Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures PDF
Preview Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures
Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures This Handbook is dedicated to those who work in laboratories SECOND EDITION Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures Edited by S.8. Pal Universitlit U/m Abteilung für Innere Medizin I 0-7900 Ulm (Oonau) Federal Republic of Germany Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Handbook of laboratory health and safety measures. - 2nd. ed. 1. Great Britain. Laboratories. Safety aspects I. Pal, S. B. (Srikantha Bhushan) 1928-1989 ISBN 978-90-481-4032-9 ISBN 978-94-015-7897-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-7897-4 Copyright © 1990 by Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1990 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 2nd edition 1990 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any me ans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission from the publishers, Springer-Science+Business Media, B.Y. Laserprinter typeset by Martin Lister Publishing Services, Carnforth, Lancs. iv Contents Preface vii List of Contributors ix Notes on Contributors xiii 1 Organizing the design of a safe laboratory J.R. Robb 1 2 Electrical safety measures and standards for laboratory facilities and equipment in hospitals and laboratories E.J. Slater and D. Whelpton 13 3 Design of mechanical equipment for laboratory staff and patient safety P.Bowker 41 4 Handling of laboratory animals - including non-human primates T. Pendry 51 5 Health care of laboratory personnel A.E. Wright 71 6 Responsibilities of the Director of Laboratory Medicine for health and safety issues in the laboratory LD.Montoya 91 7 Health and safety hazards and precautions in chemical laboratories G.E. Chivers 101 8 Safety measures to be taken in a haematologicallaboratory W.L. Ruf! 139 9 Health hazards in microbiology CH. Collins 159 v HANDBOOK OF LABORATORY HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES 10 Safety measures in a cIinical chemistry laboratory l.H. Smith 189 11 Safety precautions in a clinical cytogenetics laboratory B. Czepulkowski 215 12 Safety measures to be taken in a botany laboratory M.P. Ramanujam 233 13 Safety measures to be taken in a zoology laboratory C.M. Chaturvedi 257 14 X-ray hazards - diagnostic and therapeutic R. G. Putney and N. W. Garvie 281 15 Precautions to be taken when working in an X-ray crystallography laboratory M.l. Mbzski and R.S. Osborn 315 16 Radiation protection in radionuclide investigations D.M. Taylor 327 17 Ultraviolet radiation safety B.L. Diffey 349 18 Hazards of using microwaves and radiofrequency radiation H.Moseley 397 19 Applications of ultrasound and their potential hazards A.R. Williams 427 20 Safety aspects of laboratory and cIinical nucIear magnetic resonance and magnetic fields MA. Foster 457 21 Laser safety A.L McKenzie 477 22 Precautions to be taken by field workers relating to specimens collected for final analysis in the laboratory G.E. Chivers and R. Toynton 497 23 Safety measures to be taken when moving to a new laboratory W.E. Green and D. Donaldson 527 Index 549 vi Preface During the past two decades, many books, governmental reports and regu lations on safety measures against chemieals, fire, microbiological and radioactive hazards in laboratories have been published from various coun tries. These topics have also been briefly discussed in books on laboratory planning and management. The application ofvarious scientific instruments based on different ionizing and non-ionizing radiations have brought new safety problems to the laboratory workers of today, irrespective of their scientific disciplines, be they medicine, natural or life sciences. However, no comprehensive laboratory handbook dealing with aIl these hazards, some of which are recently introduced, had so far been available in a single volume. Therefore, it was thought worthwhile to publish this Handbook on safety and health measures for laboratories, with contributions from several experts on these subjects. As this second edition of the Handbook, like the first edition, is a multiauthor volume, some duplication in conte nt among chapters is unavoidable in order to maintain the context of a chapter as weIl as make each chapter complete. An attempt has also been made to maintain the central theme, which is how to work in a laboratory with maximum possible environmental safety. Same chapters contained in the first volume have been updated for this second edition, and further chapters added, to make this volume even more comprehensive in dealing with aIl possible hazards in the laboratory. I am indebted to Dr Peter L. Clarke of Kluwer Academic Publishers, who has undertaken the publication of this volume and Mrs "M.R. Lingard-Pal for acting as an honorary editorial assistant. S.B. Pal 1989 vii List of Contributors P.Bowker B.L. DitTey Department of Orthopaedic Regional Medical Physics Mechanics Department University of Salfard Durharn Unit Salfard M5 4WT Dryburn Hospital UK Durharn DH1 5TW UK C.M. Cbaturvedi Department of Zoology D. Donaldson Banaras Hindu University Department of Pathology Varanasi 221005 East Surrey Hospital India Three Arch Road Redhill G.E. Cbivers Surrey RH1 5RH Centre far Continuing Vocational UK Education University of Sheffield M.A.Foster 65 Wilkinson Street Department of Biomedical Physics Sheffield SlO 2GJ and Bioengineering UK University of Aberdeen and Grampian Health Board C.H. Collins Faresterhill TheAshes Aberdeen AB9 2ZD Hadlow UK Kent TNll OAS UK N.W.Garvie Department of Radiology and B. Czepulkowski Nuclear Medicine Mediscript The London Hospital WillowEnd Whitechapel Hendon Wood Lane London E11BB London NW7 4HS UK UK ix LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS W.E. Green R.S.Osborn Oakwood Reactor Centre Orestan Lane Imperial College of Science Effingham Technology and Medicine Leatherhead Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road Surrey KT24 5SL Ascot UK Berks. SLS 7TE UK A.L. McKenzie Regional Medical Physics T. Pendry Department MRC Toxicology Unit Newcastle General Hospital Medical Research Council Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE4 6BE Laboratories UK Woodmansterne Road Carshalton MJ. Minski Surrey SM5 4EF Reactor Centre UK Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine R.G. Putney Silwood Park Department of Medical Physics Buckhurst Road The London Hospital Ascot Whitechapel Berks. SL5 7TE London EI lEB UK UK I.D. Montoya M.P. Ramanujam Affiliated Systems Carparation Department of Botany 1200 South Post Oak Boulevard Centre far Post-graduate Studies Suite 540 Pondicherry Houston India 605 008 TX 77056-3104 J. Robb USA The Douglass Group of H.Moseley Deloitte & Touche Department of Clinical Physics and 1200 Travis Suite 2400 Bio-engineering Houston West Scotland Health Boards TX 77002 11 West Graham Street USA Glasgow G4 9LF UK x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS W.L.RufT R. Toynton Clinical Laboratories Centre for Extension Studies Howard University Hospital Division of Contitming Education 2041 Georgia Avenue NW University of Sheffield Washington, DC 20060 85 Wilkinson Street USA Sheffield SlO 2GJ UK E.J. Slater Medical Physics Department D. Whelpton City Hospital Medical Physics and Hucknall Road Bioengineering Department Nottingham NG5 1PB Kings Mill Hospital UK Mansfield Road Sutton-in-Ashfield J. Smith Nottinghamshire NG17 4JL 74 Cranham Close UK Headless Cross Redditch A.R. Williams Worcs. B97 5AZ Department of Medical Biophysics UK University of Manchester Stopford Building D.M. Taylor OxfordRoad Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Manchester M13 9PT Institut für Genetik und für UK Toxikologie von Spaltstoffen Postfach 3640 A.E. Wright D-7500 Karlsruhe 1 The Old Smithy Federal Republic of Germany Warden Hexharn Northumberland NE48 3SB UK xi
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