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Handbook of lubrication and tribology. / Volume 1, Application and maintenance PDF

1139 Pages·2006·24.3 MB·English
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Tribology/Lubrication Engineering Bruce HANDBOOK materials and treatments, which are currently the of fastest growing areas of tribology, with announce- ments of new coatings, better performance, and new vendors being made every month. The final LUBRICATION section presents components, equipment, and designs commonly found in tribological systems. VOLUME II It also examines specific industrial areas and TRIBOLOGY Theory and Design their processes. and Features VOLUME II • Contains an abundance of material Since the publication of the best-selling first relevant to today’s technology needs Theory and Design edition, the growing price and environmental HANDBOOK • Includes peer-reviewed contributions of cost of energy have increased the significance from leading authorities in lubrication LUBRICATION of tribology. Handbook of Lubrication and and tribology S E C O N D E D I T I O N TRIBOLOGY Tribology, Volume II: Theory and Design, • Presents critical data for the design and Second Edition demonstrates how the principles of lubrication and tribological-related VOLUME II of tribology can address cost savings, energy Theory and Design equipment conservation, and environmental protection. This S E C O N D E D I T I O N • Explores wear materials, treatments, and second edition provides a thorough treatment of coatings—some of the most burgeoning established knowledge and practices, along with areas of tribology detailed references for further study. Sponsored by the Society of Tribologists and Written by the foremost experts in the field, the Lubrication Engineers, this handbook incorporates book is divided into four sections. The first reviews up-to-date, peer-reviewed information for tackling the basic principles of tribology, wear mechanisms, tribological problems and improving lubricants and modes of lubrication. The second section and tribological systems. The book shows how covers the full range of lubricants/coolants, the proper use of generally accepted tribological including mineral oil, synthetic fluids, and water- practices can save money, conserve energy, and based fluids. In the third section, the contributors protect the environment. describe many wear- and friction-reducing EEddiitteedd bbyy RRoobbeerrtt WW.. BBrruuccee 6908X ISBN: 978-1-4200-6908-2 90000 9 781420 069082 Sponsored by the SOCIETY OF TRIBOLOGISTS AND LUBRICATION ENGINEERS 6908X_Cover_mech.indd 1 6/5/12 1:37 PM Due to the unique page numbering scheme of this book, the electronic pagination of the eBook does not match the pagination of the printed version. To navigate the text, please use the electronic Table of Contents that appears alongside the eBook or the Search function. For citation purposes, use the page numbers that appear in the text. HANDBOOK of LUBRICATION TRIBOLOGY and VOLUME II Theory and Design S E C O N D E D I T I O N HANDBOOK of LUBRICATION TRIBOLOGY and VOLUME II Theory and Design S E C O N D E D I T I O N Edited by Robert W. Bruce Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not consti- tute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120418 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-6909-9 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material repro- duced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copy- right.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifica- tion and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................xi Advisory Committee ............................................................................................. xiii Review Board ...........................................................................................................xv Contributors ..........................................................................................................xvii SECTION I Theory and Practice of Lubrication and Tribology 1 Tribology ........................................................................................................1-1 Kenneth C Ludema 2 Surface Analysis .............................................................................................2-1 Irwin L. Singer 3 Roughness .......................................................................................................3-1 Christopher A. Brown 4 Contact Mechanics .........................................................................................4-1 George G. Adams 5 Friction ...........................................................................................................5-1 Peter J. Blau 6 Wear: A Synoptic View ..................................................................................6-1 Shyam Bahadur 7 Adhesive Wear ................................................................................................7-1 Kyriakos Komvopoulos 8 Abrasive Wear ................................................................................................8-1 Koji Kato 9 Rolling Contact Fatigue Wear .......................................................................9-1 Michael N. Kotzalas 10 Fretting .........................................................................................................10-1 Thomas N. Farris and N. Sundaram v vi Contents 11 Erosion ..........................................................................................................11-1 Awatef A. Hamed 12 Oxidative Wear .............................................................................................12-1 John R. Nicholls and Richard G. Wellman 13 Wear Models .................................................................................................13-1 Kenneth Holmberg and Anssi Laukkanen 14 Lubrication ...................................................................................................14-1 Robert L. Jackson 15 Hydrostatic Lubrication ...............................................................................15-1 Gregory J. Kostrzewsky 16 Hydrodynamic Lubrication..........................................................................16-1 John A. Tichy 17 Compressible Gas Film Lubrication ............................................................17-1 Luis San Andrés 18 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ................................................................18-1 Farshid Sadeghi and Trevor Slack 19 Mixed Lubrication ........................................................................................19-1 Martin N. Webster 20 Boundary Lubrication and Boundary Lubricating Films ...........................20-1 Hugh Spikes 21 Additive Technology ....................................................................................21-1 Elaine S. Yamaguchi, Gaurav Bhalla, and Vincent J. Gatto SECTION II Lubricants 22 Lubricants .....................................................................................................22-1 Robert W. Bruce 23 Incompressible Fluids ..................................................................................23-1 Ronald A. Reich and James R. Anglin 24 Base Oils .......................................................................................................24-1 Joseph M. Perez and Kimberly Wain Fick 25 Additives for Lubricants ..............................................................................25-1 Leslie R. Rudnick 26 Rheology .......................................................................................................26-1 Scott S. Bair 27 Lubricant Application ..................................................................................27-1 Paul W. Hetherington and Evan S. Zabawski 28 Lubricating Grease .......................................................................................28-1 Paul A. Bessette Contents vii 29 Solid Lubricants ...........................................................................................29-1 Robert W. Bruce 30 Metalworking Lubricants .............................................................................30-1 Gregory J. Foltz 31 Hydraulic Fluids ...........................................................................................31-1 James B. Hannon 32 Fluid Maintenance .......................................................................................32-1 Allison M. Toms and George J.W. Staniewski SECTION III Wear Materials 33 Wear Materials .............................................................................................33-1 William A. Glaeser and Robert W. Bruce 34 Friction and Wear of Polymer Materials .....................................................34-1 Thierry A. Blanchet 35 Metals ...........................................................................................................35-1 Thomas W. Scharf 36 Wear and Lubrication of Ceramics ..............................................................36-1 Said Jahanmir 37 Composite Materials ....................................................................................37-1 Li Chang and Klaus Friedrich 38 Coatings and Surface Treatments ................................................................38-1 Arup Gangopadhyay 39 Low Friction Coatings ..................................................................................39-1 Thomas W. Scharf 40 Wear Coating and Treatments .....................................................................40-1 Gary L. Doll and Allan Matthews 41 Coatings and Surface Treatments: Interactions with Lubricants ...............41-1 Staffan Jacobson SECTION IV Design for Lubrication and Tribology 42 Design for Lubrication and Tribology .........................................................42-1 Robert W. Bruce 43 Fluid Film (Hydrodynamic) Lubrication .....................................................43-1 Andras Z. Szeri 44 Journal Bearings ...........................................................................................44-1 John C. Nicholas 45 Thrust Bearings ............................................................................................45-1 Scan M. DeCamillo and Bruce R. Fabijonas viii Contents 46 Hydrodynamic Step and Wedge Bearings ...................................................46-1 Theo G. Keith, Sorin Cioc, and L. Moraru 47 Compliant Foil Bearing Technology: An Overview ....................................47-1 Hooshang Heshmat 48 Components with Nonconforming Contacts ..............................................48-1 Andrew V. Olver 49 Lubrication of Rolling Element Bearings ....................................................49-1 E. Ioannides and Guillermo E. Morales-Espejel 50 Gear Lubrication ..........................................................................................50-1 Robert F. Handschuh 51 Cams .............................................................................................................51-1 Andrew V. Olver 52 Lubrication Oil Systems ...............................................................................52-1 Jan Ploszaj, Hooshang Heshmat, and George J.W. Staniewski 53 Surface Texturing .........................................................................................53-1 Izhak Etsion 54 Sliding Bearings ...........................................................................................54-1 Timothy Alan Parsons and Jianpeng Feng 55 Magnetic Bearings ........................................................................................55-1 Alan B. Palazzolo, Zhiyang Wang, Jung Gu Lee, Albert F. Kascak, and Andrew J. Provenza 56 Face Seals ......................................................................................................56-1 Tom W. Lai 57 Lip Seals ........................................................................................................57-1 Robert K. Flitney 58 Brake and Clutch ..........................................................................................58-1 Roberto C. Dante, Carlo Navire, and Bruno Tron 59 Automotive Tribology ..................................................................................59-1 Edward P. Becker 60 Turbomachinery Tribology ..........................................................................60-1 William D. Marscher 61 Natural and Artificial Human Joints ..........................................................61-1 Francis E. Kennedy and Douglas W. Van Citters 62 Nuclear Reactor Power Station Lubrication ................................................62-1 Ken J. Brown and Steven Lemberger 63 Space Mechanism Lubrication .....................................................................63-1 Stuart Loewenthal 64 Magnetic Storage ..........................................................................................64-1 Nan Liu and David B. Bogy

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