Handbook of detergents. / Part D, Formulation PDF
Preview Handbook of detergents. / Part D, Formulation
DK2375_half-series-title 6/27/05 4:01 PM Page A HANDBOOK OF DETERGENTS Part D: Formulation DK2375_Discl.fm Page 1 Monday, June 27, 2005 2:58 PM Published in 2006 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8247-0350-2 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8247-0350-9 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Catalog record is available from the Library of Congress Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com Taylor & Francis Group and the CRC Press Web site at is the Academic Division of T&F Informa plc. http://www.crcpress.com DK2375_half-series-title 6/27/05 4:01 PM Page i HANDBOOK OF DETERGENTS Part D: Formulation Edited by Michael S. Showell Procter & Gamble Company Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A. Boca Raton London New York Singapore A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc. iv Preface This volume of the Handbook of Detergents series provides a review of the process and chemical technologies involved in producing various detergent formulations. Attention is given to formulations in the consumer products area—laundry detergents, dishwashing products, and household cleaning formulations (Chapters 3–7) as well as a number of specialty areas like Auto Care and Industrial/Institutional Products (Chapter 8), Textile Processing (Chapter 9), Separation Science (Chapter 10), Oil Recovery (Chapter 11), Environmental Cleanup (Chapter 12), Paints and Colorants (Chapter 13), Polymerization Processes (Chapter 14), and Lubricants (Chapter 15). Formulations based on N-alkyl amide sulfates are covered in Chapter 16. A major aim of this book is to provide the reader with some general guidance on formulation approaches. To that end, Chapter 2 provides an overview of the use of statistical mixture design in detergent formulations. This book should serve as a useful reference for scientists, engineers, technicians, managers, policymakers, and students having an interest in detergents and emerging technology trends and formulations that will sustain the industry for years to come. I would like to thank the contributing authors for their time in preparing the highly authoritative individual chapters for this volume, Dr. Uri Zoller for his helpful suggestions and guidance, and Helena Redshaw for her patience, encouragement, and support. Michael S. Showell About the Editor Michael S. Showell joined Procter & Gamble in 1984 in the Packaged Soap Division and has had various assignments with increasing responsibilities within P&G’s laundry and cleaning product research and development community. He currently is associate director of R&D in the Fabric & Home Care Technology Division at P&G’s Miami Valley Inno- vation Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. His research interests include: enzymes and their application in laundry and cleaning products, enzyme/detergent interactions, protein engi- neering to improve enzymes for use in consumer product applications, enzymatic synthesis of detergent ingredients, bioremediation, bioprocessing, and detergents. He is author or coauthor of a number of articles, book chapters, and presentations on the use of enzymes in laundry and cleaning products. In 1999 he was one of the recipients of the American Chemical Society award for Team Innovation. Mike received a B.S. in chemistry from Willamette University in 1978, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physical chemistry from Purdue University in 1980 and 1983, respectively. v Contributors Thanaa Abdel-Moghny, Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Insti- tute, Cairo, Egypt Achim Ansmann, Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Düsseldorf, Germany Shoaib Arif, Noveon, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio Samir S. Ashrawi, Surface Sciences Division, The Austin Laboratories, Huntsman Cor- poration, Austin, Texas Alessandra Bianco Prevot, Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica. Università di Torino, Torino, Italy Jean-François Bodet, Brussels Technical Center, Procter & Gamble Eurocor NV, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium Peter Busch, Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Düsseldorf, Germany Jeffrey H. Harwell, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and The Institute for Applied Surfactant Research, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla- homa and Surbec-ART Environmental, LLC, Norman, Oklahoma Hermann Hensen, Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Düsseldorf, Germany Karlheinz Hill, Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Monheim, Germany Krister Holmberg, Department of Applied Surface Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden Tze-Chi Jao, Research & Development Department, Afton Chemical Corporation, Rich- mond, Virginia Glenn T. Jordan, Fabric & Home Care Technology Division, Miami Valley Innovation Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio Robert C. Knox, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and The Insti- tute for Applied Surfactant Research, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma and Surbec-ART Environmental, LLC, Norman, Oklahoma Hans-Udo Krächter, Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Düsseldorf, Germany Hiromoto Mizushima, Material Development Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Wakayama, Japan Felix Mueller, Degussa AG Goldschmidt Home Care, Essen, Germany Michael Müller, Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Düsseldorf, Germany vii viii Contributors Charles A. Passut, Research & Development Department, Afton Chemical Corporation, Richmond, Virginia Jörg Peggau, Degussa AG Goldschmidt Home Care, Essen, Germany Gianmarco Polotti, Lamberti SpA, Albizzate, Italy Edmondo Pramauro, Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino,Torino, Italy Kenneth N. Price, Global Household Care Technology Division, Miami Valley Innova- tion Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio David A. Sabatini, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, and School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and The Institute for Applied Surfactant Research, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma and Surbec-ART Environ- mental, LLC, Norman, Oklahoma William M. Scheper, Fabric & Home Care Technology Division, Miami Valley Inno- vation Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio Stefano Scialla, Italia SpA, Pescara Technical Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Pescara, Italy Jichun Shi, Fabric & Home Care Technology Division, Miami Valley Innovation Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio Ben Shiau, Surbec-ART Environmental, LLC, Norman, Oklahoma Michael S. Showell, Fabric & Home Care Technology Division, Miami Valley Innova- tion Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio Mark R. Sivik, Fabric & Home Care Technology Division, Miami Valley Innovation Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio George A. Smith, Surface Sciences Division, The Austin Laboratories, Huntsman Cor- poration, Austin, Texas Brian X. Song, Home Care Product Development, Ivorydale Innovation Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio Oreste Todini, Household Care, Bruxelles Innovation Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Bruxelles, Belgium Jiping Wang, Fabric & Home Care Technology Division, The Procter & Gamble Com- pany, Cincinnati, Ohio Randall A. Watson, Beijing Technical Center, The Procter & Gamble Company, Beijing, P.R. China Yong Zhu, Fabric & Home Care Technology Division, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio Table of Contents 1. Introduction to Detergents 1 Michael S. Showell 2. Statistical Mixture Design for Optimization of Detergent Formulations 27 Samir S. Ashrawi and George A. Smith 3 . Laundry Detergent Formulations 51 Randall A. Watson 4 . Dishwashing Detergents for Household Applications 105 Jichun Shi, William M. Scheper, Mark R. Sivik, Glenn T. Jordan, Jean-François Bodet, and Brian X. Song 5. The Formulation of Liquid Household Cleaners 153 Stefano Scialla 6. Liquid Bleach Formulations 179 Stefano Scialla and Oreste Todini 7. Personal Care Formulations 207 Achim Ansmann, Peter Busch, Hermann Hensen, Karlheinz Hill, Hans-Udo Krächter, and Michael Müller 8. Special Purpose Cleaning Formulations: Auto Care and Industrial/Institutional Products 261 Felix Mueller, Jörg Peggau, and Shoaib Arif 9. Surfactant Applications in Textile Processing 279 Jiping Wang and Yong Zhu 10. Detergent Formulations in Separation Science 305 Edmondo Pramauro and Alessandra Bianco Prevot 11. Surfactant Formulations in Enhanced Oil Recovery 325 Thanaa Abdel-Moghny ix
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