Handbook of Global Media Ethics

1450 Pages·2021·15.285 MB·English

by  Stephen J.A. Ward (editor)

Stephen J. A. Ward  Editor
Handbook
of Global
Media Ethics
Handbook of Global Media Ethics
StephenJ.A.Ward

Editor
Handbook of Global Media
Ethics
Editor
Stephen J. A. Ward
UBC Graduate School of Journalism
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, Canada
ISBN 978-3-319-32102-8 ISBN 978-3-319-32103-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32103-5
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
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To my family, in memory and gratitude:
Harold and Macrena Ward, Ann, Norma,
and Shirley
Preface
The Handbook of Global Media Ethics is a milestone in the development of a cru-
cial area of media ethics. Several decades ago, global media ethics was only an idea
in the minds of a relatively small cadre of forward-looking scholars and media prac-
titioners. Today, it is a dynamic, contested, and ever-evolving domain for discussing
the role, norms, and practices of communication media, now digital, global, and
powerful.
The book is one of the first texts to provide a comprehensive overview of the field
with original chapters written by leading media scholars, ethicists, and practitioners
around the world. The plurality of topics, issues, and methods, evident across the
book’s seven parts, is testimony to the vitality and relevancy of global media ethics
to a media-mediated world.
Construction of the book has been a mammoth effort across several years, involv-
ing a dedicated team of 7 editors and 77 authors in dozens of countries. All chapters/
submissions have been double blind peer reviewed.
The second half of the project was completed amid a global pandemic which
placed added strain on editors and contributors. Therefore, I am extremely grateful
to the editors and chapter contributors who dedicated themselves to completing the
project.
I thank, especially, the project’s sage-like managing editor, Prof. Clifford
G. Christians, whose energy and deep knowledge of media ethics worldwide was
invaluable. Prof. Christians not only writes about global ethics, he lives it.
Also, I am indebted to the six section editors who expertly developed their chap-
ters and worked with authors: Profs. Katherine M. Bell, Clifford G. Christians,
Wendy Wyatt, Kathleen Bartzen Culver, Ian Richards, and Richard Lance Keeble.
I hope the handbook encourages new inquiries into the state of global media by
students, scholars, practitioners, and citizens in the years to come.
Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada Stephen J. A. Ward
vii
Contents
Part I Introduction to Part I: Concepts and Problems
1 What Is Global Media Ethics? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Stephen J. A. Ward
2 Is Global Media Ethics Utopian?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Stephen J. A. Ward
3 Political Emotions and Global Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Stephen J. A. Ward
4 Media Business Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility,
and Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Robert G. Picard
5 Do Journalists Share Universal Values? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Folker Hanusch and Sandra Banjac
6 Ignored but Not Forgotten: Global Issues in Ethical Codes . . . . . . . 91
Ari Heinonen
7 The Role and Purpose of Ombudsmen in a Global Media World . . 107
Esther Enkin
8 A New Perspective on Ethical Reporting About Suicide . . . . . . . . . . 123
Cliff Lonsdale
9 Beyond the News and Opinion Dichotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
François Heinderyckx
10 Digital Religion and Global Media: Flows, Communities,
and Radicalizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Ruth Tsuria and Aya Yadlin-Segal
ix
x Contents
Part I Further Reading
Part II I ntroduction to Part II: Approaches and Methods
11 A Feminist Ethics for Journalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Linda Steiner
12 Cosmopolitanism as Ground for Global Media Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Stephen J. A. Ward
13 Avoiding Imperialism: Merging the Global and the Local . . . . . . . . 231
Abderrahmane Azzi
14 Ethical Relativism, Pluralism, and Global Media Ethics . . . . . . . . . 257
Bo Shan and Qiong Ye
15 Moral Psychology in Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Patrick Lee Plaisance
16 Algorithms and Media Ethics in the AI Age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Changfeng Chen and Gaelle A. Chekam
17 Pragmatic Objectivity for Global Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Stephen J. A. Ward
18 Promoting the Human Good: The Dual Obligation
Wisdom Theory and the Duties of Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Edward H. Spence
19 Levinas and Media Ethics: Between the Particular
and the Universal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Amit Pinchevski
20 Anthropological Ethics as the Basis for Global Media Ethics . . . . . 387
Clifford G. Christians
Part II Further Reading
Part III Introduction to Part III: Digital and Social Media
21 The Influence of Digital Media on Accountability
and Social Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Fernando Oliveira Paulino and Renata Gomes
22 Ethics of Digital Verification in International Reporting . . . . . . . . . 445
Soomin Seo
23 Without Fear or Favor? The Social Reality of Partisan Language . 459
Leon Barkho
Contents xi
24 Virtual Encounters with Cultural Difference:
Ethically Representing the Cultural “Other”
in VR Journalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Lindsay Palmer
25 Solidarity in (Social Media) Journalism: A Framework
for Assessing Journalistic #Commitments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Anita Varma
26 AI, Ethics, and Design: Revisiting the Trolley Problem . . . . . . . . . . 513
Molly Wright Steenson
27 Digital Media and Social Movements: Obstacles
to Building a Global Media Ethic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Deana A. Rohlinger and Caitria DeLucchi
28 Should Machines Write About Death? Questions of Technology,
Humanity, and Ethics in the Automation of Journalism . . . . . . . . . . 555
Andrea L. Guzman
Part III Further Reading
Part IV I ntroduction to Part IV: Global Issues for Global Media Introduction
29 Global Media Ethics and Human Rights: Roles,
Responsibilities, and Rehumanizing Journalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Rhonda A. W. Breit
30 Global Justice, Factual Reporting and Advocacy Journalism . . . . . 601
Mark Pearson
31 Global Media Ethics: Perspectives from the Global South . . . . . . . . 619
Herman Wasserman
32 Going “Glocal”: Local Journalism and Global Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Kristy Hess and Ian Richards
33 Compassion, Emotion and Objectivity in Global Reporting . . . . . . 655
Stephen Jukes
34 Reporting Disasters and Traumatic Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Cait McMahon and Matthew Ricketson
35 Revisiting the Public Interest: Journalism
and the Global Immigration Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
Verica Rupar
36 Science Communication: The “Weight of Evidence”
Approach and Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Johan Lidberg
xii Contents
37 Water Rights: Global Media Ethics and Sharing Resources . . . . . . 723
Beate Josephi and Jahnnabi Das
38 Literary Journalism and Global Media Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Matthew Ricketson
39 Reporting Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
Susan L. Stos
40 Truth, Reconciliation and Global Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
Kerry McCallum and Lisa Waller
41 City Life and Social Change: Urban Journalism
and Global Media Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
Susan Forde
42 Global Media Ethics and the Covid-19 Pandemic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823
Catriona Bonfiglioli
Part IV Further Reading
Part V Introduction to Part V: Freedom, Security,
War, and Global Reporting
43 Madonna of Divine Intervention: A Critique
of the Reporting of Marie Colvin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857
Oliver Boyd-Barrett
44 Publish and Be Damned?: Mainstream Media
and the Challenge of Whistleblowing Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
Andrew Fowler
45 Democratically Engaged Journalism and Extremism . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
Stephen J. A. Ward
46 Global Patriotism: Is Peace Journalism the Solution? . . . . . . . . . . . 919
Rukhsana Aslam
47 Freedom or Security? Mass Surveillance of Citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . 939
Vian Bakir
48 Freedom of the Press: Respecting Traditions
and Taking Offence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 961
Brian Winston
49 Manufacturing a New Cold War: The National Security State,
“Psychological Warfare,” and the “Russiagate” Deception . . . . . . . 985
Florian Zollmann