Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications, Volume 1: Lasers: Principles and Operations

563 Pages·2021·30.556 MB·English

by  Chunlei Guo (editor), Subhash Chandra Singh (editor)

Handbook of Laser Technology and
Applications
Handbook of Laser Technology and Applications
Lasers: Principles and Operations (Volume One)
Second Edition
Lasers Design and Laser Systems (Volume Two)
Second Edition
Lasers Application: Material Processing and Spectroscopy (Volume Three)
Second Edition
Laser Applications: Medical, Metrology and Communication (Volume Four)
Second Edition
Handbook of Laser Technology and
Applications
Lasers: Principles and Operations (Volume One)
Second Edition
Edited by
Chunlei Guo
Subhash Chandra Singh
Second edition published 2021
by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
and by CRC Press
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
First edition published by IOP Publishing 2004
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Te right of Chunlei Guo and Subhash Chandra Singh to be identifed as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their
individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Reasonable eforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the
validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. Te authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material
reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright
material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microflming, and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance
Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact
[email protected]
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks and are used only for identifcation and explanation
without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Guo, Chunlei, editor. | Singh, Subhash Chandra, editor.
Title: Handbook of laser technology and applications : four volume set /
[edited by] Chunlei Guo and Subhash Chandra Singh.
Description: 2nd edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021- |
Series: Handbook of laser technology and applications | Includes bibliographical
references and index. | Contents: v. 1. Lasers: principles and operations —
v. 2. Laser design and laser systems — v. 3. Lasers applications: materials processing —
v. 4. Laser applications: medical, metrology a [?].
Identifers: LCCN 2020037189 (print) | LCCN 2020037190 (ebook) |
ISBN 9781138032613 (v. 1 ; hardback) | ISBN 9781138032620 (v. 2 ; hardback) |
ISBN 9781138033320 (v. 3 ; hardback) | ISBN 9780367649173 (v. 4 ; hardback) |
ISBN 9781138196575 (hardback) | ISBN 9781315389561 (v. 1 ; ebook) |
ISBN 9781003127130 (v. 2 ; ebook) | ISBN 9781315310855 (v. 3 ; ebook) |
ISBN 9781003130123 (v. 4 ; ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Lasers.
Classifcation: LCC TK7871.3 .H25 2021 (print) | LCC TK7871.3 (ebook) |
DDC 621.36/6—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037189
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020037190
ISBN: 9781138032613 (hbk)
ISBN: 9780367649692 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781315389561 (ebk)
Typeset in Times
by codeMantra
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................ix
Editors ............................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ..................................................................................................................................................................................xiii
1. Laser Principle: Section Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
Richard Shoemaker
2. Basic Laser Principles ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
Christopher C. Davis
3. Interference and Polarization ............................................................................................................................................. 51
Alan Rogers
4. Introduction to Numerical Analysis for Laser Systems ................................................................................................... 77
George Lawrence
5. Optical Cavities: Free-Space Laser Resonators ................................................................................................................ 97
Robert C. Eckardt
6. Optical Cavities: Waveguide Laser Resonators .............................................................................................................. 121
Chris Hill
7. Nonlinear Optics ................................................................................................................................................................ 135
Orad Reshef and Robert W. Boyd
8. Laser Beam Control ........................................................................................................................................................... 153
Jacky Byatt
9. Optical Detection and Noise ...............................................................................................................................................171
Gerald Buller and Jason Smith
10. Laser Safety ........................................................................................................................................................................ 189
J. Michael Green and Karl Schulmeister
11. Optical Components: Section Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 205
Julian Jones
12. Optical Components........................................................................................................................................................... 207
Leo H. J. F. Beckmann
13. Optical Control Elements ...................................................................................................................................................219
Alan Greenaway
14. Adaptive Optics and Phase Conjugate Refectors ........................................................................................................... 227
Michael J. Damzen and Carl Paterson
15. Opto-mechanical Parts ...................................................................................................................................................... 233
Frank Luecke
v
vi Contents
16. Optical Pulse Generation: Section Introduction ............................................................................................................. 239
Clive Ireland
17. Quasi-cw and Modulated Beams ...................................................................................................................................... 241
K. Washio
18. Short Pulses ........................................................................................................................................................................ 247
Andreas Ostendorf
19. Ultrashort Pulses ................................................................................................................................................................ 259
Derryck T. Reid
20. Mode-locking Techniques and Principles ........................................................................................................................ 289
Rüdiger Paschotta
21. Attosecond Metrology ........................................................................................................................................................ 307
Pierre Agostini, Andrew J. Piper, and Louis F. DiMauro
22. Chirped Pulse Amplifcation ............................................................................................................................................. 321
Donna Strickland
23. Optical Parametric Devices ................................................................................................................................................331
M. Ebrahimzadeh
24. Optical Parametric Chirped-Pulse Amplifcation (OPCPA) ......................................................................................... 363
László Veisz
25. Laser Beam Delivery: Section Introduction .................................................................................................................... 383
Julian Jones
26. Basic Principles .................................................................................................................................................................. 385
D. P. Hand
27. Free-space Optics ............................................................................................................................................................... 391
Leo H. J. F. Beckmann
28. Optical Waveguide Theory .................................................................................................................................................417
George Stewart
29. Fibre Optic Beam Delivery ................................................................................................................................................ 435
D. P. Hand
30. Positioning and Scanning Systems ................................................................................................................................... 445
Jürgen Koch
31. Laser Beam Measurement: Section Introduction ........................................................................................................... 459
Julian Jones
32. Beam Propagation .............................................................................................................................................................. 461
B. A. Ward
33. Laser Beam Management Detectors ................................................................................................................................ 467
Alexander O. Goushcha and Bernd Tabbert
34. Laser Energy and Power Measurement ........................................................................................................................... 479
Robert K. Tyson
Contents vii
35. Irradiance and Phase Distribution Measurement .......................................................................................................... 483
B. Schäfer
36. The Measurement of Ultrashort Laser Pulses ................................................................................................................ 487
Rick Trebino, Rana Jafari, Peeter Piksarv, Pamela Bowlan, Heli Valtna-Lukner, Peeter Saari,
Zhe Guang, and Günter Steinmeyer
Index ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 537

Preface
This updated Handbook comes at the time when the world just As the laser shines in modern applications, we added a large
celebrated the 60th anniversary of the laser. Compared to most number of new chapters refecting the most recent advance-
felds in science and technology, the laser is still a relatively ments in laser technologies. Throughout the Handbook,
young one, but its developments have been astonishing. Today, entirely new sections were added, including sections on mate-
hardly any area of modern life is left untouched by lasers, so rials processing, laser spectroscopy and lasers in imaging and
it is almost impossible to provide a complete account of this communications. Nearly all chapters in these sections are
subject. either entirely new or substantially revised. On the other hand,
As challenging as it is, this updated Handbook attempts to some of the topics previously included have seen dwindling
provide a comprehensive coverage on modern laser technology relevance today. We had to make the hard decision to let go of
and applications, including recent advancements and state-of- some of these outdated chapters from the frst edition. Despite
the-art research and developments. The main goal of develop- these deletions, this new Handbook still grows signifcantly
ing this Handbook is to provide both an overview and details from the original three volumes to the current four volumes.
of ever-expanding technologies and applications in lasers. Bringing this large project to its conclusion is the collec-
We want this Handbook to be useful for both newcomers tive efforts of many individuals. It began with the encourage-
and experts in lasers. To meet these goals, the chapters in this ment and guidance of Lu Han, the then managing editor of
Handbook are typically developed in a style that does not this Handbook. I know how much Lu cared about this proj-
require advanced mathematical tools. On the other hand, they ect. I still remember an initial phone call with Lu, we fnished
are written by the experts in each area so that the most impor- it at a late afternoon past 5 p.m. Over the phone, I was told
tant concepts and developments are covered. that I would receive the frst edition of this Handbook. To my
The frst edition of the Handbook was released in 2003. It surprise, I had the handbooks in my hand the next morning.
has been hugely popular and ranked as one of the top ten most At CRC press, this project was later passed onto Carolina
referenced materials by the publisher. Eighteen years later, Antunes and fnally to Lara Spieker, who has been essential in
although a relatively short period for many more established bringing this project to its conclusion.
scientifc felds, the Handbook has become outdated, and an Many people have provided me with indispensable help.
update is overdue. The rapid changes in lasers are certainly My co-editor, Subhash Chandra Singh, at the University of
reinforced by my own experience of teaching and researching Rochester, helped chart the layout of this new edition and
the subject in the Institute of Optics at University of Rochester. worked along with me throughout this project. Ying Zhang,
Flipping through my old lecture notes on lasers, I am often who was a senior editor at Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine
amazed at how much progress we have witnessed in this feld Mechanics, and Physics (CIOMP) in China, spent a half year
over the years. with us in Rochester, where his years of professional edito-
I am indebted to the editors of the frst edition, Colin Webb rial experience helped move this project forward signifcantly.
and Julian Jones, who brought this original Handbook into Lastly, my thanks go to Pavel Redkin of CIOMP, who made
existence. When I was asked to take over this second edi- signifcant contributions in communicating with the chapter
tion, it laid before me a daunting task of how to rejuvenate the authors and guiding them throughout the project. Additionally,
Handbook while keeping its original favour. Since many of my appreciation goes to Kai Davies, Sandeep K. Maurya, Xin
the fundamental principles of the laser are well established, Wei, and Wenting Sun for their help in this Handbook project.
we tried to honour the original authors by keeping the chap-
ters on fundamental concepts where possible. If a revision is Chunlei Guo
needed, we usually started by asking the original authors for Editor-in-Chief
the revision but if impossible, we brought in new authors to University of Rochester
revise these chapters.
ix