Table Of Content

Handbook of Industrial Surfactants Fifth Edition Volume 1 Compiled by Michael and Irene Ash Synapse Information Resources iii © Synapse Information Resources, Inc. 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by an means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of Synapse Information Resources, Inc. Published by Synapse Information Resources, Inc. 1247 Taft Ave. Endicott, NY 13760 Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933829 ISBN 13: 978-1-934764-43-5 ISBN 10: 1-934764-43-4 Printed in the U.S.A. iv Abbreviations abs. absolute BSS British Standard Sieve ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene Btu British thermal unit absorp. absorption B.U. Brabender units (viscosity) ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien- BVC British Veterinary Codex ists BVO brominated vegetable oil ACN acrylonitrile byprod. byproduct(s) act. active C degrees Centigrade ADI acceptable daily intake (FAO/WHO) CAA Clean Air Act ADR adverse drug reactions CAB cellulose acetate butyrate AEL acceptable exposure limit calcd. calculated adsorp. adsorption cap. capillary agric. agricultural CAS Chemical Abstracts Service agrochem. agrochemical CC closed cup a.i. active ingredient cc cubic centimeter(s) AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association CCFAC Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants alc. alcohol CCl carbon tetrachloride 4 Am., Amer. American CD completely denatured amts. amounts CDA completely denatured alcohol anhyd. anhydrous CEL corporate exposure limit ANSI American National Standards Institute CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, AOC assimilable organic carbon & Liability Act (U.S.) APHA American Public Health Association CFC chlorofluorocarbon API Active Pharmceutical Ingredients CFN Council on Food & Nutrition (Am. Medical Assoc.) applic(s). application(s) CFR Code of Federal Regulations (U.S.) aq. aqueous cfu colony-forming units AS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene cGMP current good manufacturing practice (U.S. FDA) ASA acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile ch. Chapter ASBC Am. Society of Brewing Chemists char. characteristic, characterized ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials chel. chelation ATH alumina trihydrate chem(s). chemical(s) atm atmosphere CI Color Index at.wt. atomic weight CIIR chlorobutyl rubber autoignit. autoignition CIP Clean In Place cleaners aux(s). auxiliary, auxililaries CIR Cosmetic Ingredient Review avail. available cks centistoke(s) avg. average cl clear a.w. atomic weight CL ceiling concentration BAC biological activated carbon cm centimeter(s) BATF Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (U.S.) cm3 cubic centimeter(s) BDG butyl diglycol CMC carboxymethylcellulose BDOC biodegradable dissolved organic carbon CMC critical Micelle concentration BfArM Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (Fed- c.m.p. capillary melting point eral Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Germany) CNS central nervous system BGA Federal Republic of Germany Health Dept. certification CO carbon monoxide BgVV Bundesinsititut für Gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz COC Cleveland Open Cup und Veterinärmedizin (Federal Institute for Consumer COD chemical oxygen demand Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine) (Germany) coeff. coefficient BHA butylated hydroxyanisole COF coefficient of friction BHT butylated hydroxytoluene compat. compatible biochem. biochemical compd(s). compound(s) biodeg. biodegradable compr. compression bldg. building conc(s). concentrated, concentration(s) blk. black conduct. Conductive, conductivity BMC bulk molding compound const. constant BOD biochemical oxygen demand contg. containing BP British Pharmacopeia cosolv. cosolvent b.p. boiling point CP Canadian Pharmacopeia BR butadiene rubbers, polybutadienes cp centipoise(s) B&R Ball & Ring CPE chlorinated polyethylene br., brn. brown cps centipoise(s) brnsh. brownish CPVC chlorinated polyvinyl chloride BS British Standards CR chloroprene rubber, polychloroprene B/S butadiene/styrene cryst. crystalline, crystallization BSI British Standards Institute cs centistoke(s) ix cSt centistoke(s) EPS expandable polystyrene CTFA Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association equip. equipment ctks centistoke(s) equiv. equivalent CWA Clean Water Act ESCR environmental stress crack resistance cwt hundred weight ESD electrostatic discharge DAB Deutsche. Arzneibuch (German Pharmacopoeia) ESO epoxidized soybean oil DAC Deutscher Arneimittel Codex (German Pharmacopoeia ESP electrostatic protection Codex) esp. especially D&C Drugs & Cosmetics EU European Union dc direct current Eur.Ph. European Pharmacopeia DE dextrose equivalent EVA ethylene vinyl acetate DEA diethanolamide, diethanolamine evap. Evaporation dec. decomposes exc. excellent decomp. decomposition F degrees Fahrenheit DEG diethylene glycol FA fatty acid deliq. deliquescent FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (United Nations) dens. density FAP Food Additive Petition (U.S.) deriv(s). derivative(s) FCC Food Chemicals Codex descrip. description FCC fluorochlorocarbon dg decigram(s) FDA Food and Drug Administration (U.S.) DI deionized FD&C Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics diam. diameter FEMA Flavor and Extract Manufacturers’ Association (U.S.) dielec. dielectric FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene dil. dilute FFA free fatty acid DIN Deutsches Institut fuer Normung (German Standards Orga- FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act nization) FG food grade disp. dispersible, dispersion FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (U.S. dissip. dissipation EPA) dist. distilled FKM fluoroelastomer distort. distortion fl fluid distrib. distributor flamm. flammable, flammability dk. dark flex. flexural DMF dimethyl formamide FNB Food and Nutrition Board DMF Drug Master Files f.p. freezing point DO dissolved oxygen FP French Pharmacopoeia D.O. dissolved oxygen FR flame retardant DOC dissolved organic carbon FR-ABS flame retardant ABS DOM dissolved organic matter FRP fiberglass-reinforced plastics DOP dioctyl phthalate F-T Fischer-Tropsch DOT Department of Transportation (U.S.) ft foot, feet DPG diphenyl guanidine, dipropylene glycol f.w. formula weight DSB dry solids basis G giga DSI Canadian Provisional Domestic Substance list g gram(s) DTUL deflection temperature under load gal gallon(s) DVB divinylbenzene g/d gram/dyne DW distilled water, deionized water GFRP glass fiber-reinforced plastic DWV drainage, waste and vent G-H Gardner-Holdt eb, EB electron beam GI gastro-intestinal EC European Community glac. glacial EC50 environmental concentration, 50% GLP good laboratory practice EDTA ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid GLY glycine EE epoxy equivalent GMP good manufacturing practice EEC European Economic Community gpd gallons per day EED environmental endocrine disrupter gpm gallons per minute EEW epoxide equivalent weight GPPS general purpose polystyrene e.g. for example gpt gallons per ton EGC Epoxide Group Content gr. gravity EINECS European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Sub- gran. granules, granular stances GRAS generally regarded as safe elec. electrical grn(sh). green. greenish ELINCS European List of Notified Chemical Substances GRP glass-reinforced plastics, glass-reinforced polyester elong. elongation GVS Gardner varnish scale (color) EMI electromagnetic interference GWP Global warming potential EMS electromagnetic shielding h hour(s) ENB 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene HAF high abrasion furnace carbon black EO ethylene oxide HALS hindered amine light stabilizer EP European Pharmacopoeia HAP hazardous air pollutant EP extreme pressure HAPS hazardous air pollutants EPA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.) HAP's hazardous air pollutants EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, ethylene-propylene ter- HB horizontal burning polymer HC hydrocarbon EPR ethylene-propylene rubber HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon x HCl hydrochloride, hydrochloric acid LDPE low-density polyethylene HDPE high-density polyethylene LED light-emitting diode HDT heat distortion (deflection) temp. lel lower explosive level HFC hydrofluorocarbon lg. large Hg mercury liq. liquid HIPS high-impact polystyrene LLDPE linear low-density polyethylene HLB hydrophilic lipophilic balance LMDPE linear medium-density polyethylene HMIS Hazardous Material Identification System LOEL lowest observed effect level hr hour(s) lt. light HTST high temperature short-time pasteurization Ltd. Limited HEUR hydrophobically modified ethoxylate urethane LVP low vapor pressure HVAC heating, ventilation, air conditioning M mega HVP hydrolyzed vegetable protein M mole hyd. hydroxyl m milli hydrog. hydrogenated m meter(s) Hz hertz m- meta IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer (United manuf. manufacturer Nations) max. maximum i.b.p. initial boiling point mbar millibar IDLH immediately dangerous to life and health MCF methyl chloroform I&I industrial and institutional MCL maximum contaminant level IIR isobutylene-isoprene rubber MCT medium chain triglycerides IM intramuscular MD machine direction, mold direction immisc. immiscible MEA monoethanolamine, monoethanolamide IMP inosine monophosphate mech. mechanial in. inch(es) med. medium Inc. Incorporated MEK methyl ethyl ketone inc. increases, increased mfg. manufacture INCI International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient mg milligram(s) incl. including mgd million gallons/day incompat. incompatible MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone incorp. Incorporated, incorporation microcryst. microcrystalline indent. indentation microgran. microgranules, microgranular ing. ingestion MID Meat Inspection Division (USDA) ingred(s). ingredient(s) MIL Military Specifications inh. inhalation mil 0.001 inch inj. injection min minute(s) inorg. inorganic min. mineral INS International Numbering System for Food Additives min. minimum insol. insoluble MIPA monoisopropanolamine, monoisopropanolamide Int’l. International misc. miscible, miscellaneous IOFI International Organization of the Flavor Industry MITI Japanese Inventory of Chemical Substances (list) IP intraperitoneal mixt(s). mixture(s) IPA isopropyl alcohol ml milliliter(s) IPM isopropyl myristate MLD minimum lethal dose IPP isopropyl palmitate mm millimeter(s) IR isoprene rubber (synthetic), polyisoprene MMAP modified mixed aniline point irreg. irregular MMW-HDPE medium molecular weight high density polyethylene IU International Unit mN millinewton(s) IV intravenous mo, mos month(s) J joule mod. moderately JCIC Japanese Cosmetic Ingredients Codex mod. modulus JCID Japanese Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary monocl. monoclinic JECFA Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives m.p. melting point JP Japanese Pharmacopoeia mPa•s millipascal-second(s) JSCI Japanese Standard of Cosmetic Ingredients mppcf million particles per cubic foot JSFA Japan Standards for Food Additives MRL maximum residual limits k kilo MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet KB Kauri-Butanol MT medium thermal kg kilogram(s) mus mouse KTPP potassium tripolyphosphate MVTR moisture vapor transmission rate KU Krebs units m.w. molecular weight l liter(s) N normal LAB linear alkylbenzene nat. natural LAS linear alkylbenzene sulfonate NB nonbreaking LAO linear alpha olefins N/B nitrile-butadiene lb pound(s) NBR nitrile rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber LC50 lethal concentration 50% NC nitrocellulose LCLo lethal concentration low NCI National Cancer Institute LD0 lethal dose 0% need. needles LD50 lethal dose 50% neg. negative LDLo lowest published lethal dose neut. neutral, neutralized xi NF National Formulary Pk peak concentration NFPA National Fire Protection Association pkg. packaging ng nanogram PM, P-M Pensky-Martens NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) PMCC Pensky-Martens closed cup nm nanometer PMMA polymethyl methacrylate no. number PMOC Pensky-Martens open cup NO nitrous oxide PO propylene oxide 2 NO nitrogen oxides POC particulate organic carbon x POE polyoxyethylene, polyoxyethylated NOEL no observed effect level polyunsat. polyunsaturated NOI not otherwise indexed (U.S. DOT) PoM prescription-only medicine nonalc. nonalcoholic POM polyoxymethylene nonaq. nonaqueous POP polyoxypropylene, polyoxypropylated nonbiodeg. nonbiodegradable POP's persistant organic pollutants nonflamm. nonflammable powd. powder nonyel. nonyellowing PP polypropylene N.O.S. not otherwise specified (transport regulations) ppb parts per billion NPRI National Pollutant Release Inventory (Canada) PPE polyphenylene ether NR natural rubber, isoprene rubber (natural) PPG polypropylene glycol NSF National Sanitation Foundation, National Standards Foun- pph parts per hundred (percent) dation ppm parts per million NTP National Toxicology Program (U.S.) PPO polyphenylene oxide NV nonvolatiles PPS polyphenylene sulfide o- ortho ppt parts per trillion OBPA oxybisphenoxarsine pract. practically OC open cup prep(s). preparation(s) ODC ozone-depleting compound prod. product(s), production ODP ozone-depletion potential props. properties OEL occupational exposure limit PS polystyrene OEM original equipment manufacturer ps poise OMS odorless mineral spirits psi pounds per square inch OPV over print varnish psia pounds per square inch absolute org. organic psig pounds per square inch gauge orig. original pt. point OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (U.S.) Pt-Co platinum-cobalt OTC over-the-counter PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene o/w oil-in-water PTMEG polytetramethylene ether glycol oz ounce PU polyurethane p- para PUF polyurethane foam Pa Pascal PUR polyurethane PBT polybutylene terephthalate PVA polyvinyl alcohol pbw parts by weight PVAc polyvinyl acetate PC polycarbonate PVAL polyvinyl alcohol PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PVB polyvinyl butyral pcf pounds per cubic foot PVC polyvinyl chloride PCMX p-chloro-m-xylenol PVC-P plasticized polyvinyl chloride PCP Pest Control Product Act, 1972 (Canada) PVC-U unplasticized polyvinyl chloride PCTFE polychlorotrifluoroethylene PVDC, PVdC polyvinylidene chloride PDIS primary dermal irritation score PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride PE polyethylene PVM polyvinyl methyl ether PEEK polyetheretherketone PVM/MA polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride PEG polyethylene glycol PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone PEIS primary eye irritation score PWB partial weight bearing PEK polyetherketone qt quart PEL permissible exposure level quat. quaternary perc perchloroethylene R&B Ring & Ball percut. percutaneous rbt rabbit PES polyether sulfone RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (U.S. EPA PET polyethylene terephthalate 40CFR §261) petrol. petroleum R&D research and development PFPE perfluoropolyether RDA recommended daily allowances PG propylene glycol rdsh. reddish pH hydrogen-ion concentration rec. recommended Ph. Pharmacopoeia ref. refractive Ph.Eur. European Pharmacopoeia reg. registry PHA phosphonohyroxyacetic acid regs. regulations pharm. pharmaceutical REL recommended exposure limit Ph.Eur. European Pharmacopoeia rep. represents phr parts per hundred of rubber or resin resist. resistance, resistant, resistivity PIB polyisobutylene resp. respectively PIN product identification number RFI radio frequency interference PIR polyisocyanurate r.h. relative humidity xii rhomb. rhombic TIPA triisopropanolamine RIM reaction injection molded/molding TKPP tetrapotassium pyrophosphate RO reverse osmosis TLV Threshold Limit Value rpm revolutions per minute TLV-CL Threshold Limit Value/ceiling limit RQ reportable quantity TLV-STEL Threshold Limit Value/short therm exposure limit R.T. room temperature TLV-TWA Threshold Limit Value/time weighted average RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (U.S.) TMC thick molding compound RTM resin transfer molding TOC Tag open cup, total organic carbon RTV room temperature vulcanizing tox. toxicity RV recreational vehicle TPE thermoplastic elastomer s second(s) TPU thermoplastic polyurethane s- secondary TRI Toxic Release Inventory SADT self accelerating decomposition temp. TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act SAN styrene-acrylonitrile tsp teaspoon sapon. saponification TSS total suspended solids SARA Superfund Amendments & Reauthorization Act (U.S.) TWA time weighted average sat. saturated TWC time weighted concentration S/B styrene/butadiene typ. typical SBR styrene/butadiene rubber uel upper explosive limits SBS styrene-butadiene-styrene UF urea formaldehyde SD specially denatured UF ultra filtration SDA specially denatured alcohol UHF ultra high frequency SE self-emulsifying UHMW ultra high molecular weight SEBS styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene UHMWPE ultra high molecular weight polyethylene sec. secondary UHT ultra high temperature semicryst. semicrystalline UL Underwriter’s Laboratory semiliq. semiliquid UN No. United Nations Substance Identification Number (for trans- semisyn. semisynthetic port purposes) sl. slight, slightly unsat. unsaturated sm. small UPVC unplasticized polyvinyl chloride SMA styrene maleic anhydride USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture SMC sheet molding compound USFA United States Food Additives SMG succinylated monoglycerides USP United States Pharmacopeia SNAP Significant New Alternative Policy (U.S. EPA) uv, UV ultraviolet soften. softening V volt sol. soluble, solubility VA vinyl acetate solid. solidification VAE vinyl acetate ethylene sol’n. solution VC vinyl chloride solv(s). solvent(s) VCA vinyl chloride-acrylic sp. specific VdC, VDC vinylidene chloride spec. specification, specialty veg(s). vegetable, vegetables SPF sun protection factor visc. viscous, viscosity spp. non-specified species VM&P Varnish Makers and Painters SRF semireiniforced furnace VOC volatile organic compounds SS stainless steel vol. volume SSU Saybolt Universal Seconds v/v volume by volume std. standard wh. white STEL short term exposure limit WEEL Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (U.S.) Stod. Stoddard solvent WFC World Food Council STP standard temperature and pressure WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (Can- str. strength ada) subcut. subcutaneous WHO World Health Organization (United Nations) subl. sublimes wks weeks surf. surface w/o water-in-oil SUS Saybolt Universal Seconds wt. weight susp. suspension w/v weight by volume syn. synthetic w/w weight by weight t tertiary XLPE crosslinked polyethylene TAPPI Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry X-PE crosslinked polyethylene TBHQ tert-butyl hydroquinone yel. yellow TCC Tag closed cup ylsh. yellowish TCLo toxic concentration low yr year TDI toluene diisocyanate # number TDLo toxic dose low % percent TDS total dissolved solids < less than TEA triethanolamine, triethanolamide > greater than tech. technical ≤ less than or equal to temp. temperature ± plus or minus tens. tensile, tension ≥ greater than or equal to tert tertiary @ at THF tetrahydrofuran α alpha THMs trihalomethanes β beta xiii δ,∆ delta µ micron, micrometer ε epsilon µg microgram γ gamma ≈ approximately equal to Ω omega xiv Preface The surfactant industry is complex because of the multitude of pH, freezing point, HLB number, Draves wetting and Ross markets served, diversity of product types, dynamic changes Miles foam height, activity; ionic nature, toxicology, environ- in product names and manufacturers, and the development of mental data, storage requirements, precautions, and hazard- new products. This two-volume reference set, in its fifth edi- ous ratings. This information is provided by the manufacturer tion, serves to integrate information on surfactant chemicals or derived from other reference sources. Not all entries con- and materials that are presently available throughout the tain information for every category as product descriptions are world. Since the publication of the last edition of this refer- dependent, in many cases, on the literature that the individual ence, many products have been discontinued or acquired by manufacturers provide. different manufacturers, thousands of new trade name products and generic chemicals have been added, and information Part II— Discontinued Trade Name Reference provides an has been added to trade name and generic chemicals that alphabetical listing of more than 15,800 surfactant trade name were contained in the earlier editions. chemicals and materials that are no longer manufactured. By listing the name, manufacturer, and chemical description, the Surfactants are versatile materials that function as: antifoam- user can use the information to find a substitute product with ers, defoamers, demulsifiers, detergents, dispersants, emulsi- the same chemical component(s). fiers, foam builders, foam control agents, foam stabilizers, solubilizers, surface conditioners, surfactant intermediates, Part III— Chemical Component Cross Reference covers surfactant raw materials, wettingand rewetting agents. The more than 5600 chemicals and materials that are contained in application areas for surfactant products cover a broad spec- the trade name products profiled in Part I or are generic chem- trum with the bulk of revenues generated from household ical and material components that are not linked to trade detergents and personal care products. Surfactants are also names but are used for surfactant applications. More than important in industrial and institutional cleaning, textiles, emul- 16,000 generic chemical synonyms are cross-referenced to sion polymerization, oilfield, crop protection, construction, the main chemical entry. Each entry contains information paints and coatings as well as a wide range of other industries including the following: CAS (Chemical Abstract Service), because of their multfunctional attributes. EINECS/ELINCS (European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances/European List of Notified Chemical The global surfactant market is valued at more than $14 billion Substances), and UN/DOT reference numbers, classification, per year. Suppliers are challenged to maintain their position in definition, ionic nature, chemical synonyms, empirical and the marketplace under the pressures of globalization, demand molecular formulas, properties, toxicology, precautions, stor- for specialty products, critical mass and price increases, and age, uses, use level, regulatory details, manufacturers and environmental constraints. Availability of a variety of surfac- distributors. All chemical/material synonyms are cross-refer- tants materials from many different sources have added to the enced back to the main entry. These entries are followed by a complexity of the research and selection process. By provid- listing of the trade name products that are either equivalent to ing information gleaned from thousands of sources, this com- the monograph entry or contain it as one or more of its prehensive reference is essential to all professionals involved blended ingredients. in the surfactants field. Part IV— Functional/Application Index is a powerful tool for This fifith edition has been extensively revised and more than locating the trade names and chemicals based on their func- 50% of the entries are new or updated since the publication of tion and/or industrial application area. By searching for key the fourth edition more than five years ago. functional words such as defoamer, emulsifier, solubilizer, in a specific application area, such as food, de-inking, paint, agri- Part I— Trade Name Reference provides an alphabetical list- culture, etc., the user is directed to the trade names and/or ing of more than 20,500 trade name chemicals and materials generic chemicals that have that specific functional/application that function as surfactants or are used to manufacture surfac- attribute. The generic chemical names are distinguished from tants. Entries include: manufacturer’s name; chemical the trade names by italic type. description; detailed functions and applications in all aspects of industry; physical properties, such as form, molecular Part V— Manufacturers Directory contains detailed contact weight, density, solubility, boiling point, cloud point, flash point, information for the more than 3300 worldwide manufacturers vii and their branches of trade name products and chemical com- and 15-18 for solubilizers and hydrotropes. However, prod- ponents that are referenced in this handbook. Wherever pos- ucts with similar HLB values may still exhibit disparate perfor- sible, telephone, fax, toll-free numbers, e-mail and Internet mance because of differences in chemical structure or addresses, and complete mailing addresses are included for physical chemistry. These values can be used as one of many each manufacturer. criteria for selection but not as an unequivocal indicator. Appendix I— CAS Number Index contains CAS number The Glossary contains definitions of terminology associated entries followed by a listing of their trade name product and with surfactants and their applications. chemical equivalents in alphabetical order. The chemical name is in boldfaced type. We are confident that those involved in any aspect of surfactant technology, including identifying, formulating, purchasing, Appendix II— EINECS/ELINCS Number Index contains and/or researching, will find this two-volume set to be an EINECS/ELINCS number entries followed by a listing of its important addition to their reference library. We are also trade name product and generic chemical equivalents in pleased to provide this information as an electronic product. alphabetical order. The chemical name is in boldfaced type. This reference is the culmination of many years of research, Appendix III— Ionic Classification Index orders the trade investigation of product sources acquired through personal name and generic chemicals based on their principal solubiliz- contacts and correspondences with major chemical manufac- ing group and consists of four major classes: anionic, cationic, turers worldwide, as well as toxicological databases, chemical nonionic, amphoteric, and their synergistic blends. reference books, trade magazines and journals. Appendix IV— HLB Index orders the trade name and generic chemicals based on this scale. It can be used as an indicator for surfactant selection based on functional requirements, e.g., M & I Ash a value of 3-6 for water-in-oil emulsifiers, 7-9 for wetting agents, 8-15 for oil-in-water emulsifiers, 12-15 for detergents, NOTE: The information contained in this reference is accurate to the best of our knowledge; however, no liability will be assumed by the publisher or the authors for the correctness or comprehensiveness of such information. The determination of the suitability of these products for prospective use is the responsibility of the user. It is herewith recommended that those who plan to use any of the products referenced seek the manufacturers instructions for the handling of that chemical. viii