Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stroke PDF
Preview Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stroke
Nutrition and Health Series Editor: Adrianne Bendich Mandy L. Corrigan Arlene A. Escuro Donald F. Kirby Editors Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stroke N H UTRITION AND EALTH Adrianne Bendich, PhD, FASN, FACN, Series Editor For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7659 Mandy L. Corrigan Arlene A. Escuro ● Donald F. Kirby Editors Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stroke Editors Mandy L. Corrigan, MPH, RD, LD, CNSC Arlene A. Escuro, MS, RD, LD, CNSC Nutrition Support Team Nutrition Therapy Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic Cleveland , OH , USA Cleveland , OH , USA Donald F. Kirby, MD, FACP, FACN, FACG, AGAF, CNSC, CPNS Center for Human Nutrition Department of Gastroenterology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland , OH , USA ISBN 978-1-62703-379-4 ISBN 978-1-62703-380-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-62703-380-0 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013932865 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher's location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To my husband, Adam, thank you for all your support and unconditional love. To my son Max with all my love. –Mandy L. Corrigan To my husband, Ed, thank you for your patience, support, and love. –Arlene A. Escuro Dedicated to my wonderful family, Debra, Ran, and Sydney. –Donald F. Kirby Foreword Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death in America and the second-leading cause of death worldwide. It occurs more often in women than men, with African Americans having almost twice the risk of fi rst-ever stroke compared with Caucasians. Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability. Aside from the short-term and long-term disability to the individual, the estimated direct and indirect fi nancial costs of stroke to society are staggering. Unless there are changes in diet and life- style, it is likely that there will be increases in the occurrence of stroke due to the prevalence of nutritional and lifestyle risk factors associated with urbanization and the Western-style diet. Despite the prevalence and seriousness of the disease, little attention has been given to the nutritional aspects of stroke, until now. The Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stoke is edited by Mandy L. Corrigan, M.P.H., R.D., L.D., C.N.S.C., Arlene A. Escuro, M.S., R.D., L.D., C.N.S.C. and Donald F. Kirby, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.N., F.A.C.G., A.G.A.F., C.N.S.C., C.P.N.S. from Cleveland Clinic. They are well known for their work in nutrition. This book is a comprehensive reference on nutrition for the multidisciplinary team caring for stroke patients. It includes a total of 19 chapters covering a range of topics relevant to stroke and nutrition. The fi rst section of the book provides an overview of stroke including epidemiology, types of stroke, risk factors, and global trends. A review of malnutrition in stroke is also included in this section and introduces the reader to the concept of the development of malnutrition following stroke. There are certain risk factors such as age, family history, gender, and race which are beyond our control. Yet, up to 80 % of strokes are preventable. With appropriate lifestyle and medical changes, the risk for stroke can be reduced. Part 2 of the book covers prevention and includes recommendations for lifestyle changes in the face of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, all of which are amenable to diet, exercise, and medical interventions. Although stroke occurs most often in adults, it can occur any time throughout the lifespan. Part 2 addresses the specifi c nutrition issues of stroke in pediatrics and vii a d o lescence up through adulthood. This is an important section as nutritional manage- ment of the pediatric stroke patient requires knowledge of age-specifi c nutritional requirements, as well as normal and disease-specifi c growth and development considerations. For the adult population, the etiology of stroke is diversifi ed and correctly identifying underlying causes for stroke is essential for determination of effective treatment. Part 3 expands on the treatment and management of these patients from the acute care setting though rehabilitation. The authors address the entire scope of nutrition interventions from the use of parenteral nutrition, enteral tube feeding placement, enteral formulas, unique nutrient requirements, oral dysphagia diets, and transi- tional feedings toward a goal of achievement of nutritional autonomy. Complex issues surrounding rehabilitation, ethics, and community resources are addressed in the fi nal chapters of this book. The text will be a valuable practical refer- ence for all practitioners caring for patients with stroke. It fi lls a void in books that provide practical, comprehensive information on this complex patient population. Greenville, NC, USA Laura E. Matarese, PhD, RD, LDN, FADA, FASPEN, CNSC Associate Professor Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Brody School of Medicine and Department of Nutrition Science East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA Preface This Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Stroke is intended to serve as a compre- hensive reference on nutrition for the multidisciplinary team caring for stroke patients. Our aim is for this handbook to provide practical information to clinicians working with the stroke population as well as the most up to date, evidence-based information currently available. Until this book was published, there was a gap in publications that provide comprehensive information on this population and specifi - cally the area of nutrition support. The book provides an introduction on the different types of stroke, associated risk factors, and uniquely feature global perspectives on stroke. In addition to dis- cussing stroke risk factors, the treatment and management from the acute care set- ting though rehabilitation is outlined. We further capture the lifespan of patients affected by stroke (pediatric, younger adults, and older adults), and address preven- tion (from both nutritional and medical factors). Progression of the nutrition care plan is fully discussed from enteral tube feeding placement, enteral tube feedings, parenteral nutrition, unique nutrient requirements, oral dysphagia diets, and transi- tional feedings as patients regain their nutritional autonomy. The authors were selected based on their areas of expertise with stroke patients. The dedication and expertise of the many contributing authors made this publication possible. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Adrianne Bendich, Ph.D. and Humana Press for making the vision for this publication a reality. Cleveland , OH , USA Mandy L. Corrigan ix
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