Handbook of Longitudinal Research: Design, Measurement, and Analysis In memory of my parents, Joyce and Marcel Menard, for the values they taught me, for their help and encouragement in my education, and for always being there when I needed them most. Handbook of Longitudinal Research: Design, Measurement, and Analysis Editor Scott Menard, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, USA. Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. AMSTERDAM•BOSTON•HEIDELBERG•LONDON• NEWYORK•OXFORD PARIS•SANDIEGO• SANFRANCISCO•SINGAPORE•SYDNEY•TOKYO AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 30CorporateDrive,Suite400,Burlington,MA01803,USA 525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,California92101-4495,USA 84Theobald’sRoad,LondonWC1X8RR,UK Firstedition2008 Copyright©2008,ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. Chapter10reprintedfromJournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology61:911–919,1993. Chapter16reprintedfromSocialScienceResearch2:133–144,1977,withpermissionfromElsevier. Chapter36reprintedfromAnalyzingSocialandPoliticalChange,AngelaDaleandRichardDavies,eds, SAGEPublications,1994. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopy,recording,oranyinformation storageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone:(+44)(0)1865843830;fax(+44)(0)1865853333; email:permissions@elsevier.com.Alternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlineby visitingtheElsevierwebsiteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselecting ObtainingpermissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersons orpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuse oroperationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerial herein.Becauseofrapidadvancesinthemedicalsciences,inparticular,independent verificationofdiagnosesanddrugdosagesshouldbemade LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN978-0-12-370481-8 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteatwww.books.elsevier.com PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 08 09 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents List of Contributors ix Preface xi Part I Longitudinal Research Design 1 1 Introduction: Longitudinal research design and analysis 3 Scott Menard 2 Using national census data to study change 13 Margo Anderson 3 Repeated cross-sectional research: the general social surveys 33 Tom W. Smith 4 Structuring the National Crime Victim Survey for use in longitudinal analysis 49 Lawrence Hotchkiss and Ronet Bachman 5 The Millennium Cohort Study and mature national birth cohorts in Britain 67 Heather E. Joshi 6 Retrospective longitudinal research: the German Life History Study 85 Karl Ulrich Mayer Part II Measurement Issues in Longitudinal Research 107 7 Respondent recall 109 Jennifer K. Grotpeter 8 A review and summary of studies on panel conditioning 123 David Cantor 9 Reliability issues in longitudinal research 139 Toon W. Taris vi Contents 10 Orderly change in a stable world: The antisocial trait as a chimera 153 Gerald R. Patterson 11 Minimizing panel attrition 167 Heather Laurie 12 Nonignorable nonresponse in longitudinal studies 185 E. Michael Foster and Anna Krivelyova Part III Descriptive and Causal Analysis in Longitudinal Research 197 13 Graphical techniques for exploratory and confirmatory analyses of longitudinal data 199 Garrett M. Fitzmaurice 14 Separating age, period, and cohort effects in developmental and historical research 219 Scott Menard 15 An introduction to pooling cross-sectional and time series data 233 John L. Worrall 16 Dynamic models and cross-sectional data: the consequences of dynamic misspecification 249 Ronald Schoenberg 17 Causal analysis with nonexperimental panel data 259 David F. Greenberg 18 Causal inference in longitudinal experimental research 279 Jos W. R. Twisk Part IV Description and Measurement of Qualitative Change 295 19 Analyzing longitudinal qualitative observational data 297 Johnny Saldaña 20 Configural frequency analysis of longitudinal data 313 Alexander von Eye and Eun Young Mun 21 Analysis of longitudinal categorical data using optimal scaling techniques 333 Catrien C. J. H. Bijleveld 22 An introduction to latent class analysis 357 C. Mitchell Dayton 23 Latent class models in longitudinal research 373 Jeroen K. Vermunt, Bac Tran and Jay Magidson Contents vii Part V Timing of Qualitative Change: Event History Analysis 387 24 Nonparametric methods for event history data: descriptive measures 389 C. M. Suchindran 25 The Cox proportional hazards model, diagnostics, and extensions 405 Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier and Lyndsey Stanfill 26 Parametric event history analysis: an application to the analysis of recidivism 421 Hee-Jong Joo 27 Discrete-time survival analysis: predicting whether, and if so when, an event occurs 441 Margaret K. Keiley, Nina C. Martin, Janet Canino, Judith D. Singer and John B. Willett Part VI Panel Analysis, Structural Equation Models, and Multilevel Models 465 28 Generalized estimating equations for longitudinal panel analysis 467 Joseph M. Hilbe and James W. Hardin 29 Linear panel analysis 475 Steven E. Finkel 30 Panel analysis with logistic regression 505 Scott Menard 31 Latent growth curve models 523 Michael Stoolmiller 32 Multilevel growth curve analysis for quantitative outcomes 545 Douglas A. Luke 33 Multilevel analysis with categorical outcomes 565 Scott Menard Part VII Time Series Analysis and Deterministic Dynamic Models 577 34 A brief introduction to time series analysis 579 Scott Menard 35 Spectral analysis 601 William W.S. Wei 36 Time-series techniques for repeated cross-section data 621 David Sanders and Hugh Ward viii Contents 37 Differential equation models for longitudinal data 639 Steven M. Boker 38 Nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and catastrophe theory 653 Courtney Brown Index 665 Contributors Anderson, Margo History and Urban Studies, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Bachman, Ronet Department of Sociology, University of Delaware Bijleveld, Catrien C. J. H. NSCR Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Leiden, The Netherlands Boker, Steven M. Department of Psychology, University of Virginia Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M. Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University Brown, Courtney Department of Political Science, Emory University Canino, Janet Purdue University Cantor, David Westat and Joint Program for Survey Methodology, University of Maryland Dayton,C.MitchellDepartmentofMeasurement,Statistics,andEvaluation,UniversityofMaryland Finkel, Steven E. Department of Policical Science, University of Pittsburgh and Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany Fitzmaurice, Garret School of Public Health, Harvard University Foster, E. Michael School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Greenberg, David F. Department of Sociology, New York University Grotpeter, Jennifer K. Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder Hardin, James W. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Hilbe, Joseph M. Sociology and Statistics, Arizona State University Hotchkiss, Lawrence Information Technology – User Services, University of Delaware Joo, Hee-Jong College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University Joshi, Heather Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London Keiley, Margaret K. Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University Laurie, Heather Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, UK. Krivelyova, ORC Macro, Inc.
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