Handbook of Literary Rhetoric. A Foundation for Literary Study

438 Pages·1998·87.481 MB·English

by  Heinrich Lausberg

I IEl:'\RICI I l..\l .SBER(;
HANDBOOK
OF LITERARY RHETORIC
.·1 Foundation jar Litera~T Stud)·
FC> RE\\"<l RD BY
c;EOR(;E :\. KI·::--::--:1-:ny
TR.·\;'\SL\.TED BY
:\!:\TI'HE\\' T. BUSS. :\:'-::'-:E:\!IEKJ:\.'-:SE:'-:
DA\'ID E. ORTO:'-:
EDITED BY
D:\ \'ID E. ORTO:'-: & R DEA:'-: :\SDERSO:'-:
I .
BRILL
LEIDEN · BOSTON · KOL'J"
1998
.::r· .·; :!·: i,'·;r: •:i. f.:·:~
,1.u,
; -, '..-·:.• '._' ·. II I
CONTENTS
·1111-.I ,,,,,~\". 1• ,r··• • • .,..,; • '.• • • .1 . ' ~ ~ '. .., .. ) .\; ,..' . Foreword by George A. Kennedy x1x
Library of(', ~' n ~rr'"I-, ('~ ala I ,,gan. g-an· . I >ut,li, oo1.l1un l>ala Preface to the English Translation . xx11
1-111".l,rri.<. lfr111r1, ,. Foreword to the 1990 Reprint of the Second Edition ( 1973) xxm
llLir1dl,111 Ji drr ltrrr. 1,1-., !ir:. J{i.r:,,::~. J.:._,·::·.!.· Author· s Preface xx\11
Jf,u,df,,,,,k " •if Ill r I ,11 .•. I .I 1r I< ,f :• ,I l• ,:Jl ,, .: .1' :• •!, : : . ; ~,.. I .1: ·, 1 · i' i ', Comments on the Technical Layout of the Book xxx1
I'f f r111111h J ..1 11·.l,rr"°'· f,,1r·,.,,,1,J •.,·, ( ,r,.t;.!r- .\ ~:.--:.1,r,J·, l;.1:.·.l,1:r,! !,,
·' .,111,rv. 'J I''I! .. .. : \ lillf'IILlrr. , J, ll,-' fl J).1•.1,i J. f ):!• ,---,j:'.r,j !,•, J).1\ltl
I ( r, \ Preliminary Remarks ( §§ 1-3 I)
·. '""" Iv I''\ r.111 : 11dr 1 ·., ,11
I' f Jt I I . The artes in General ( § § 1-1 I)
lru l11dr·• IJ I 1J 1J f1!-!f,tJ1 I ii• .d rr·Jr1r·1,, , .. a) Definition ofars (§§ ]~8)
!Sii:',; 'HJIM i<J7r',·,·, I' .
I I ,I ~ Jl·'i'''' b) Classification of the artes (§§ 9-11) 5
l{hrt,,rlf ,\,,, rrr,t ' l'I I ( ) : . ' IJ.,;,.J I.
, '\ 1r I 1 ,I I' •I l 2. The artes lthcralcs (§§ 12-15) 9
JI :\r1drr·,,111, I{ JJr,1r1 l'Jf, ~ ff [ I II Jr
I',\ I ~i I 1: 11 ·1 I, J' H~ . a) Definition of artcs /1herales (§ 12) 9
H(JH d,'J.I 'I ; · ~, j ! 1·} I I b) Classification of the art e.,· ltherales ( § I 3) I O
( : l I'
c) Relationship to Philosophy ( § 14) I O
Deutsche, Bihliotlu·k - CJl'-Einhrit,aufnahm,· 3. Grammar(§§ 16-3 I) . . . . 11
a)DefinitionofGranunar(§ 16)... II
J •a. u\br·rK, lf,·111rH h·
lf{l a1'.u llJ<10k , J f ItI . <l.1.1 ) , I I 1rlri11c .t fr11111d.1t11,11 f,11 !11c1.11\· •,(llll\" / b) The Classification ofGranunar ( §§ 17-30) 11
~ ' uiri< Ii I~au ..b..r ·rg. FrJirv,.-,nd l,v <; cfll ~<· :\ Kr1111f·dv ·11.111..,I !,, er.) t?ecte /oq11end1s cientia (§§ 18-22) 11
1attl1t·v,,· ·r. l~li..,..,. I·:d 1,v J),1\:JCII ·: <> 111111 & I< IJc.111 :\11dr1 ...1 H1 P)l 'oetarnm enarratio (§§ 23-30) lJ
l .1.·1dn. 1 ·, D" <J\ 1< 111 ; K ,,)11 . B·n ll I 1111H c) Jn Praise ofGranunar (§ 31) 15
l·.111h1·i1.,,.1(J,1I.f ,.. ,,,It,,,, I, ,t,·,· I1 11·1,111..,i I1 r11 "r.I. 1,·1,i11k • r11~:I
ISBN 'JCJ.fH-107c,·,-·i
Rhetoric(§§ 32-1155) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Section One: Definition and Place of Rhetoric (§§ 32-41) 17
ISB:si 'JIJ <H I IJ7<6 ·1
J. Definition(§§ 32-33) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2. Relationship to Poetics and Philosophy(§§ 34-36).. . 18
'flu~ tran.r.lallon '' !(d'· (. .opyn1;ht I 'IVH hy .A.o mnAfyl., /Jn/I NV, f_,-lffm. 1/u .\rther/m1d.1
3. The Dialectic of natura I ars (§§ 37-41) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
A II nght.1 reserved· J"v o /Jart ("!J' thn Jn1hlzcatzon, nay he reprorlurrrl,t rarulntrd, \lorrd Ill
a retneval ·5:v.,5· tem, or t ranJ"lllter.1 zn a,ry }. om1 or br y an;• r11ea1n, rt.,e_r lronzr, Section Two: Organization and Description of Rhetoric(§§ 42-1155) 25
mechanzcal, photocopying, recorrlin!!o.r olhent:1se, ll'llhout J1rzorlc nllen
Part One: De arte (§§ 44-1150) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
/iermm1011f rom the puhl11her.
Chapter One: Materia artis (§§ 46-254) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Autlwnzatwn to photocopy ,tm« far mternal or /imorwl I. The Universal Applicability of the materia (§§ 47-52) . . 27
use 1.1 granted by Brill provided that II. Division of the materia (§§ 53-138) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
the appropriate Jee., are pazd directly to 7/u Copyright
A. The Three Aristotelian genera(§§ 59-65) . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Cuarance Center, 222 Ro<ewood Drwe, Swte 910
Danum MA 0/923, USA. B. The Three Classifications ofquaestiones (§§ 66-138) ........ 39
Fee.1a re .mbject to change. I. The Three Degrees of Complexity of the quaeslio (§ 67) . . . . . . 39
2. The Two Degrees of Concreteness of the Quaestio:
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PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
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~;!'<'('_/.1.1,1,1,1,,),. ,,,,,,, . ..,r,1,,,1 t111;r,,':: ,,x -·sf 2. s1t11usfi1111w111<s§ 212i 99
l I he h,ur lfutu, 1; , 7'J I , ~ 3. SttJIUS </IW/ila/tS (§§ 233-236). 100
., ' , ·~ I
4. Stt1tus 1ra11sla1w111(s§ 237) 102
aJ .\'tutu,, t11ru,· 1 • · •,•, J,
()/1/t'<
'! I' I
hJ .\'tut111/ 1111111"1111 ,, I ,,.1 I , , 5. Stt1tus legt1/es ( § 238) 102
CJ .\'tutu, </IIUl1tut1111, , ; I' 1 I• ;•, I C. ( ie1111ds e111011stra1n·11(1 §1§1 239- 254) 102
' , .. 1 I
dJ .\'tll/111 trw11/ut1<, 1111I ,. I ; I I .. I. S1a111sc m11ect1irae ( § 249) 109
' • ' ' I .., Status/illlt/011/S (§§ 250-251) 109
cJ <J lhcr l )1v1" 1"w, "' ,i. 11,,, 1 .• 1 ,.1 1 . ~
• • \ .~ I ...,, .. ,.t tJ(U.·\ I ·SS'l5-i-i,,) 110
l I l l rcal111cnl of the m,u,·riu 011 !he H.,., . .,f 11, ..... . _.\r1·.t,,tcli.111 .~.·(, 1t·r,1 4. Status 1tr/1a1<111 /(s(lI(a/.\t(1,,-0·--1--11(s § 254) . ... I 1 I
and lfatu., ( ~ ·} [ 1'J .' ~-11 h~
Chapter Two: l'artes arfls (§§ 255 · 1091) 112
I\ r )('/Ill\ ""'" "'''' < ..,. ..s., 1-lfJ .., ·-, , J t, ·'
l .\101111 !'.l'lll'r11 r11t1t,,,,,l11II ';. ,; J .1•1 , ,,- ' (> 'i J. /!1\'t'/1(/11 ( §§ 260 --142) 119
I,,, /\. l:\or,/11111(1 § § 263 288) 121
aJ .\'tut111' "111,·, tun,,· ( ·~';
I (l(>
Cl) /111V ()/11t•r,f *( ~ -~- I~(, I,.,) t,S I. l:\ordwn1111 J.!.l'llera( § § 265 · 281) 121
a) l'rooe1111111(1§1§ 266 279) 124
l 'J (·au'"'' ( I ~ 7 J hX
ex) lzuiicem t1tte11111p1a1 1r are ( §§ 269- 2 71) 125
ll' J r ·"n"/111m < ~-~ I ~8 1,•11 c,S
[3) !11d1ce11d1o e1/e111p arure (§ 272) 128
[!J An f"'tu,·rit < ·~§ I r,<J I 1,:,J t,')
I' J /'ot,·1hJ1 < § I r,I J c,•) y) /11d1ce11h1e 11e1·0/u11111 1iran· (a nostra {'Crsona. ah wfrer-
.rnrwrum f'Crsona. a 1wiic1111f11< 'rso11ua. causa) (§§ 273 279) 129
ll'J hu11ltu, (Ii l(,2) (,l)
<Ii·~ b) J11.rn111atw(§ § 280-281) 132
'() /In f,·,<'rit 1r,, 11,,J t,')
2. l:'.rort/111 •1rtutes et 1•111(a § § 282 -283) 133
l' J V<'rhll ,·t fu,111 <Ii l(,-1) 70
3. 1:·xord1111.ms( §§ 284-287) 134
ll' J .\'1;..:11( 0§ I r,~J 70
4. l:'.rord11p artes ( § 288) 13 5
bJ .\101111 /lllifi()f/1\ <!iii Ir,r, 17,JJ 70
B. Narrat10 ( §§ 289-34 7) 136
c J .\'tutus </Ua/11011(, §Ii 171 I 'JI,) 7'2
I. Narrationum genera(§§ 290-292) 137
Cl) l'urs 1urid1u11/1s ( !iii 17-1 l 'J') 7'!.
2. Narrat1m11s 1•1rtutes et l'itw (§§ 293--337) 140
I' J (Jual1tus uhs"lutu (Ii 171,J 73
a) Virtllfes necessariae (§§ 294-334) 140
II' J (Juul1tas us1umr,11v;, ( §Ii 177 I 'J') 74
ex) Narralw hrevis (§§ 297-314) . . . . . . . . 141
/\' relut1" (§§ 17') I 81JJ 75
I' Qua111111s1a1ti s est(§§ 298-308) . . . . . . . . . 142
B' comparu/1" (§Ii 181 182) 76
A' ('ORllifl() (§§ 299-307) 142
C' rern"li" ( §§ I 81, I 8, J 77
l' Narratumis initium (§§ 300-301) 143
D' C()nce.1.1·1(0 § § I 8(, l 1)4) . . . . .. 78
2' Narratwnis medium ( §§ 302-306) . . . . . . 144
[' {JUr}.!,U(/(Ol' rror, C{l.\'U.\, 1/l'CL'.\.\'/((JS, ()/,//V/()). (SS 187 191) 78
'd ,, a' res (§§ 303-305) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
2 eprecat w ( § § I <)2 I ')4) . . . . . . . . . . 79
b' verha (§§ 306) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
E' quanlltas ( § [ 95) . · 81
f3) 3' Narrationis/inis (§ 307) ......................... 145
i'ars ne}.!,otwl,s ( 9 191,) 81
B' Utilitas (§ 308) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
dJ:\'tutus trunslutioms (§ 197) 82
2 II' Quantum opus est(§§ 309-314) ..................... 146
· ,\tutus }.!,<'nerisle J.!.ult.1( §§ 198 223) 84
A' Narralio aperta (§§ 310-311) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
a)Scripturn et voluntus(§§ 214 217) . 92
B' Narratio probabilis (§ 312) ....................... 147
bJ l.eges contrariae (§§ 218-220) ... 93
c) Syllogi.1rnus ( § 221 J ..... 95 C'Narratioornata(§§313-314) .................. 147
P)
dJ Arnhigwtas ( §§ 222-221) 96 Narratio aper/a(§§ 315-321) ....................... 148
I'Res(§§316-319)....................... 149
B. ( ienu.1· deliheru11vurn ( §§ 224-238) . 97
1. ,\'talus comecturae ( § 231) . 98 A'Ordo(§317)... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 149
IX
VIII
2' certae re, ampl1ficatw ( § 409) . . . . 195
ll' ,\'urru//tJ hr,·v11 ( ~ , 1X I 50
(., v I
y)Etemp/a(§§410-426) .. 196
1 rirrc1t1,, 1,r,,l,,1/,1/1\ ,·1 <,rn,11,11; \ J 11, 15()
II, I'(' rhu ( § § 12 !J 12 I J I 5 I I' /?es gesta(§§ 411---414) ... 196
11' Commemorat/0(§§ 415--418). . . 198
"()l 'NJ/aJrurcutt'rut,· (§§1,1:rUu,h u/,J/111 2(,',1 ' )j 1 •·" r, "' ·I\ J )I'5., .)1 Ill' /11d11ct10( §§ 419---421) 198
II') /Jc/,·uur<' ct 111,11·,·rt,·; •. , HJ l ;.i I I 'i5 IV' S1mtl11111J(o§ § 422---425) .. 200
Ii) V1rt11te.1a,.11u11111uc(§§1 \'i. \11,J 151> V' A 11cwr11as ( § 426) .. 202
2. Arg11me11t<1IIOIII\'Slr lllll'S ('( (§§ 427---428) .. 201
1 Narrutum1.1 111111 ( § 117 J J 57 \'/(/(1
3. Arg11111e111a1w11111s.m s (§ 429) . 201
4 Nurra11,m111}(1rtn (§§ 11X ,.1-:-, )57
4. Ar>-,'1IIIH'lll<l(IOpIIaIrSt es (§ 410). . 204
a) /1111111(m§ 1.1'JJ J'i7
D. l'eroratw (§§ 431-442) . . . . . . . 204
hJ/Jtgrt'.Hlfl(§§.14() l-12J )58
1. !)up/ex ratw perorat10111s (§§ 432---439) .. 205
c)'f'ran11111s(§§14.l l-17J 15')
a) Recap1111/at10 (§§ 434---435) . . . . . 206
C Arg11mentat1u(§§1,IX ,1l!JJ )(JO
b) Affi'ctus (§§ 436---439)... . 206
I l'rohu11,,m,m genera(§~ 1'i(J -1:'1,J )(,)
a) !mitgnat/0 (§ 438) . . . . . . . 207
aJ(iem1.1 mart1/1<w/c(§§ l'il \'i-lJ )62
P)
Conquestio (§ 439) . . . . . . . . . 207
bj ( ienus art1/1ctafr ( §§ l'i'i -UIJJ )6.1
2. f'erorat10111s v1rt11tes et ,·1tl(1( § 440) . . . . . . . . 208
a) S1gna (§§ 15X V,'iJ )65
3. I'<r' oratum1s 11.ms ( § § 44 1---442 ) . 208
I' I ,','1gna nccc.1 rnr1<1( § § 11, I 11,2 J J 66
II') S1gna non m·u·.i.rnrw ( § § 11,, 11,'i J 166 II /)1spos1tio (§§ 443---452) . 209
A. ()rdo naturalis (§§ 447---451) . 213
[IJ Ari.:umenta (§§ 1(,(, 40'JJ )(,7
B. ()rcio art!ficl(1/is (§ 452) . . . . 214
I') Ualiflcma//u ( § § 11,7 17 2 J J 6 7
III. f:'/ocut/0 (§§ 453-1082)..... . . 215
ll')/.oc1(§§171 1'}')) )71
A. /:'/oc11tio11i.1v·i rtutes et vitia (§§ 458-1077) ................. 216
A' a persona ( § .17(,) J 74
1. /,atinitas ( §§ 463-527) ............................... 220
B'are(§§177 .l'}')) )76
a) in verhis singulis (§§ 475---495) ........................ 225
1'acausa(§§178 181) )77
a) Rarharolexis (§§ 476---478) .......................... 225
2'a/oco(§§182 184)... 180 P)
Rarharismus et metaplasmus (§§ 479---495) ............. 225
3' a tempore (§§ 185 189) . . . . 181
1' Rarharismus (metaplasmus) per adiectionem (§§ 481---486) 227
4' a modo (§§ 190). . 181
A' prothesis (§ 482) ............................... 227
5' afacultate (§ 191) . 184
B' epenthesis (§ 483) .............................. 227
6' afinitwne ( §§ 192 191) . . . . 184
C' paragoge (§ 484) ............................... 227
7'a.1imi/i(§194).... 186
D' ectasis (§ 485) ................................. 227
8' a comparatione (§§ 195 197) 187
E' diaeresis(§ 486) ................................ 228
9'afictione(§398)....... . . · · · .... 189
II' Barharismus (metaplasmus) per detractionem (§§487---493) 228
, 1O ' a circ11mstantia ( § 199) . . . .. : : 189
A' aphaeresis (§ 488) .............................. 228
Ill ) Amp/ificatio (§§ 400-409) . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
B' syncope(§ 489) ................................ 228
A' Genera ampliflcatioms (§§ 401---406) . . . . . . 190
C' apocope (§ 490) ................................ 229
I' increment11m (§§ 402---403) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
D' systole(§ 491) ................................. 229
2' comparatio (§§ 404) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )91
3' . . . ...... .
E' synizesis (§ 492) ................................ 230
rat1ocmatio (§ 405) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
4' ...... .
F' synaloephe (§ 493) .............................. 230
congeries(§ 406) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
III' Barbarismus (metap/asmus) per transmutationem (§ 494) . 231
B' Loci communes(§§ 407---409) ............. · · · · .... 193
IV' Barbarismus (metaplasmus) per immutationem (§ 495) .. 231
1' dubiae rei ampliflcatio (§ 408) ........... ::::::: .. 193
XI
. 275
I" ge111111a1w(§ § 616-618)
t,J ,,1\ 'cr/J/\ ( ,,,111111( IJ\ t ~.: ·1'1f. ', 2..•2, ~ II" rccl11p/1cu1w (§§ 619-622) . 277
1
. ... 279
ar sJ S..n..lI n n 11111111 '" ho, 11·/ ) · /1( . I . 1/,li<:" 1 (;;11;, "'I~. <1,' <11; I ~ llI'l l" grucla110 (§§ 623 (,2-t) .. . 280
•. . ) ,1\'tJ I tJl'<. 1,11111, f,c J1e111111 I '.1 1 . (Ii . lr11t to,,1;,·11i 1• : • <11.. t I ~2 ;·'5 5 repdition as a parenthesis: rcdd11w ( §§ 625-627) . 281
?():' "I( } ()( ( ,,,,,,,, f\( }1,·111,1 1 I«, · r t,,1. 11\11IZ1/.1t;,,1i, -,,., , : <;1 1< 1 y' repetition at a distance ( § § 628-63-t) . 281
JJ ,') (}<' ()/ ('{ l.\/1111\ (\( j It , flit//,,,.,. llllllllJltJl;,,1;, '1i 1 .: : <11(1 <._' - J ~ ·' 5 I" ,maplwra ( § § 629- 630 .. . 283
III'\' ,)tJ It Jt'c. l\1111 f\c }1 , ,11 11/ I <l1 /•1·r;,,1rl, \ fil',Jf:,,,;;\ ':: 'I.' 'l-tl 2 .~.( 1 11" Cf'lf'hora ( § § 63 1 63 2) . 28-t
. ,1 ,1,' ,,,,,, r,, ,,,.,,,,,,,,, ,,,.,· (Ji, i,/1·.1 1/LJ; ,:1(;;·;~, ,,r,J/,•,11J/\ III" C0/1/f'lt'XIO (§§ 633 63-t)
(~~ 515 527) b' repetition of words with relaxed word-equivalence
285
,•"
Al'' \tJ/tJIt 'C /\//Ill\(\ ' } ,, , ,,11111,,·r .;·,·,"·,-,,':: < 1,, , 1- t - ' (§§ 635-66-t)
2.,s
l .. .\() ()('( l\lllll\ (\ , J, , . ,11,11 ,,,·r ,1u111,·r,,, '·.: ,; IS ..;),. ' ) I ~,x a' relaxation of equivalence in the word fonn 285
( ' 1n/,w, 1,m 111 1 \t I 11 ,l llc/J ;•,·r 1 1/\ll\ ( • • .i;; l(J <..'I (§§ 636 656)
·'''
I), .\tJ/fJl'f I \11111 \ ( \( Jl t'llltlJ /11'/' /1'/ll/'til'tl • •( • •. .;. l 1 . <.I. 1 • ~ I" relaxation in the plwnetic composition . 285
f,, ' 1u/rwc /I 11111, (\t I 1,·111,11 ;,,.,. tn,11/,1, f ""'·.;.. . '.i . . . 'I 2 ,') £1/l/lOI/IIIWIIO (§§ (iJ7 639)
I· \,1/r1c·, l.\/1111\ (\r J1,·11 '.. • . I "'°'I ~ ·'l) II" relaxation in the intlection fonn: f'O/_l'f'lolon
., lilJ/tl 111/IJ/11//'i/lJ,1/Jc'lllf~ . 288
( I ' .\tJ/tJl'l l\/1111\ (\ { } /( ' 111,1; ,, .. ,. ,,,.,.\,1/}1/\ I. <;,,,II ' . 2-10 ( §§ 6-tO 6-t8) ....
11 ,o!u,·u,1111 r I . . 2-IO Ill" relaxation of the equivalence as regards the
2 /'(•r. I\ \t l('lllt/J I/It r1/J\'1'/l/1'll//(1'' I,~ <;,_l. . ) . 292
I/J/Clltla1 ( §§ 528 5 I 7) 2,1() word-fi.1nn as a whole: sr110111·111/(a§ § 6-t9-656)
aJ 111~ '£'rh1.1, 111;:11/11( 9:~5 12 5 ll, 1 2-1l J}' relaxntion of the equivalence of word-meaning
295
b) m Vl'rht.\ (()/1//111( II.\ ( § 5 ·17) 2-12 (§§ 657-66-t) . 295
1 Orn<Jlus ( §§ 5.18 I ()5,1 J 2-12 I" 1racl11c110( §§ 658 659)
. 296
aJ m V£'rhts smgu/1, (§§ 5-11 5'J8J 2-1-t II" d1sl111c110( §§ 660-662)
. 297
C1) Vocu/ II <JS ( § <;tj 2) 2-15 III" refll'xw (§§ 663-664)
. 298
flJ l,' n,1,nda1· · '" J vim .,1;:111/1,11 11d1r d111,1, ~ ~ s.1, s 2-t5 2' accumulation ( §§ 665-687) . 298
I Anll(/Wlu.1 ( § 5·1(, J . . '18) 2-16 a' co-ordinating accumulation ( §§ 666-6 7 5) ...
II' Ftclto (§§ 5'17 551 J 2-t6 a' accumulation in contact fonn: e1111111crmio
Ill' 'f'rnrn (§§ 552 5'J8J 2-t8 (§§ 669-674) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
P"
A' m£'l<J/Jlwru (§§ 558 5(,4) . 250 accumulation at a distance: dis1rih11110 (§ 675) . 302
n:.
I/IC'lonynll<J ( §§ 5(,5 5 71 ! 256 b' subordinating accumulation: Cf?llhe1011 ( § § 6 76-685) ... 303
C synC'cducJu, (§§ 572 577) . 260 c' !'olysyndelon (§§ 686-687) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
[)' l'lll[Jhus1s ( § 578J 262 B' Figurae [Jer dc1rac1io11c111( §§ 688-711). . . . . . . . . . . 307
E' hy{J£'rho!e ( § 57') J . 263 I' suspended delrac/io: e//1[Jsi.1·( §§ 690-691) . . . . . . . . 308
F' unlonomu.v1u ( §§ 580 581) . 264 2' bridge building de1rauio: zeugma(§§ 692-708) ... 309
G' trrmw (§§ 582 585) . 266 a' uncomplicated zeugma(§§ 697-699) . . . . . . . . 310
H' Ii/oles(§§ 586 588J . 268 b' complicated zeugma(§§ 700-708) ................ 3 I 1
J' [)Crt[Jhru.11.1 (§§ 589 598) 269 a' syntactically complicated zeugma(§§ 701-704) . . . 31 I
P'
b) in ~erh1.1·c omunclts (§§ 599 ,054 ) . 271 semantically complicated zeu!c,'lna( §§ 705-708) ..... 313
a) /<1gurae (§§ 600·910) .......... . 271 3' Asynde1on (§§ 709-711) ......................... 315
I' Fi}...'Urue eloculwm.1 ( §§ (,04-754) . . 273 C' Fit-,rurae f?Cr ordinem ( § § 712- 7 54) ................. 3 16
A' F1gurue {)er udteclwnem ( §§ 607 687) .. 274 I' Anas/rophe (§§ 713-715) ........................ 317
I' repetition ( §§ 608-(i64 J .......... . .. 274 2' Hyperhalon (§§ 716-718) ....................... 318
a' ~epetition of the same words(§§ 612-634) .• . 275 3' J.rncolon (§§ 719-754) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
a repet1t1on m contact ( § § 615-624 J ... .. 275
XIII
XII
d' _lictu1 personae(§§ 826-829) .................... 369
a· t,h e h111•1w,JI c t i1Jtni·.:-:,, -.ii,,
c' expo/1110( §§ 830-842) . 372
t( cqualil\_ "' tl1c c t J J ;1 I • • - t J ~ , ' ex' eandem rem d,cendo (§§ 832-84 I) . . . . . . . . . . . .. 373
JfI"" 111,1,1,,1,1,"1(,) 1'I, ,·,',(tIJ c{IJ·/lJ, ·ut,,111 • t• •" .-" ·-1,., i ~ - -'I . l x~-' I" co111m11tandpor ommtiatwm•m (§ 834) . . . . . . . . 373
111" . . . ' ' II" comn11111111i<•t•iorh a( §§ 835-838) .............. 373
' ' /ltJ/'tJ//lf}("fJ\I\ f •. ... 'I I Ill" C0/11//IIIIOll<1irOc1 cta11011e(m§§ 839-841) . . . . 376
J, ' llllfl)IJt:I 1 ,f Lt ,l:1 I •. ... \;, I ll' cle eadem re d1cendo ( § 842) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 76
(·',r' lc111•tli "' the u ' I,·I 1·,. - •'. 1 I \ .~ (l r s11111/111(1§<§i o8 .J3-8.J7) . . . . 377
,"v/. 1(/1 L1Ltl<.'·. , rr., rrwcr11c11t , ,t tl IC. Li•.J1 1••'~,,~ ,, .1•1, \ .~t , g' m·er.Ho (§§ 848-851) .......................... 380
llI"w/ \Ill/It , (,/.t,J (;.•;1•. ~ .-,_'') . _., • I ,"' J .. ,~s 3' dialectic figures(§§ 852-857) . . . . . . . . . . 381
I ' 11111 1 1 .. 1' .1 I I ;; I a' COIIClfWIIO(§8 53) ........................... 381
' cor1ccrr1111i•t h.
II';.,., . c L1H1LcJ•lu;il L1111lc111 i.' -,,, '·' .s b' prc1eparc111(0§ § 854-855) .. 381
I . . -,.1,
i,111(/t' \1'/llt'IJ//1/1' ' •• ... {. (;, ( ·'' -"
;\' I· ' ' ' I I J J c' CO!IC('SS/(0§ 856) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
I' l'.l'IIIC', ,111c11tcd tCJw._·rr_dth·,e ;111d1c·11. '' -,s
IJ!Ufc..:·') c,f ;1<J,J,c...,f.•, .. i<i11 .,, c '-l.: • ~ --,,1 ·' \t, d' per1111ssw( § 857).......................... . 383
' I ' ,
I ' I ) -, ' 4' figures according to the four modification categories
a ""''' n111" I-~ 71,IJJ
(§§ 858-910)............................ . . 384
<~
I,' 1,,,·1111,1 71,I !
a' 1:1!--,'lirpaeer ad1ec11011t•m(§ § 859-879) ............ 384
2 C' llfHJ\//'()fJ/1(' ( ,\ S 71,) 'I ~
f ~ .'I ., •· I I , ex' 1111erposit1(0 § 860) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
,f i)'mcs of <111c\l1t111 (,.,, -., 71I1 ) 7-I I) J _1l ') P' s11h11ex1(0§ § 861-866) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
a, 1111,·rr";:1111"( ·-~~ 71, 7 77CJJ 1-10
y' aet,ologw (§§ 867-871) ..................... 387
I, 111" 1''' (/() ("'. , :.. 771 77 c' ) _1.11 o' sententia (§§ 872-879) ....................... 388
c'. dulJ1tull" ( :~:~7 71, 77XJ 1.1.1
b' Fi!--,'l1rapee r detractionem (§§ 880-889) ........... 392
d ('()//1//1/1/1/( I/(/() ( ~ 77'1) _1.1.1
ex' perc11rsio (§ 881) ............................ 392
ll' h' . . . .
I., ;'-c~1l1lr1cas1 1<t1Hcf1 i'g:=m1c1st cIdC( ~Jw~ a7rdXsI rilXe IJm7)a iler ( ,,s, 7 XO 'JIO) _1.15 P'p raeteritio (§§ 882-886) ...................... 393
_1.15
y' reticentia (§§ 887-889) ....................... 394
<bI /:1 11111"( 9 '/ X2) _1.5j
c' Figurae per transmutationem (§§ 890-892) ......... 397
crmcil1a1," ( § 78.1) . _1.(J,
d' Figurae per imm11tationem (§§ 893-910) ........... 397
c. c"rrec//" (§§ 7Xt\ 78(,) _1.(j,
ex' a//egoria (§§ 895-901) ....................... 398
d ~nt/1/l('f()n (§§ 787 807). . _149 P'
ironia (§§ 902-904) .......................... 403
ex ~y11tactic ra11ge (§§ 78<) 7<)(,J . _150
y' emphasis(§§ 905-906) ....................... 407
l" srngle words ( §§ 7'JO 792 ) . _150 o' synecdoche (§§ 907-908) ..................... 409
II word groups ( § 7') 3)
351
e' hyperbole(§§ 909-910) ....................... 410
1(1" sentences(§§ 794 7')(,) 352 P)
P Compositio (§§ 911-1054) .......................... 411
~pecial figures ( § § 797 807)
. 352
I' the sentence whole(§§ 912-947) .................... 412
I" regressio ( § § 798 799) . __ 353
A' oratio so/uta (§§ 916-920) ....................... 412
II commututw ( §§ 800 803) 354
B' oratio perpetua (§§ 921-922) ..................... 413
III".,d1stinct10 (§§ 804 805) _.
357
C' periodus (§§ 923-947) .......................... 414
IV suh1eclw (§ 806) ... __
357
I' periodi partes (§§ 925-940) ..................... 416
V" oxymoron ( § 807 J ... . 358
a' colon(§§ 928-934) ........................... 417
2' ;motive figures(§§ 808-85!).
358
b' comma(§§ 935-940) .......................... 420
a exclamalio (§809) .... _ .
........... 358
2:periodorumgenera(§§ 941-944) ................. 423
b' evidentia (§§ 810-819) ..• ·
. 359
c ' sermoctn. alto ( §§ 820-825) 3 periodorum usus (§§ 945-947) ................... 423
.. 366
XIV X\'
11' word order ( ·(:. ~ 'J·IX I ri,.1 1 .12~ i-:" dau,ailac with llllt: short syllabic before the
/\' orilo (~Ii 1J'i1J-'J'i1J .12~ tinal s,llable (§~ 1030 1032)
H' 1111/lt uru (;; 'J'i-1 •1-,,1 .12- I]" dausuiac ,, 1th a long penultimate syllabic
I' whole words(~\·')'(, •,,;,; .12- ,;,; 10,, 1051) ........................ 454
1, 1 (~' ..
2' parts of word, (; -~1 11 •1-1, 1 .i~s ,\·.: dausulae ,, 1th ti,e long syllables before the
a' sylbhlcs ( ', ~ 'H,IJ 111,,1 .i 2 S tinal s,llablc l§ 1034) · · · · ... 454
a' syllabic q11a11t1t\r , •11, I J .s2 S B,, clau~ulae ,, 1th t~iur long syllables before the
ll'
syllahlc contact (; :: 'JI,/ 'H,-11 .i2s final s, IIa ble ( §§ I 035 -I 036)
·( homonymv of ,yllal,lc, r; 111,, 1 .1~ '} c" clau~ulac ,, ith three long syllables before the
I,' S<HIIHls( :~· } <)(,(, 1)7( 1 j .1,0 final ,,liable(§§ 1037- 1038) .. 454
a' \<HuHJ\ 111 L<JJ1laLt p1,<,1t1,,11, .~ ~ 1Jt, ... 'J ... ; 1 .L\O [)" clau~ulae ,,11h tw,1 l,lllg syllables before the
. 455
I" .,1r11, t11r,1 ,1\/Jt'r,1 ( ~· 'Jf,X, . .110 final ,,liable ( §§ I 039 I 040)
rI~I" ' .,tr11, tur,1111 11/, 1/, •• ~ 1Jf,'J iJ-:;, 1 .1, I i-:" clau;ulac with llllC l,lllg syllable before the
\lJlJfJ<J<.; <HJl',ldl: <1f Lt11ildl'l pt1·,1t1111} ( ~--" 1) .... l 1) ... f,) .1.,2 final s,llable (~~ 1041--1051) . 455
('' 1/11///('rll\ ( :'i:'i' J77 f (j<,.j J '' .1.,. 1 I " clat;sulac ,, ith fi,·e short syllables before a
I' Iii< lm,.,11/11 ( -~~ 'JX'i J r1'i.! J .1 ,x penultimate long syllable(§ I 042) ....... . ... 455
a' pru1c1plc, of Lla11·,11la-f<1n11at1<>~.1~1 111 •1r1 •1•1- 1 .1,1() 2" clausulae with four short syllables bctore a
a' a11t1111ctr1<.p:a1l1 11c1plc( ~:~ •111 J 'l'J; 1 .1.1() penultimate long syllable(§ 1043) ... : ........ 455
II' pr111c1plc <>fv a11at1<11(1 I i~ '1'1,I 'I'll, .1.1I 1" clausulae with three short syllables bctorc a
1
y' braking JJJIIIClplc ( ~ '1'17) .1.1I - penultimate long syllable(§ I 044) .. : . . . . . ... 456
h' parts of the cla11,11la ( ~~ 'l'IX ()(J'i J .1.12 4" clausulae with t,ni short syllables bet ore a
J
a' /)('i/,..1 < Ii Ii 'J'J'J I (Jl1 I I ,1,12 penultimate long syllable(§§ 1045-1?47) ...... 456
II' V('rhu (99 J(J(J2 J()(J'i) .1.14 5" c,;lausulac with one short syllabic before the long
c' typcs of clausulac ( §Ii I 001, I ()'i I I -145 penultimate syllable(§§ 1048-105_0) .......... 456
,,.,.1,,
a' clausulac bcg1n111ng with a 11.1 (Ii§ 1007 10~ I J 446 6" clausulae with only a long pcnultnnate syllable
I" cre11cr,1 ' w1u srlluhu (9§ IOOX JOIOJ 446 (~1051) ........................... . . 457
II" cre//c/1.\ 1 dww s,nuhu(' (Ii§ IOI I IOI 7 J . 447 d' from.the clausula to the medieval cursus (§ 1052) ... 457
/\" cret1c11s + .1po1lll<'t1.I' (chorn,.1) ( §§ I() 12 I() J <,) 447 2' Ill i11it1i.1(§· 1053) . 458
B" cret 1c11s I w111h11.1( ·I i IOI 7) .. 449 y 111111ed11s(§1 054) ... , ..... , ......... , . . . 459
Ill" cret1c11.1 1 lr<'.I svlluhue (Ii§ IOJX 1021) .•. 449 4 . AJJ/UIII (SS 1055-1062) , ... ·., · · · · · · · ·....... . 4604
of ~~
ll' catalog clausulac according to thc quantity of 5. Villa(§§ 1063-1077) .. · · · · · · · . 46
thc pcnult1matc syllabic ( Ii§ I 022 I 051) ... 451 a) errors against /,atimtas (§ 1066) . 465
I' clausulac with a short pcnultimatc syllabic b) errors againstpersptcuitas (§§ 1067-1070) ....... , ....... 465
(§§ 1023 1032) . 451 c) errors against ornatus (§§ 1071-1073) ..... , ............ 467
A" clausulac with fivc short syllablcs before the d) errors against the ap11111(1 § § I 074-1077) . , .............. 469
final syllable (§ I 024) . . .............. 45 l B. J:'/ocutwnis genera(§§ 1078-1082) ... , .... , ....... , ..... 471
B" clausulae with four short syllables before the JV. Memoria (§§ 1083-1090) ..... , · · · ..................... 478
final syllable ( § I 025) . . . 452 V. Pronuntiatio (§ 1091) ... ,, · · ·, · · · · · · · ·,.,. . . 480
C" clausulae with three short syllables before the Chapter Three: h~,ercitatio (§§ 1092-1150) ............ , , ....... 480
final syllable(§§ 1026-1028) . . . . . 452 I. .'.'crihendo (§§ 1093-1139) ...... · ..................... , .. 481
D" clausulae with two short syllables before the A. Verhasingula(§§ 1094-1096),, ....... ,, ....... ,., ..... 481
final syllable ( § I 029) ..... 452 B. Verba coniuncta (§§ 1097-1139) .............. , , ........ 482
XVI X\'11
I l'crl<'rt' ( iraC< tJ 111 f.ll/11111111 ( ~ I (J'IS I I') extent(§§ 1192-1198). . 519
2 /'arl1J1hru.111 (~-~ l(J'J'J I l<i,, II') unity ( § § 1199-120 I) ... 523
1 /'/11nh11s m"d" lrc1, lc1r" r \ ·; 11< 1.1 11 ,•1. , -18-1 II) s11uatlllnal timel ion ( §§ l 202-1205) .... 523
aJ/uhu/a(~!ill<i7 llllii -18(> y) degrees of c,imphcallon ( §§ 1206-1215) . . .. 51-1
bJ ,wrral1t, ( §:~ 1111 I I liq -18(> I') s1111plca ct1,m ( § 1208) ... 51-1
cJclirw(!i!i 1117 112<!) -I 8'1 II') complicated ac.:tion (§§ 1209-1215) .... . 535
<lJ ,,·111e1111a I Ii I 121 ! -1'1· ' A') f'<'rlf'<'ll'i<I ( § 1212) ... 535
CJ r,·/11lu/1u ( § § I 122 I 12 'i I -1') ·' B ·) ,111,1g11or1s1(s § § 12 l.'l-1215) .. 536
j J /r}( II.\ 1 (Jll/ll/111/1\ ( .··,.'. , 11. 1.1 ) 11: ,s ) -1< )-1 o) plaus1bil1ty (§§ 1216 1218) ......... 538
gJ lw11 (§ I 12'JJ -1')' i:) effect(§§ 1219 -1225) .. 539
h J cr,1111"1rlllllJ I Ii I I ,ciJ -1')' b) Character ( §§ 122(, 12:10). .. . 5-1-1
IJ 111111"" 11wl1" I§:~ 11 'l I 11121 ,I <I' i c) Ideas ( § 12> I) .... 5-16
k J ill'ICrl/1//(J ( Ii I I\\ J -1< )(, d) Language(§§ 12:12--12-11).. ... . . 5-16
IJ i/w,11 I§§ 11 ,,1 11 'l8J -1'17 a) word theory(§§ I2J.'l-1237) .. . . .. 5-16
Ill J lcg1s Ill//() ( § I I 'l'J) -1'18 l') explanation of meaning ( § 123-1) ... . .. 5-16
II l.l'genrl" I§§ I I '10 I I '1·1J -I' l'I 11') degrees of familiarity(§§ 1235-1237) . 5-17
/\ l.,·c1," I§§ I I '11 I I •12 -I' l'J ll) l'1r111s theory(§§ 1238-12-11) ............ 548
ll !11111u11u (§§ 11'11 11,1'1) -1'l 'I 3. Minor genres(§ 1242). . ........ 550
, 111_!J u<'ndu (§§ I ltl'i 11 'i(JJ 'iOO
/rl
1 _l_wo /J<' ur11fiu· (§§ 11 'i I 11' i-1) 502 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPII\' (§ 1243) .... 555
I art I hrcc / J<' oiwn· ( §§ I I 'i 'i) 5( ). \ Main Bibliography(§ 12-13) 556
Additional Bibliography on Dialectics and Dialogical Technique
Poetics(§§ 115(, 12'12) 50-l (§ 1247) . . . . . . . . . . . 591
I. Mimetic Media ( § 9 I I (,2 1 11,, J 506 Additional Bibliography on Literary Interpretation(§ 1267) ....... 592
11. Objects ofMi111csis (§§ 11(,'1 111,'iJ 50<J Additional Bibliography on Humor ( § 1274) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Ill. Krnds ofMi111cs1s (§§ 11(1( 1 12'12) .. 510 Additional Bibliography on Tropes in General, Metaphors, and Allegory
/\. Degrees ofC0111nlctc11css·. K~1"'"l' .KWJ1ov, Ka~i,>..01, (§ 1293) . . . . . . 593
I' ~Ii
(§§ 11(,7 1170) ...... . 510 Additional Bibliography on Poetics(§ 1320) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 594
B · Degrees of Dircct11css ( § § I I 7 I 124 I J . 512
I. Narration(§§ 1172 -1184) 512 INDEX OF TERMS(§§ 1244-1246) .......................... 597
a) Plot(§§ 11761181) ... 513 I. Latin ( § 1244) ........................................ 597
a)extentandunity(§ 1177) .. .. 514 2. Greek(§ 1245) ........................................ 805
~) functions of the situation(§ 1178) . 514 3. French(§ 1246) ....................................... 845
Y) degrees of complication ( § I I 79) . 514
0) plausibility(§ 1180) 515
c) effect ( § I 18 I) ... 515
Note:
b) Character ( § 1182) 516 The supplementaiy paragraphs(§§ 1247-1326) from the second Gennan edition
c) Ideas(§ 1183) .... . . . 516 are incorporated in this edition at appropriate points in the text.
d) Language ( § 1184)
. . . . 516
2- Drama(§§ 1185-1241) ....... . . 516
a) Plot(§§ 1188-1225) ........ . . .. 518
a) extent and unity(§§ 1191-1201) 519
FORE\VORD
Grorgr :\. h:rnnrdy
111l hi: si:c.:onJ half of 1hi: 1wi:nli.:1h c.::nlury, scholars. of who111 lkinrich
l .aush.::rg was a Jisl111gu1sh.::J .::xampl.::. hav.:: r.:Jisclw.::r.::J rh.::loric as a
svs1<.:111a11dc1.s: c.:ipl1111.:h a1 shap.::J hl.::rary composition frnn1 classic.:al antiquity
lo thi: mod.::m p.::rwd It also intlu.::nc.::d r.::ad.::rs· ri:.::i:plion of texts in that
sluJy of rhc.:lonc in schools anJ uni,·.::rsiti.::s established .::xpectations of
1nvcnlion, arrang.::11.1::nt. and esp.::c.:ially styl.::. familiar to anyone with an
cJucalmn III th.:: lib.::ral ans. Great lil.::rature is ne\'er a 111.::chanicala pplication
of rules, but at least until the romantic period th.:: anistry of literary
composition was ofll!n thouchl of as th.:: creativ.:: i111itation. emulation. and
varialion of treatment within the c.:onwntions of each genre. Classical
rhetoric.:, and ils medi.::val anJ renaissance restate111ents. provides thi: modem
critic wilh a detailed structure and tenninolo1,.')' to describe this an and an
cnlrc into how writers and readers of1he past regarded language use.
MaJor tcxls for understanding the 1raditional system of rhetoric include
wrilings by Aristotle, Cicero, mid Quintilian. but oflen the textbooks of the
schools were practical manuals that laid out how to write a speech, a letter, or
a poem Many have survived in Greek, Latin, and early modem languages
and are impo11ant sources for a full understanding of the tradition. Collections
of some of them were published as early as the Aldine Rhelores Ciraeci of
I 508, and dictionaries of tropes and figures appeared in the early modem
period: the best known are Emesti's J,exica Technologica of 1795-1797. The
first attempt, however, at a comprehensive survey of the sources was
published by Richard Volkmann in 1874 under the title J)fe Rhelorik der
(iriechen und Romer in sys/emalischer Ohersich1. A revised and enlarged
edition appeared in 1885 and was later reprinted as pan of Mueller's
Handhuch der Allerlumswissenscha/i. In 1974 Josef Manin 's Anlike
Rhelorik was substituted for Volkmann's treat111ent in the Handhuch (vol. 2,
part 3 ), but it has not proved entirely satisfactory.
Fortunately, Heinrich Lausberg had in 1960 published the first edition of
his fine Handhuch der lilerarischen Rhelorik, in which, as he explained in
the Foreword, classical rhetoric is viewed as phenomena which present
themselves throughout the course of European literature. In addition to its
XXI
FOREWORD
xx f-<H tl \\ CJl l lJ fn d and he made
. 'Ju. Clllkagues. students, an d en S, ...
. I tl I I ' . . . . . . n · l 11,k the ad1111rat1<11an1d atkct1nn ol '..1111I ll l111guistics. philology, hterary cnt1c1sm.
more literary approac 1, 1c v1r1ta:, " ,1ih1>c1;• ·, ::.1•1.1.··.,. " 1 '
authors ' sour1 d J.U d gmcnt. 1h \\H Ic )1 1,t"r1c.1 I ,p,111. 11, ,k:11 .. q·,1111 I • ,111•l l · ;UI, 1 maJ()r C()l1tnhut1llJ1S Ill sch,1lar. I
i.t s extensiv.e I.I I d.i ces I .au, I 1crg ' , II 1111, JI• 11, I 1 Ii ;,s I 1cc11 the r dcr enc ·c · "• •rI ,. 1'' and rlu:tonc t I1 ·1, nnt 1l c.c, 11 pih·s ·i blc to update the bibliogrta phy1 b
been Jn th1, tran.,la11,111 1 • · . I . ll<1ndhuch Anl()ng many re.c_·.enP I .-
wrehciocmh meIn firdst1. 1l1ugr nIt tfoo r mlcyd 1\1l111uc j acl1 11h1 1,f11111rl< 1 1rc1,.a". 11 1f1 c arsh .. .u. t, 1rh11c\ i .!. ,1 .1..,. ·~ ...u i1,I, ,r I •I'" 1 ;1-,re ri11rt, rhcc:1fct :r1r0cd1 1,t oth e1:1 11t1 I 111cs<t: I1 ,J1~1,·1 ' p1rc,.tl a !nit it, 1r1 "•1 k1. r1c1d:nt c1ee "(l'l r •,... . ., 1·l.r, t,h. .c ~ J/i{v1o., d·1ao r1a.n,,dh csF rIaI nozr-telr- 1u!, t1l e11 rh t
years. lt Ii as, I 1owcvc.:r, 11evcr atta111c,I 111I I 1c I ·11;-I 1.h- .pc.,l-111;· "''', I I the ,t;i!II·SI ' . . - l h: UH! ,rc~L "'" .
,kr Uh,·tonk. edited hy t,ert N '· .,--r- Y··rh•• in Tiibingen. The first
1
of a basic rcli.:re11cc loo) that 11 dc.:,cr,c·, I l11h the ,11•pc.11.u1eT ,ii ;in l·n)-'.l" I1 . r,h. x ic:mc c ~ ' ,,. I d
Rohhnµ and published ~ '· . · · , ci••ht volumes arc schcdu c at
translation 1s a happy event fur rhct1>11t.al ·,1ud1c·, I 11 I 'J'r ·111dt he: n::111,1111g1 11 ,,. I H In > Jk o(
volume: ;1ppc:arc:, 1 - ' . ( J 997) published a usefu all, '' ·
1
tw11-vcar mter.als Brill has recent ~ . I'. I ( 130 H(. .·I{) .JOO}, edited by
It may 111tcrcst reader, lo lcarn ',"r11clh11w al><•ul I lc-1111,I1.• I ;111,1><':·r,f : · 1J1 , JI ·//clllSII< 'r,()( - • , _
career. I never knew 11111p1c r,011allv, liul 1hr1111)'ht he ~1111l11c•,1, 111 11, t.r I c· 11.J1 )r <S ·1!a·:., .,l1'(n)1r/t er Nhc/1Jo1r<1·<l 'r·1, ·1s1,· 11' 1 .\ ' 1' ,1I, ' ,· o·f . . ,, '.'· d· JIO BI < I rH,. .,l1lm11e1r1 11( Hreivs.t oreidcna,l Ua1111· d1v (e r0s1.1 1t1y, mo f
/\lcxandru Cizek Ill Mllll\lcr I wa, put III tlluch "11'1 l'r .. t ))r :\111<>ld :\rL'IIS It· I bv \\ nulrc · : · ·d three
in Padcrborn, who kucw l'rofcssor L1u·.licq.> "di ;i d "h., p111>i1,hcd ,·in pnnllT Uhl'for1c. e, I c1 . . 11 ·11· •nphical source. I have re, isc .
aupnpdr!c.1<t.e.:.r1 aa1.t 11v1crr er11c11 inr1 ,l,'.rN 1IJa < ,f (' vI1 o1l 112111 110. -,l rp,p I , ,,.If-u~r,, ,,,I , .\/.t l( I 1111111 1( I l.,. 11,·11,·r,·11 · ,., .,.,, , 1, .. eMP·'r1 1ersshsse oru n hI <ooJP<krJes. )s\.s .1 T1h1I.e '. JI< .Jl\(1'· ) 1).1 .k1 1'm '· I·aI1 t11 u·, ·m1 s·, d, ,1uTa· l oS.f •I oI. c(l 1..1w c•t 1g1v·'. · ·.', '1. -1" - Io· i r•i , tUth' h,hc ee t1Ho1ni1sct1o arr(ytP·c rrilnovcfj o ·e utRornnha el,t oUrUi c11· ,,1· e 1t<\oIc>J nO r·c sI·a1d - tsv
llci11rich l.aushcrg was horn 011 < Jct11l,c.:r I 1. i 'J 1.1. 111, \. 1d 1c11 I le ,tudici: conµrc·s scs at two-~ .c .,.l r 1· 111c · r.·als . and .p u l· •1 ·' t Jes ' · ·
romance philology a11d l11do-Luropca11 h11g11is11c, 111 )l., 11111 1• J'\.:'-1 l I ;Jiil . . . . , ·ts lll the ,u 1lJ c1: ·
with art1des on mam ,ispct: ·
Ti.ibingcn (1')33-37) a11d co111plc1cd a d1sscrt;it1011 on the diale1:ts 11fs c>1rthem
Italy in I 'JJ'J. Fro,;1 I 'J.1') lo I 'J.11 he was 011 the.: staff of the I},o,mn'-'
l.inguue f.utmue in Munich and from I 'J.11 to I '>·I~ ,c1 vcd 111 the < ;cnn,an
army, fi rst on the Russ1.a 11 f·r o.n t. then 111I layI . w I1 crc I1 c was tal;c11 pr· i s.< , ner 1:"
t Il e /\II 1. es. I n I 3onn he studie.d wllh 1··.1 < ('. urt111s, w I Ill c111:011.r ,1,cid; )us
. . I . l. I 1111entas
mtcrests m r 1ctonc am alter the war was 111stru111c11ta1 11l 11s app()lll . f
lecturer in Italian there i11 I'M(,. ln I 'J'1'J he was called to a prokssnrsl 11P ~~
romance philology at the !Jnivcrs1ty of M011stcr. where he remained for nHIC '.
11
of his career, primarily teaching medieval and modern l'rc11d1 litera111rc.
.i;
pu bi1· sI 1 cd a serie· s o 1· cnt·1 ·c a J m· terpretatwn· s o f. V a Ic ·r y, (' amus. a ml oth·eJr
F- rench writ. ers and works on pl11. lology, m. cl11d111g Nu11w111scf1c ·\ ' P /'(/( 1-
wissenscha1 ( 1956) .
.1• · et to
Throughout his career however Professor La us berg cont i1111eda pro JC .
. . ' , . d
HI
provide students wJth much-needed access to rhetorical theory. Alrea Y k
Bonn in 1949 he had published a short !,lemente cler literarischcn RhefOrl
. . l ·1 I . of the
as an mtroductton for students of romance P 11 o Oh'Y; a new verston .
1
F.lemente appeared in 1963, expanded for use by students of class~cal '
. . M I ·1 I . . of tie
romance, English and German pl11loloh'Y eanw 11 e, t 1e first ed11ton . d
Handhuch der literarische11 Rhetorik was published in 1960, with a revise
second edition in 1973. . d
In 1972 Professor Lausberg surprised h t·s f n·e nds - and, he c Ia une '
himself - by retiring from his chair in Munster and moving to Paderbom 1~~
develop a program in romance languages at the new Padagogisc
II
Hoehschule there. He died April 11, I 992 after a long illness. From ~
accounts, he was a man of learning, culture, and wit who inspired tie