ni eht lacitpo-otengam daeh dna evird .scinortcele Magneto-Optical Writing. citengamomrehT gnidrocer si eht -orp ssec desu ot etirw atad no lacitpo-otengam ,sksid dna as sti eman ,seilpmi seriuqer htob resal gnitaeh dna a citengam .dleif A maeb fo resal thgil si desucof ot a norcimbus tops fo tnaidar ygrene hcihw sesaercni eht -arepmet erut fo eht citengam niht mlif ni a yrev dezilacol area. ,ylsuoenatlumiS a citengam dleif si deilppa ot eht detaeh area dna sniamer tneserp retfa eht tnaidar ygrene si .devomer sA eht mlif ,slooc a citengam niamod htiw noitazitengam denimreted yb eht deilppa dleif si nezorf ni .ecalp esuaceB eht gnitaeh si yrev ,dezilacol siht niamod lliw evah snoisnemid ralimis ot eht snoisnemid fo eht desucof .maeb fI eht emas area si detaeh a dnoces ,emit dna a citengam dleif fo etisoppo ytiralop si ,deilppa a niamod fo etisoppo noitazitengam si .decudorp sihT ssecorp swolla atad ni eht mrof fo sniamod ot eb ,nettirw ,desare dna nettirwer ot eht earema as. no eht ksid a ylraen etinifni rebmun fo .semit lacitpo-otengaM niht smlif evah yrev egral lacitrev yportosina hcihw snaem taht yeht ylno troppus noitazitengam ni a noitcerid taht ralucidnepre spi ot eht enalp fo eht niht .mlif ecneH ylno owt noitazitengam snoitatneiro nac eb dedrocer no eht .ksid esehT are sniamod htiw noitazitengam noitcerid gnitniop sdrawot eht resal maeb ecnartne ,ecaf dna sniamod htiw noitazitengam gnitniop yawa morf siht .ecaf erehT are lareves snoitairav ot eht cisab citengamomreht gnidrocer .emehcs ehT resal rewop nac eb dleh at a CD level elihw eht citengam dleif dehctiw ssi at hgih ,setar eht citengam dleif nac dle ehb dexif elihw eht resal rewop ,dehctiw ssi ro htob nac .dehctiw esb ,sesanall cI eht emoctuo si ,taht as eht ksid setator rednu eht desucof ,top rsesal citengam sniamod gniyr afvo gnicaps dna ro htgnel are dedrocer gnitneserper eht dedocne .atad ehT ralucitrap noitairav fo citengamomreht gnidrocer desu sdneped nopu hcus srotcaf as eht gnidrocer ytisned dn agnidrocer atad setar taht are .deriuqer ehT tsom ylnommoc deyolpme citengamomreht gnidrocer emehcs si eht CD dleif htiw gnihctiws resal .rewop sihT si nwonk as light power modulation. The dleif rof siht epyt deilppu ssi yb rehtie a egral -gamortcele ten esohw ytiralop nac eb degnahc yb gnisrever eht ,tnerruc ro a egral tnenamrep tengam taht sehctiws eht ytiralop yb gnitator eht tengam ot tneserp rehtie eht htron elop eh rto htuos elop e hfto tengam drawot eht .ksid ehT dleif morf rehtie epyt si yletamixorppa ralucidneprep ot eht gnidrocer smlif dna eht snoisnemid are nesohc os taht ti sdnetxe revo eht dnab fo .skcart suhT eht citengam dleif si tnedicnioc htiw eht desucof tops sseldrager hcihwfo kcart eht resal tops si .no gnidroceR seriuqer owt sessap 4 Magneto-Optical Data Recording ro snoitator fo eht .ksid gniruD eht tsrif ,ssap eht citengam dleif si no dna eht resal rewop si desiar dna dleh at a rewop os taht na eritne kcolb si .desare nO eht dnoces ,noitator eht citengam dleif si desrever dna eht resal rewop si detaludom htiw eht dedocne atad nrettap neewteb woal rewop tneiciffus( rof gnidaer tub ton gniretla eht citengam )sniamod dna a hgih .rewop ehT gnitluser gnidrocer si a kcart htiw seireas fo sniamod fo eno ,noitazitengam htiw secaps neewteb meht fo eht etisoppo .noitazitengam ehT yramirp segatnavda ni thgil rewop noitaludom gnidrocer are taht hgih (> 10 MHz) atad setar nac eb deveihca t ahdtna eht tengam nac decap esb a gnol ecnatsid lareves( )sretemillim morf eht ksid gniwolla dedis-elbuod .sksid nA tnemecnahne ot siht emehcs nwonk as light intensity modulation direct overwrite 161t)WODMIL( hcihw setanimile eht tsrif esare ssap nageb ot raeppa ni 1996 ni 2.6 BG sevird detekram yb nokiN dna .srehto esehT MO sksid detaroprocni lanoitidda mlif sreyal hcihw dewolla eht citengam sniamod ot ezeerf otni rehtie fo eht owt snoitcerid gnidneped -arepm eet hnto erut yeht dah dehcaer nehw detaeh yb eht resal .tops yB gnislup eht resal rewop ot taeh eht aidem evoba eht hgih ,dlohserht a niamod si .nettirw A resal eslup fo tneiciffus rewop ot taeh eht aidem evoba eht dlohser hwtol tub ton hguone ot esiar eht erutarepmet evoba eht hgih dlohserht secudorp na desare .niamod sevirD gnisu WODMIL aidem ylevitceffe delbuod eht etirw refsnart rate elihw gniniatniam eht esu fo elbuod dedis .sksid eeS .hC ro7 f a erom deliated noissucsid fo WODMIL .gnitirw rehtonA gnidrocer euqinhcet smi agneticjield modulation (MFM) ni hcihw eht resal rewop dle shi tnatsnoc at a CD level elihw a llams citengam daeh setaludom eht citengam dat leif a hgih rate. oT eveihca tsaaf gnihctiws ,deeps siht citengam daeh sdeen ot eb llams dna ni esolc ytimixorp ot eht lacitpo-otengam niht .smlif sihT seriuqer taht evo tmi htiw eht resal tops ot ssecca tnereffid skcart e hnto .ksid ehT tsom tnacifingis egatnavda fo MFM gnidrocer si taht elgnis ssap gnidrocer nac eb deveihca gnisu tahwemos relpmis aidem naht htiw eht WODMIL .euqinhcet ehT segatnavdasid fo MFM gnidrocer ni tnerruc snoitatnemelpmi are taht atad setar are yllausu ,wols detimil yb eht gnihctiws emit fo eht citengam ,dleif dna eht citengam daeh tsum eb detacol ni yrev esolc ytimixorp ot eht lacitpo-otengam .smlif ehT esolc ytimixorp fo eht citengam daeh sedulcerp dedis-elbuod sksid nehw a 1.2 mm evitcetorp revoc epyt etartsbus si .desu 1.4 History dehsilbuP 121111stnuocca fo eht medom tpecnoc fo gnidrocer -amroit noit gnisu resal thgil etad ot eht 1960’s. lacitpO gnidrocer gnisu resal thgil Introduction and Overview 5 depoleved as na noitacilppa fo .sresal stnetaP gnirevoc emos fo eht latnemadnuf stpecnoc erew delif ni eht ylrae 1970’s. lacitpO gnidrocer sah neeb na evitca area hcr aesefro ni etaroproc ytisrevi nduna seirotarobal ecnis esoht .semit ,ylgnitseretnI emos fo eht tseilrae krow lacit pnoi gnidrocer saw e hnti area fo lacitpo-otengam gnidrocer rehtar naht ni ,ecno-etirw ro -daer ylno gnidrocer .smetsys JrlnehC ni eht 1960’s detartsnomed gnidaer dna gnitirw fo lacitpo-otengam atad no a niht mlif fo iBnM ni a noihsaf yrev ralimis ot tahw yado sti dezilaicremmoc ni lacitpo-otengam .sevird -rofnU ,yletanut iBnM dluoc ylno eb detisoped as a enillatsyrcylop mlif rehtar naht as suohprom naa .mlif gniruD ,tuodaer eht hgih esion morf eht latsyrc niarg seiradnuob detluser ni na elbatpeccanu esion-ot-langis .oitar sihT melborp did ton dnel flesti ot na ysae noitulos ni eht 60’s ro ylrae 70’s, dna tsom srehcraeser denodnaba MO gnidrocer dna denrut rieht noitnetta sdrawot tnempoleved fo ylno-daer ecnoeti rdwna lacitpo .gnidrocer nI eht ylrae 1980’s, srehcraeser ,MBatI ,xoreX dna KDD121-I41 devlos eht esion-ot-langis oitar smelborp lacitpo-oteng afmo gnidrocer yb -poleved gni rare-earth transition metal )MT-E@ yolla smlif fo slairetam hcus as muibret ,nori muibret nori ,tlaboc muinilodag nori dna neve gnihtemos as citoxe as muiporue .edixo esehT slairetam ni( ralucitrap )oCeFbT evag hgih esion-ot-langis ,soitar dewolla llams elbats sniamod ot eb ,nettirw dna dluoc eb detacirbaf gnisu gnirettups .seuqinhcet ehT ylno kcabward eseht slairetam dewohs saw a yrev dipar ytisneporp ot .ezidixo A lareves derdnuh mortsgna mlif fbare o eFbT dluow yletelpmoc ezidixo ni rettaam setun ifmo ecno ti saw desopxe ot lamron yrotarobal .stnemnorivne slairetaM -neics stsit derevocsid taht eseht smlif dluoc eb edam ot edivorp ,elbatpecca fi ton lanoitpecxe ,semitefil yb a noitanibmoc fo eht gniwollof :seuqinhcet 1. gniyollA stnemele hcus as ,iS Cr, dna srehto htiw .oCeFbT 2. rettupS gnitisoped eht MT-ER slairetam as esned hgih ralucelom thgiew .smlif 3. gnitaluspacnE eht MT-ER smlif neewteb ,tnerapsnart -non ,evitcaer cirtceleid .snhlf retpahC( 5 ebircs eldliw woh eseht cirtceleid smlif osla edivorp lacitpo tnemecnahne fo eht citpo-otengam ).tceffe 4. gnitisopeD eht MT-ER dna cirtceleid smlif no tnerapsnart citsalp ro ssalg setartsbus neht gnitaocrevo eseht smlif htiw na munimula evitcelfer reyal ydbewollof na .taocre vcoinagro sihT ylevitceffe setaluspacne eht MT-ER smlif htiw a wodniw rof eht resal maeb ot sucof .hguorht 6 Magneto-Optical Data Recording esehT seuqinhcet devlos eht tsal latnemadnuf melborp gnicaf lacitpo-otengam egarots dna del ot eht noitazilaicremmoc fo -otengam lacitpo aidem dna .sevird s’yadoT laicremmoc aidem nac edivorp semitefil pu ot sderdnuh fo .sraey 1.5 Other Methods of Erasable Optical Storage lacitpo-otengaM atad egarots si ylraelc eht tsom lufsseccus mrof fo elbasare lacitpo .egarots tI si yb on ,snaem ,hguoht eht ylno elbasare egarots euqinhcet taht sah neeb ,detagitsevni ro .dezilaicremmoc yllacitcarP yreve yllacitpo elbisrever dna yllacitpo detsissa elbisrever tceffe sah at eno emit neeb ,detagitsevni dna desoporp as eht tseb elbissop dohtem rof atad .egarots Data sah neeb derots htiw egnahc-esahp lacitpo .slairetam eyD remylop slairetam gnisu elpitlum sresal htiw tnereffid shtgnelevaw ot ,drocer ,esare dna daer eht atad evah neeb .desu nihT sreyal fo diuqil latsyrc slairetam wolla yllacitpo elbatirwer atad ,egarots as od rehto ,cimorhcortcele cimorhcotohp dna cimorhcomreht .slairetam tpecxE rof scitpo-otengam dna egnahc-esahp ,gnidrocer eseht stpmetta at elbatirwer lacitpo egarots evah reven nettog tuo fo eht .yrotarobal egnahc-esahP no eht rehto dnah sah deviecer elbaredisnoc hcraeser dna ,tnempoleved spahrep( neve erom naht .)scitpo-otengam ,revewoH eud ot lacinhcet ,snoitatimil ot etad elbatirwer egnahc-esahp lacitpo egarots sah ylno neeb dezilaicremmoc yb eno -moc ,ynap elihw scitpo-otengam sah neeb dezilaicremmoc yb .snezod Phase-Change Recording. egnahc-esahP lacitpo gnidrocer serots atad na i niht cillatem reyal taht si detaeh gnisu desucoaf resal .maeb retfA eht gnitaeh dna gnilooc ,ssecorp eht detaeh area sretne rehtie na suohproma ro enillatsyrc esahp gnidneped no eht erutarepmet dehcaer dna eht emit ti saw dleh at taht .erutarepmet ehT lacitpo ytivitcelfer rof eseht owt sesahp ,sreffid gniwolla a wol rewop resal maeb ot daer nettirw atad yb gnitceted a egnahc ni lacitpo .ytivitcelfer egnahc-esahP lacitpo gnidrocer saw -igiro yllan detagitsevni as a ecno-etirw ro tnenamrep lacitpo gnidrocer .snaem suohpromA smlif erew ,desu hcihw nopu gnitirw emaceb enillatsyrc ni eht snoiger taht erew .nettirw esuaceB fo eht noitisopmoc dna erutcurts fo eht ,smlif eseht enillatsyrc skram erew yrev ,tnenamrep gniwolla eht aidem ot eb desu as a ecno-etirw .aidem ,atihsustaM ,kadoK dna rehto seinapmoc dezilaicremmoc stcudorp gnisu siht ecno-etirw .dohtem retaL srehcraeser derevocsid taht gniretla eht noitisopmoc dna erutcurts fo egnahc-esahp smlif dewolla eht emas desucof resal maeb ot etirw rehtie enillatsyrc ro suohproma .skram sihT si enod yb gnitarepo resaelht rewoatal rewop r odfna a regnol eslup doirep ot taeh eht smlif ot a rewol erutarepmet naht desu ot etaerc eht suohproma ,etats tub llits hguon hegih ot esuac meht ot .ezillatsyrc
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