Handbook of Clinical Nanomedicine - Nanoparticles, Imaging, Therapy, and Clinical Applications - Prelims

48 Pages·2016·1.161 MB·English

by  Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, Israel Rubinstein

Pan Stanford Series on Nanomedicine Vol. 1
Handbook of
Clinical Nanomedicine
Nanoparticles, Imaging, Therapy, and
Clinical Applications
edited by
Raj Bawa
Gerald F. Audette
Israel Rubinstein
Handbook of
Clinical Nanomedicine
Vol. 1
Pan Stanford Series on Nanomedicine
Series Editor
Raj Bawa
Titles in the Series
Published Forthcoming
Vol. 1 Vol. 3
Handbook of Clinical Immune Effects of
Nanomedicine: Nanoparticles, Biopharmaceuticals and
Imaging, Therapy, and Clinical Nanomedicines
Applications Raj Bawa, János Szebeni,
Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, and Thomas J. Webster, and
Israel Rubinstein, eds. Gerald F. Audette, eds.
2016 2017
978-981-4669-20-7 (Hardcover)
978-981-4669-21-4 (eBook)
Vol. 4
Impact of Nanobiotechnology
Vol. 2 on the Future of Medicine and
Handbook of Clinical Personalized Medicine
Nanomedicine: Law, Business, Shaker A. Mousa and
Regulation, Safety, and Risk Raj Bawa, eds.
Raj Bawa, ed., Gerald F. Audette 2017
and Brian E. Reese, asst. eds.
2016
978-981-4669-22-1 (Hardcover)
978-981-4669-23-8 (eBook)
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Pan Stanford Series on Nanomedicine Vol. 1
Handbook of
Clinical Nanomedicine
Nanoparticles, Imaging, Therapy,
and Clinical Applications
edited by
Raj Bawa, MS, PhD
Patent Agent, Bawa Biotech LLC, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
Adjunct Professor, Department of Biological Sciences
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
editors
Scientific Advisor, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Israel
Preben Maegaard
AGnenraa Klrde nFz. Audette, PhD
WAsosolfcgiaatneg P rPoafelzssor, Department of Chemistry
Acting Director, Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions
York University, Toronto, Canada
Israel Rubinstein, MD
TProhfeess oRr, Diespear tmoefn t Mof Moeddiecinren Wind Energy
University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
WAssociate Cihienf of Stadff for R eseParch aond Devwelopmenet r
Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
for the World
Published by
Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
Penthouse Level, Suntec Tower 3
8 Temasek Boulevard
Singapore 038988

Email: [email protected]
WNoetbe: fwrowmw .tphaen sStearnifeosr dE.dcoitmor and Publisher
It should be noted that knowledge and best practices in the various fields
represented in this handbook (such as medicine, pharmacology, biotechnology,
toxicology, pharmaceutical sciences, materials science, etc.) are constantly
changing. As new research and experience broaden our knowledge base,
changes in research methods, legal and business practices or medical treatments
may become necessary. Therefore, the reader is advised to consult the most
current information regarding: (i) various products, companies or procedures
featured; (ii) recommended doses, methods, duration of administration and
contraindications; and (iii) legal, business or commercial information provided.
It is imperative that researchers, physicians, lawyers, policymakers and business
professionals always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
and using any information, procedures, formulations or experiments described
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or editors, make any representations or warranties, express or implied, with
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any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products
liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods,
products, drugs, medical procedures, instructions, legal opinions or ideas
presented in this handbook.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress and
tHhaen Bdrbitoisohk L oibf rCalriny.ical Nanomedicine: Nanoparticles, Imaging, Therapy,
and Clinical Applications

Copyright © 2016 Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This
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ISBN 978-981-4669-20-7 (Hardcover)
ISBN 978-981-4669-21-4 (eBook)
ISBN 978-981-4316-17-0 (Set, Hardcover)
ISBN 978-981-4411-66-0 (Set, eBook)
Printed in the USA
This book is dedicated with love to my father,
Dr. S. R. Bawa,
on his 85th birthday,
dad, grandfather, inspiration, anatomist,
electron microscopist, department founder,
professor and head, university dean
—the best teacher I ever had.
–R.B.

About the Editors
Raj Bawa, MS, PhD,
is president of Bawa
Biotech LLC, a biotech/pharma consultancy
and patent law firm based in Ashburn, VA, USA
that he founded in 2002. He is an inventor,
entrepreneur, professor and registered patent
agent licensed to practice before the U.S. Patent
& Trademark Office. Trained as a biochemist
and microbiologist, he has been an active researcher for over two
decades. He has extensive expertise in pharmaceutical sciences,
biotechnology, nanomedicine, drug delivery and biodefense, FDA
regulatory issues, and patent law. Since 1999, he has held various
adjunct faculty positions at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in
Troy, NY, where he is currently an adjunct professor of biological
sciences and where he received his doctoral degree in three years
(biophysics/biochemistry). Since 2004, he has been an adjunct
professor of natural and applied sciences at NVCC in Annandale,
VA. He is a scientific advisor to Teva Pharmaceutical Industries,
Ltd., Israel. He has served as a principal investigator of National
Cancer Institute SBIRs and reviewer for both the National
Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. In
the 1990s, Dr. Bawa held various positions at the US Patent &
Trademark Office, including primary examiner for 6 years. He is
a life member of Sigma Xi, co-chair of the Nanotech Committee of
the American Bar Association and serves on the global advisory
council of the World Future Society. He has authored over 100
publications, co-edNiteadn omfoeudri citneex ts and serves on the editorial
boards Joofu 1rn7a pl eoefr -Irnetveriedwisecidp ljionuarrnya Nlsa, innocmlueddiincgin see rving as a special
associate editor of (Elsevier) and an editor-in-chief
of the (Wiley). Some of
Dr. Bawa’s awards include the Innovations Prize from the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, UK (2008);
Appreciation Award from the Undersecretary of Commerce,
Washington, DC (2001); the Key Award from Rensselaer’s Office of
Alumni Relations (2005); and Lifetime Achievement Award from
the American Society for Nanomedicine (2014).
viii About the Editors
Gerald F. Audette, PhD,
has been a faculty member
at York University in Toronto, Canada, since 2006.
Currently, he is an associate professor in the
Department of Chemistry and acting director of the
Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions at
York University. He received his doctorate in 2002
from the Department of Biochemistry at the
University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada. Working with Drs.
Louis T. J. Delbaere and J. Wilson Quail (1995–2001), Dr. Audette’s
research focused on the elucidation of the protein–carbohydrate
interactions that occur during blood-group recognition (in particular
during the recognition of O blood type) using high-resolution X-ray
crystallography. Dr. Audette conducted his postdoctoral research
at the University of Alberta (2001–2006) in Edmonton, Canada.
Working with Drs. Bart Hazes and Laura Frost; his research again
utilized high-resolution protein crystallography to examine the
correlation between protein structure and biological activity of
type IV pilins that are assembled into pili used by bacteria for
multiple purposes, including cellular adhesion during infection.
It was during these studies that Dr. Audette identified the
generation of protein nanotubes from engineered pilin monomers.
DEsrc. hAeurdicehtitae caolslio studied the process of bacterial conjugation (or
lateral gene transfer) using the F-plasmid conjugative system of
. Current research directions include: structure/
function studies of proteins involved in bacterial conjugation
systems, the structural and functional characterization of
several type IV pilins (the monomeric subunit of the pilus), their
assembly systems, and adapting these uJonuiqrnuael porof teBinio nsyasntoesmcise nfocer
applications in bionanotechnology. Dr. Audette has previously
served as co-editor-in-chief of the
(2007–2010). Israel Rubinstein, MD,
is professor of medicine
at the College of Medicine, University of Illinois
at Chicago, USA. He is member of the section of
pulmonary, critical care, allergy and sleep medicine
in the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois
at Chicago. He is an attending physician at the
University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences
System and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center in Chicago. Dr. Rubinstein
About the Editors ix
is also the associate chief of staff for research and development at
the Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center. Prior
to his appointment at the University of Illinois at Chicago, he was
associate professor of medicine at the University of Nebraska
Medical Center in Omaha, Nebraska, USA. Dr. Rubinstein received
his medical degree from the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of
Medicine in Jerusalem, Israel. He was a medical resident in Israel,
fellow in respirology at the University of Toronto and a research
fellow at the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
California at San Francisco. Dr. Rubinstein holds 18 issued and
pending patents and has authored close to 200 peer-reviewed
papers in scientific journals. Dr. Rubinstein’s funded research
endeavors center around nanomedicine andN atanrogteetcehdn odlrouggy , dSecliivenercye
wanitdh Aspppelicciafitcio nfoscus on lipid-based prodIunctetsr naatnidon arle pJouurprnoasil nogf.
CNuarnroemnteldy,i chinee serves as editor-in-chief of
, associate editor of the
, and editorial board member of several scientific
journals. Dr. Rubinstein is member of the scientific advisory board
of the International Academy of Cardiology. He is a fellow of the
American Heart Association as well as the American College
of Physicians and the American College of Chest Physicians. In
addition, he is a member of the American Thoracic Society, American
Physiological Society, American Society for Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics, and American Microbiology Society.
Dr. Rubinstein is a board member and director of Advanced Life
Sciences, a publicly traded biopharmaceutical company based
in Woodridge, Illinois, USA. He is a co-founder of ResQ Pharma,
an emerging clinical stage pharmaceutical company focusing
on repurposing FDA-approved drugs for cardiopulmonary
resuscitation and drug overdoses.