Handbook Of Economic Sociology For The 21st Century: New Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Studies And Developments PDF
Preview Handbook Of Economic Sociology For The 21st Century: New Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Studies And Developments
Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research Andrea Maurer Editor Handbook of Economic Sociology for the 21st Century New Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Studies and Developments Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research SeriesEditor RichardSerpe DepartmentofSociology,KentUniversity,Kent,OH,USA The handbook series includes the latest and up-to-date overviews on topics that are of key significance to contemporary sociological and related social science research. Several of the volumes discuss important topics from an interdisciplinary social science perspective, covering sociology, anthropol- ogy, psychology, and psychiatry. This prestigious series includes works by some of the top scholars in their fields. These seminal works seek to record wherethefieldhasbeen,toidentifyitscurrentlocation,andtoplotitscourse forthefuture. JohnD.DeLamaterinitiatedthisserieswiththeencouragementofHoward Kaplanintheearly2000s,andsincethen,underhisaegisandconstanteffort, it has published some stellar volumes by the top academics in their specializations.DeLamatercontinuedtobetheserieseditoronthisprestigious seriesuntilhisdeathinDecember2017. Ifyouareinterestedinsubmittingaproposalforthisseries,pleasecontact senioreditor,ShinjiniChatterjee:[email protected]. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/6055 Andrea Maurer Editor Handbook of Economic Sociology for the st 21 Century New Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Studies and Developments Editor AndreaMaurer FBIV-Soziologie UniversitatTrier Trier,Rheinland-Pfalz,Germany ISSN1389-6903 ISSN2542-839X (electronic) HandbooksofSociologyandSocialResearch ISBN978-3-030-61618-2 ISBN978-3-030-61619-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61619-9 #SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,or bysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationin thisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material containedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremains neutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Where We Came from, Where We Are, and Where We Expect to Go: New Challenges and Developments in Economic Sociology Today Societyandeconomyarefacingtremendouschallengesthesedays.Inthelast few decades, globalization has reached a new dimension; digitalization has brought about new action patterns and organizational forms; crises have changedhowwelookattheeconomy;andsocialinequalitieshaveincreased greatly. We have observed variations in capitalism, a decline of centrally planned economies, and a rise of markets accompanied by alternative forms ofcoordination.OnlyrecentlyhavewerecognizedthatChinaaswellasparts ofLatinAmericahavecombinedmarkets,state,andsocialtiesinanewway toreorganizeeconomy.InmodernWesterneconomies,weseethechallenge ofreachingsustainabilitywhileincreasingeconomicoutput.Afinalchallenge comes from economic and societal crises. The most far-reaching economic crisesshookmoderneconomicinstitutions,confidenceinglobalmarkets,and socialstructurein2007–2008and2020.Allinall,muchhashappenedsince theturnofthecentury. Economic sociology is facing a tremendous change, too. After it was developed in the 1970s, successfully centered around the idea that social factors matter for economic structure and outcome, more sociologists have entered the research field coming from different backgrounds and asking different questions.Whilethewell-knownprogramofnew economic sociol- ogyhasbeenestablishedasabranchofUSsociologysincethe1970s,thenew linesrefertorecentandclassicapproachesofEuropeanthinkingandsociol- ogy.Thefoundersofneweconomicsociology,RonaldBurt,JamesColeman, Mark Granovetter, Richard Swedberg, and Harrison White, have studied social factors that support modern market exchange and entrepreneurship in order to overcome the shortcomings of standard economic and sociological theory.The newerapproachesthat have enteredthe fieldduringthe last two decades take new perspectives and emphasize the various interrelationships betweeneconomyandsociety.Somenewlinesadoptandwidentheconcept of“socialembeddedness.”Someofthembringinculturalfactorsandanalyze beliefs, values, conventions, or practices and how they shape economic thinkingandactions,whileothernewcomersfocusonsocietalaspects,socio- economic processes, and even economic forms such as market capitalism. Whereas the mainstream of new economic sociology studies social relations in modern markets, most of the newcomers take a more societal and critical perspectivesuchassocioeconomicsandpoliticaleconomy,amongothers. v vi WhereWeCamefrom,WhereWeAre,andWhereWeExpecttoGo:NewChallenges... At the beginning of the twenty-first century, economic sociologists are reconsideringtheirorigins,wheretheyarenow,andwheretheyexpecttogo inthefuture. Thechallengesdescribed,alongwiththesenewdevelopments, demand a Handbook of Economic Sociology for the Twenty-First Century. NotonlyhaveEuropeansociologicaltraditionsbeenreinvented,butayoung internationalcommunityofeconomicsociologistshasemerged,givingriseto new research topics, and questioning the initial perspectives. This handbook aims to bring researchers together from different countries and traditions to provide an overview of what is current cutting-edge research in the field of economic sociology. It will also document which shoulders economic sociologists stand on—to use the phrase once coined by Robert K. Merton. Thehandbookalsohighlightswhatmakeseconomicsociologyspecialandan attractivepartnerforothersocialscientists.Itshowswhatweknowaboutthe classical roots, draws a picture of what is going on in the field, and demonstrateswhatquestionsmightbeofinterestinthefuture. The handbook is organized into two parts. Part I is concerned with theo- reticalapproachesanddevelopments,andPartIIcoversempiricalstudiesand topicsthatdefinespecialfields.Thefirstpartdealswithfoundationalconcepts that redefined economic sociology at the end of the twentieth century and looksathowreconsideringclassicalwritingsmightworkasabasisforfuture work. Richard Swedberg, Gertraude Mikl-Horke, and Peter Marsden, three well-knownexperts,demonstratehowtheclassicalfoundationsstillinfluence economic sociology, and why they should be used in the future. Richard Swedberg elaborates a guideline for using classics such as Alexis de Tocqueville, Max Weber, or Karl Marx. Gertraude Mikl-Horke discusses the different understandings of economic sociology in the writings of Max Weber, Joseph A. Schumpeter, and Karl Polanyi, emphasizing a historical- empirical orientation. Peter Marsden focuses on the work of James S. Coleman and investigates the notion of social capital as a key tool for economicsociologists.Newlinesofthought,whichhavebeendevelopedonly recently,areintroducedinPartIaswell.AndreaMaurerdiscusseshownew economic sociology could improve by collaborating with mechanism approach for exploring how and why social factors shape economy. Pierre François investigates the French tradition of institutionalism and how it contributes to economic sociology by analyzing various institutions. Jens Beckert and Timur Ergen explore how imaginations of the future influence economic actions and processes, and thus, offer a new perspective. Jörg Rössel,PatrickSchenk,andSebastianWeingartnerillustratehowtheideaof aestheticization influences markets and links societal processes to markets. Uwe Schimank and Ute Volkmann emphasize how economic criteria have spread out and how this process could be analyzed in the framework of differentiation theory. All chapters provide deep sociological insights and tools to analyze the modern economy and especially how society and econ- omyareintertwined. Part II illustrates that in the last few decades, much has happened in the research field of economic sociology. Recent studies emphasize the social constitution and structuration of particular markets, institutional settings and innovation, alternative forms of organizing the economy, and how social WhereWeCamefrom,WhereWeAre,andWhereWeExpecttoGo:NewChallenges... vii movements and societal views influence the economy. In Part II, the first subsectionpresentsrecentstudiesontheemergenceandfunctioningofspecial markets. This is done through empirical research on online markets by Andreas Diekmann and Wojtek Przepiorka using experiments. Attention markets are brought in by Philipp Bachmann and Gabriele Siegert studying attentionasavaluableresourceinthedigitalage.HelgeMooshammerfocuses oninformalmarketsusingethnographicmethodsandofferingalivelypicture of informal markets in Bangkok, Moscow, Barcelona, and the former Yugoslavia. Another strong line in economic sociology highlights social andinformalinstitutionsandinstitutionalchangeasaframeworkofeconomy. ThisisshowninthesecondsubsectioninPartII.Inherresearch,SonjaOpper investigatestheimportanceofprivateactorsandlocalcultureforinstitutional change,mainlywithreferencetoEastAsiaandEasternEurope.LuciaQuaglia outlines the gaps and weaknesses of the formal institutional governance systemintheEU—mainlytheEuropeanSystemicRiskBoardandtheGeneral Council of the European Central Bank—when it comes to crises. Alberto VeiraRamosandTetianaLiubyvastudyattitudesofdifferentsocialgroupsin Ukraine toward socialism and markets to explain the slow pace of transfor- mation after 1989. All chaptersoffer new insightson howsocialinstitutions shapeeconomicoutcomeandinnovation. Inthethirdsubsection inPart II,empirical results onalternativeformsof organizing production and consumption of goods and services are given. Gilles Allaire analyzes the development of alternative food markets (AFD) bydescribingthemasaprojectofcontroldefinedbyindividualactors,social movements, and NGOs. In his brand-new study on the interest-free digital moneyintroducedinSardiniain2010,GiacomoBazzanigivesevidencethat the social organization of digital money could be a way for communities to overcome crises and for using their particular social capital. Isabell Stamm describesgroupsasaformofsocialsupportforfamilyfirmsandgivesanew interpretation of the notion of social embeddedness. In the fourth and final subsection,JohannesBergerdrawsapictureofthehistoryofmoderncapital- ism, weighing its positive and negative sides. Sebastian Koos refers to the challenge,incapitalistdemocracies,ofreachingsociallydefinedgoalsandof improvingsocialandcorporateresponsibility. Thecollectionofchaptersdemonstratesthat economicsociologyisastill growing and highly inspiring research field. Moreover, the handbook shows that researchers from all over the world are developing sociological perspectives on essential economic issues. On the one hand, economic sociologistsaimatprovidingmorerealisticexplanations,analyses,andempir- ical studiesof economic topics than standard economic theory. On theother hand,theyalsoclaimtofillthegapleftbymodernsociologistswhoignored economicissuesduringthetwentiethcenturyandthereforemissedoneofthe mostexcitingtopics inmodernsociety.Inthissense,bothclassical andnew developments in economic sociology contribute to a better understanding of moderneconomyandofhowtoimprovesociology. UniversityofTrier,Trier,Germany AndreaMaurer Acknowledgments Economic sociologists, as we all know, work in socially embedded and institutionalizedcontexts.Duringthelastfewdecades,anumberofworking groups, partnerships, and national as well as international associations have been established or reinvented. I want to thank all the colleagues who have joined me in institutionalizing economic sociology in Germany, in Europe, andininternationalassociations.IamespeciallygratefultotheESAResearch Network “Economic Sociology” and the Section “Economic Sociology” of theGermanSociologicalAssociation(DGS). I owe much to many fellow researchers, who have helped to make eco- nomic sociology a lively research field and who supported my work on this newhandbook.Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmydeepestappreciationtoallthe authors who gave their ideas and contributed in many ways to make the projectenjoyableandsuccessful.Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmyappreciation toLauraLee,SusannaNagel,ClemensSchmidt,andLeaReinhardtforallthe detailed work on formatting, checking, correcting, and proofreading every chapter. Their work, together with the well-established collaboration of SpringerVSand anew partnershipwith Springer Nature, hasbeenthe solid groundforfinalizingtheproject. Iwanttodedicatethehandbooktomybelovedbrother,KarlMaurer. ix Contents PartI TheoreticalPerspectivesandDevelopments 1 TheClassicTraditioninEconomicSociology. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 RichardSwedberg 2 AustrianandGermanClassicsasaFoundation?. . . . . . . . . . 19 GertraudeMikl-Horke 3 JamesColeman,SocialCapital,andEconomicSociology. . . . 33 PeterV.Marsden 4 SocialFactorsintheEconomy:NewEconomicSociology andtheMechanismApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 AndreaMaurer 5 AFrenchInstitutionalisminEconomicSociology?. . . . . . . . . 63 PierreFrançois 6 TranscendingHistory’sHeavyHand:TheFuture inEconomicAction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 JensBeckertandTimurErgen 7 TheAestheticMomentinMarkets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 JörgRössel,PatrickSchenk,andSebastianWeingartner 8 Economization:HowNeo-LiberalismTookOverSociety. . . . 113 UweSchimankandUteVolkmann PartII EmpiricalStudiesandResearchTopics 9 TrustandReputationinHistoricalMarkets andContemporaryOnlineMarkets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 AndreasDiekmannandWojtekPrzepiorka 10 HowtoBuy,Sell,andTradeAttention:ASociology of(Digital)AttentionMarkets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 PhilippBachmannandGabrieleSiegert xi
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