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Handbook of inorganic substances 2016 PDF

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P. Villars, K. Cenzual, R. Gladyshevskii Handbook of Inorganic Substances 2016 Also of Interest Inorganic Substances Bibliography 2016 Villars, Cenzual, Penzo, 2016 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-033471-5, e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-038267-9 Industrial Inorganic Chemistry Benvenuto, 2015 ISBN 978-3-11-033032-8, e-ISBN 978-3-11-033033-5 Inorganic Trace Analytics: Trace Element Analysis and Speciation Matusiewicz, Bulska (Eds.), 2016 ISBN 978-3-11-037194-9, e-ISBN 978-3-11-036673-0 New-Generation Bioinorganic Complexes Jastrzab, Tylkowski (Eds.), 2016 ISBN 978-3-11-034880-4, e-ISBN 978-3-11-034890-3 Pierre Villars, Karin Cenzual, Roman Gladyshevskii Handbook of Inorganic Substances 2016 De Gruyter ISBN 978-3-11-033459-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-033467-8 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-039023-0 Set-ISBN 978-3-11-033468-5 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2016 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston www.degruyter.com Preface Handbook of Inorganic Substances 2016 Over 100 000 different inorganic substances (also called compounds or phases) have been structurally charac- terized since the discovery of X-ray diffraction in 1913. The information has been published in some 200 000 publications spread over more than 1 000 different scientific journals. The aim of this handbook is to provide the researcher and student with a comprehensive compilation of presently defined crystallographically iden- tified inorganic substances within one volume. The selection of data included in this volume is based on a qualitative approach – all data having passed a quality check. In contrast, the companion publication “Inorganic Substances Bibliography” tries to give a quantitative overview of relevant publications. This handbook is a product of the PAULING FILE project1 (see below). An inorganic substance is defined in the PAULING FILE by the chemical system and the crystal structure, and has been given a unique name where the chemical formula is followed by a specification (e.g. ht, orth) when relevant. The crystal structure is defined by referring to a prototype (structure type), if known. For not yet (fully) investigated structures, partial structural information is given if available, e.g. the complete Pearson symbol may be replaced by t** (tetragonal) or cI* (cubic body-centered). How to read the Data System Substance Prototype H-M Unit Cell Family Color D C Ref. X Parameters a,b,c,α,β,γ (nm,°) Ga-Na-O NaGaO rt NaFeO2, Pna2 0.5515,0.7192, adamantane colorless 3.94 X 26763 2 oP16,33 1 0.5298,90,90,90 structure Alphabeti- Chemical Prototype Hermann- Standar- Mineral Density Code Reference cally sorted formula (structure Mauguin dized cell name or (Mg m–3) indicating number, chemical type): type- symbol for parameters structural calculated the level of link to a elements defining the space family from the structural data source compound, group chemical studies listed in the Pearson formula (see list of Reference symbol, and unit abbrevia- section space group cell volume tions below) number A: no atom coordinates refined (or published), but prototype assigned F: parent type assigned for a filled-up derivative N: no atom coordinates refined (or published), prototype not assigned P: part of atom coordinates not refined (proton sites ignored) X: atom coordinates refined or fixed Pearson symbol: first letter of the crystal system (c: cubic, h: hexagonal/trigonal, t: tetragonal, o: orthorhombic, m: monoclinic, a: anorthic triclinic) followed by the Bravais lattice and the sum of the multiplicities of all partly or fully occupied sites in the unit cell (or estimated number of atoms in the unit cell for unknown structures); proton sites are ignored Table 1 Content of the main table. vi Preface All the data has been processed and critically evaluated by the editor team of the PAULING FILE, using a unique software package. For the numerous cases where the same inorganic substance has been investigated several times, representative data has been selected (124 500 selected from 274 000 processed entries). The data has been sorted in first priority according to the number of chemical elements in the chemical system, in second priority in alphabetic order of the chemical system, and in third priority according to the chemical formula (automatic alphabetic order). Systems with 610 chemical elements have been grouped together and sorted according to the first three elements of the alphabetically sorted element-system, and then to the chemi- cal formula. The data part is followed by a reference part, giving minimal information required to uniquely identify the scientific publications. The short document names contain the following parts: CODEN, year, volume, issue/ article, first page, last page. A table listing the CODENs and conventional abbreviated names of the near 1 000 quoted journals is given after the preface. The prototype assignment is a well-known concept in inorganic chemistry, where often a large number of compounds crystallize with very similar atom arrangements. The compilation ‘Strukturbericht’ started to cat- alogue crystal structures into types, named by codes such as A1, B1 or A15. These notations are still in use, however, nowadays prototypes are generally referred to by the name of the compound for which this partic- ular kind of atom arrangement was first identified, i.e. for the types enumerated above: Cu, NaCl, Cr Si. The 3 PAULING FILE uses a longer notation, which also includes the Pearson symbol and the number of the space group in the International Tables for Crystallography: Cu,cF4,225, NaCl,cF8,225, Cr Si,cP8,223. All data 3 sets with published coordinates in the PAULING FILE are classified into prototypes, following criteria de- fined in TYPIX2. According to this definition, isotypic compounds must crystallize in the same space group, have similar cell parameter ratios and occupy the same Wyckoff positions in the standardized description with the same or similar values of the atom coordinates. If all these criteria are fulfilled, the atomic environments should be similar. No distinction is made between structures with fully and partly occupied atom sites. When possible, a prototype has also been assigned to data sets without atom coordinates. The prototype is often stated in the publication, in other cases it has been assigned by the editors. The assigned type may, in some cases, be an approximation of the real structure, ignoring for instance, a certain disorder. The elements in the chemical formula are sorted according to an internal list and selected chemical units (water, phosphate, sulfate, etc.) are emphasized in square brackets. The cell parameters have been standardized2, so that they always refer to the first description in the International Tables for Crystallography (Niggli- reduced cell for triclinic structures, unique axis b for monoclinic structures, triple hexagonal cell for rhombo- hedral structures). This is also true for the Hermann-Mauguin symbol. When relevant, the space group, and/ or the cell, has been corrected in order to take into consideration all of the symmetry elements contained in the proposed structure model. Priority has been given to cell parameters determined at ambient condi- tions, but may not always be the case. The reference number links the data row to the source of the (originally published) cell parameters, whereas the colour or mineral name may come from another publication. The structure class was assigned by the editors. Due to lack of space, some columns have been omitted, or their content shortened, for multinary element-systems. For more than three chemical elements, the Hermann-Mauguin symbol has been left out and the typedefining compound replaced by “idem”, when identical to the chemical formula in the same row. For the last section, containing data for systems with more than five elements, the complete expression for the prototype has been replaced by the Pearson symbol and the space group number. Crystallographic data of approx. 10 000 inorganic substances are published yearly in literature world-wide, representing about 5 000 distinct substances. The information is contained in approx. 7 000 scientific publi- cations. Each new edition of the handbook contains data for new substances, in addition to the updated information for substances contained in the preceding edition. Preface vii PAULING FILE project One of the most challenging tasks in materials science is the design of new materials with distinct properties. In general, two different approaches are explored: 1. The first one is to simulate the motion of the atoms in the material as well as their electronic interactions as close to reality as possible by using calculations on the quantum-mechanical level. This is an extremely demanding task, especially if the calculation of the property under investigation requires a long-time simulation. However, at least in theory, there is no input other than the laws of quantum mechanics, so using these calculations the material properties can be understood right away from first principles. Based on this understanding, it should be possible to design new materials with distinct properties just by com- puter simulations. 2. The second approach seems to be less challenging at first glance, since it does not ask for the really fundamental principles but remains on a more pragmatic level: Most of our current knowledge in chem- istry and materials science has been collected empirically, just by searching for patterns and rules in exper- imental results published in the literature. During the past 100 years or so, a huge pile of various types of corresponding data like crystal structures, powder diffraction patterns, phase diagrams and physical properties has been collected for a large variety of compounds. This information is mainly available in various materials databases. Beside the classical use of these databases for analysis, phase identification and teaching purposes, it should be worthwhile trying to use modern computer technology to search for additional rules and correlations implied in these data and use them in materials design. Both approaches have their own advantages and problems: While the first one does (at least in principle) not rely on experiments and should result in a really deep understanding of fundamental correlation in solids, it is computationally extremely demanding and can currently only be applied to a limited number of rather simple solids. The second approach needs by far less computational effort and may thus (at least in the beginning) lead to faster success; however, it is extremely depending on the availability of a sufficiently large number of experimental data of appropriate quality. An additional problem concerning this second empirical approach is that, up to now, the relevant data types have been stored in separate, isolated databases, each using its own proprietary retrieval software. This made the investigations rather tedious and prohibited the us- er from performing an overall data analysis in order to discover hidden patterns and correlations. These shortcomings of the empirical approach provided the basic motivation for the initiation of the PAU- LING FILE project, which started in 1995 as a collaboration between Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Material Phases Data System (MPDS), and The University of Tokyo, RACE. Since 2002 the project is under the leadership of MPDS. The first goal is to create and maintain a comprehensive materials database for all non-organic (no C-H bonds) solid state materials (systems), covering crystallographic data, phase diagrams, diffraction patterns and physical properties. An important aspect, along with completeness, is the quality of the data. The data have been checked with extreme care, since unrecognized errors will at least confuse the correlation tools, if not result in wrong rules that may be deduced. Notes 1 P. Villars, M. Berndt, K. Brandenburg, K. Cenzual, J. Daams, F. Hulliger, T. Massalski, H. Okamoto, K. Osaki, A. Prince, H. Putz, S. Iwata, The PAULING FILE, Binaries Edition, J. Alloys Compd. 367 (2004) 293–297; http://paulingfile.com 2 E. Parthe´, L. Gelato, B. Chabot, M. Penzo, K. Cenzual, R. Gladyshevskii, Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, 8th Ed. TYPIX – Standardized Data and Crystal Chemical Characterization of Inorganic Structure Types, 4 volumes, Heidelberg: Springer 1993, 1994. viii Handbook of Inorganic Substances – Edition 2016 Acknowledgements We would like to thank Dr. S. Budnyk, Dr. I. Chumak, Dr. G. Demchenko, Dr. V. Dubenskyy, Dr. E. Hore- shnyk, Dr. V. Kuprysyuk, Dr. N. Melnychenko-Koblyuk, Dr. N. Muts, Dr. O. Pavlyuk, Dr. V. Romaka, Dr. I. Savysyuk, Mr. O. Shcherban, Dr. O. Stelmakhovych, Dr. S. Stoyko, Dr. L. Sysa, Dr. I. Tarasyuk, Dr. A. Tkachuk, Dr. I. Tokaychuk, Dr. Y. Verbovytskiy, Dr. O. Zaremba, and Dr. R. Zaremba for their contribution to the Structure part of the PAULING FILE. Our hearty thanks also go to Dr. T. Ashino, Mr. J. L. C. Daams, Ms. E. Flack, Dr. A. Hannemann, Dr. F. Hulliger, Prof. S. Iwata, Dr. Y. Kaneta, Mr. V. Luong, Prof. T. B. Massalski, Dr. H. Okamoto, Prof. K. Os- aki, Prof. A. Prince, Dr. T. Siegrist, and Mr. T. Vu for expertise and advice. Special thanks to the supporting staff of JST: Mr. T. Atago, Prof. Y. Chen, Mr. K. Iijima, Mr. H. Kaneko, Dr. K. Kuroda, Dr. C. Maeda, Mr. M. Obara, Ms. R. Nakajima, Prof. N. Onodera, and Mr. K. Yoshida, as well as to the supporting staff of NIMS: Mr. M. Yamazaki, Dr. Y. Xu. November 2015 Pierre Villars, Material Phases Data System (MPDS), Vitznau, Switzerland Karin Cenzual, University of Geneva, Switzerland Roman Gladyshevskii, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine Handbook of Inorganic Substances data is copyrighted by Material Phases Data System (MPDS), Switzerland & National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan, 2015 (Data generated pre-2002: Copyright © MPDS & NIMS; Post-2001: Copyright © MPDS). JST, MPDS, NIMS and De Gruyter shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the handbook. Handbook of Inorganic Substances – Edition 2016 ix List of journal CODENs 11TNAQ Proc. U. N. Int. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy, AGHUE7 Acta Geol. Hung. BSCBAG Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 2nd AGKGAA Kenkyu Hokoku - Asahi Garasu Kogyo Gijutsu BSCFAS Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 12KYAL Plutonium 1960, Proc. Int. Conf. Plutonium Shoreikai BSRSA6 Bull. Soc. R. Sci. Liege Metall., 2nd AGSIDP Acta Geol. Sin. Engl. Transl. BTC181 Bin. Tern. Carbide Nitride Uebergangsmetalle 12XNAJ Extr. Phys. Metall. Plutonium Alloys, Symp. AGSREJ Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res. Phasenbeziehungen 14OQAV Vopr. Teor. Primen. Redkozem. Met., Mater. AHUTA4 Arch. Hutn. BTITA5 Bull. Tokyo Inst. Technol. Soveshch. AIVLAQ Atti - Ist. Veneto Sci., Lett., Arti, Cl. Sci. Mat., BUFCAE Bull. Soc. Fr. Mineral. Cristallogr. 14PCAS Carbides Nucl. Energy, Proc. Symp. Nat. BUGMAF Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 17HBA6 Struct. 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