Handbook of Climate Change Communication: Vol. 1: Theory of Climate Change Communication PDF
Preview Handbook of Climate Change Communication: Vol. 1: Theory of Climate Change Communication
Climate Change Management Walter Leal Filho Evangelos Manolas Anabela Marisa Azul Ulisses M. Azeiteiro Henry McGhie E ditors Handbook of Climate Change Communication: Vol. 1 Theory of Climate Change Communication Climate Change Management Series editor Walter Leal Filho, Hamburg, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8740 Walter Leal Filho Evangelos Manolas (cid:129) Anabela Marisa Azul Ulisses M. Azeiteiro (cid:129) Henry McGhie Editors Handbook of Climate Change Communication: Vol. 1 Theory of Climate Change Communication 123 Editors Walter LealFilho Ulisses M.Azeiteiro HAWHamburg Department ofBiology andCESAM Hamburg University of Aveiro Germany Aveiro Portugal Evangelos Manolas Department ofForestry andManagement Henry McGhie oftheEnvironmentandNaturalResources University of Manchester Democritus University ofThrace Manchester Orestiada UK Greece Anabela Marisa Azul Centerfor Neuroscience andCell Biology University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal ISSN 1610-2010 ISSN 1610-2002 (electronic) Climate Change Management ISBN978-3-319-69837-3 ISBN978-3-319-69838-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69838-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017957177 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents Africa’s Dilemmas in Climate Change Communication: Universalistic Science Versus Indigenous Technical Knowledge. . . . . . . 1 Innocent Chirisa, Abraham Matamanda and John Mutambwa The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity: The Ecological Consequences of Invasive Species in Greece. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Konstantinos Demertzis and Lazaros Iliadis Evaluating the Suitability of Community-Based Adaptation: A Case Study of Bangladesh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Ranjan Roy Getting Buy-In for Climate Change Adaptation Through Urban Planning: Climate Change Communication as a Multi-way Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Leslie Mabon and Wan-Yu Shih How Aesthetic Style Can Influence Reception of Visual Communications of Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Rebecca Green Montreal and Kyoto: Needs in Inter-protocol Communications. . . . . . . 95 Aliaksandr Krasouski and Siarhei Zenchanka Communicating Climate Change: Theories and Perspectives. . . . . . . . . 107 Henri-Count Evans, Lauren Dyll and Ruth Teer-Tomaselli Reconsidering Fictional Films for Communicating Climate Change Issues: An Analysis of the Filmmaking Strategies Behind Sustainable Energy Narratives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Michela Cortese Role of Emotions in Climate Change Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Sefat Salama and Khalil Aboukoura v vi Contents Climate Change Communication in Australia: The Politics, Mainstream Media and Fossil Fuel Industry Nexus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 David Holmes and Cassandra Star Inclusion of Gender in Africa’s Climate Change Policies and Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Mary Nyasimi, Ayansina Ayanlade, Catherine Mungai, Mercy Derkyi and Margaret O. Jegede BalancingParadigmsinClimateChangeCommunicationResearchto Support Climate Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Inez Ponce de Leon and Charlotte Kendra Gotangco Communicating Climate Change Through Narratives: A Cross Pollination of Science and Theology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Anna Huxley Framing Climate Change: A Multi-level Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Renée Moernaut, Jelle Mast and Luc Pauwels Mass Media and Climate Change Induced Disaster Risk Reduction and Mitigation in Coastal Area of Bangladesh: A Sociological Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Joydeb Garai Engaging People with Carbon and Climate Change Using Landscape Scale Conservation and Biodiversity Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Adam Moolna, Cheryl Knott, Daveen Wallis, David Crawshaw, Joanne Brierley-Moore, Julia Simons and Anne Selby Knowledge Management as an Enabler of the Paris Agreement Implementation in Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Charles Muraya Formulation of an Ethics of Response to Climate Change: The Need for Effective Communication in Higher Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 P. Castro, A. M. Azul, W. Leal Filho and U. M. Azeiteiro Climate Change: Doing Little Can Change a Lot! Children’s Knowledge-Action About Cimate Principles and Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Anabela Marisa Azul and Catarina Schreck Reis Feeling the Heat: The Challenge of Communicating ‘High-End’ Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Tim Rayner Values as a Route to Widening Public Concern About Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Tom Crompton and Shanna Lennon ’ Africa s Dilemmas in Climate Change Communication: Universalistic Science Versus Indigenous Technical Knowledge Innocent Chirisa, Abraham Matamanda and John Mutambwa 1 Introduction Climatechangecommunicationisincreasinglybecomingatopicalissueondiscus- sions relating to climate change (Ward 2008;Ockwellet al.2009).In thiseffort to communicate issues relating to climate change, information narrowly focuses on scientific findings, synthesis reports and at times proceedings from high level con- ferencesandpolicymeetings(Weart2003).Thisissobecausethetaskofcommu- nicating climate change information isoften perceived asa technical and scientific processthatrequiresexpertstointerpretandpassoninformationrelatingtoclimate variabilityandtrendsinagiven locality(Hiwasakietal.2014;ChanzaanddeWit 2015).Asaresultofthesescientificobservationsandprojections,somestrideshave beenmadeinaddressingclimatechangewhenthefindingsarecommunicatedtothe generalpublicorwhentheyinformpolicyrelatedtoclimatechangemitigationand adaptation.However,scienceisuniversalisticwhiletheimpactsofclimatechangeare localised.Therefore,usingscientificmethodsandadaptationstrategiesaloneproves to be inadequate in efforts aimed at addressing certain local conditions which are specifictocertainareasandarenotgeneralised(ZiervogelandOpere2010;Hiwasaki et al. 2014). Furthermore, science is currently failing to predict reliably either the duration or distribution of seasonal rainfall which results in forecast being proba- bilistic. It is at this juncture that ITK comes in and integrates with the scientific methodsandultimatelycontributingintherealmofclimatechangecommunication yetitsutilityseemstobeoverlookedbypolicymakers(Ajanietal.2013). I.Chirisa(&)(cid:1)J.Mutambwa DepartmentofRuralandUrbanPlanning,UniversityofZimbabwe,Harare,Zimbabwe e-mail:[email protected] I.Chirisa(cid:1)A.Matamanda UniversityofFreeState,Bloemfontein,SouthAfrica ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 1 W.LealFilhoetal.(eds.),HandbookofClimateChangeCommunication:Vol.1, ClimateChangeManagement,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69838-0_1 2 I.Chirisaetal. Roncolietal.(2002)havearguedthattheintegrationofscientificforecastswith indigenous knowledge has the potential to allow for inferences which will con- tribute greatly in rainfall forecasting. As a result, there is a dichotomy between science and ITK which complicates the success of climate change communication sinceagreatdealofinformationisside-linedandeventuallyleftoutwhennational and regional climate change policies are being formulated due to their scientific orientation (Moser 2010). Furthermore, despite the over emphasis on scientific knowledge, there are some factors that contribute to the failure to tap from ITK chief among these being generation gap where the youth are not aware of some of theITK(ChanzaanddeWit2015).InthiswayITKisthreatenedasitmayfailtobe inter-generational.Religiousandculturalbeliefsalsoaffect theways inwhichITK andscienceisperceivedthusaffectingthecommunicationofclimatechangeissues. It is observed that as climate change worsens and causes massive destruction to property and people’s livelihoods especially in the developing countries, there is need to embrace communication approaches that integrate ITK and universalistic science.TheintegrationofthetwofollowsastudyinNepalandotherregionsofthe world where it has been found that indigenous knowledge practices on their own will not help overcome climate change adaptation deficit (Chanza and de Wit 2015). Rather, the integration of ITK and science is the only way to go if climate change information is to be disseminated effectively. The aim of the paper is to analysetheopportunitiesforintegratingITKanduniversalisticscienceforeffective climate change communication in Africa. The overarching objective thus is to explore on how best the fissures in communication if any between the two world views may be closed with the view to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of climate changecommunicationandadaptioninAfrica.Theobjectivesofthepaper thus are to: (cid:129) Identify the ITK systems that are used in different localities around the world withaviewtocontextualisesomeoftheseapproachesthatmaybeapplicablein the African context. (cid:129) Explore the factors that stifle the successful adoption and integration of ITK systems with universalistic science systems in relation to climate change adaptation and communication. (cid:129) AssesshowITKsystemsanduniversalisticsciencemaybesynthesisedsoasto promote effective climate change communication and adaptation. 2 Context of the Study Climate change is no longer a myth in Africa (Eriksen et al. 2008; Brown et al. 2007). It is increasingly becoming a priority policy agenda as governments are realising the severity of climate change related disasters which require immediate action. Events on the ground bear testimony to the occurrence of various climate change related disasters in Africa. Eastern Africa is plagued by prolonged and Africa’sDilemmasinClimateChangeCommunication… 3 intensified droughts (Lisk 2009); floods are common in western and parts of southern Africa (Christensen et al. 2007); the rainforests in equatorial Africa are beingdepletedduetoclimatechange;increasedwaterscarcityisalsoincreasingin Africa and creating ground for conflicts (De Wit and Jacek 2006; Brown et al. 2007) while the ocean acidity is increasing around Africa’s southern coast (Lisk 2009). As a result of the foregoing effects of climate change in Africa, it emerges from the Global Humanitarian Forum Human Impact Report (2009) 15 out of the 20 countries in the world that are most vulnerable to climate change are from Africa. Considering that Africa is haunted by a host of other socio-economic and environmental problems,climatechange islikelytoexacerbatethesechallengesas it impacts on the livelihoods of communities thus reducing their well-being and standard of living (IPCC 2014). Adaptation and mitigation to climate change then becomes the panacea to address the climate change debacle in Africa. However, effortsinthisregardareoftenstifledbythefactthatmostdiscussionstogetherwith scholarship on climate change are biased towards scientific knowledge with little input from the ITK. This situation complicates the successful implementation of climatechangeresponsessincescienceisuniversalyetclimatechangeeffectstends to be experienced at the local level hence the need to incorporate the concerns, beliefs, values and attitudes of the indigenous communities when focusing on climate change. According to BBC World Service Trust (2010) there is a critical shortageofrelevant, usefulinformationfor theAfrican audienceswhichdoeslittle serve complicate Africans citizens’ response to climate change. Tapping informa- tion from the locals and their experiences proves to yield positive results because the emerging policies will be in line with locals’ experiences and beliefs with regardsclimatechange.Therefore,climatechangeseemtobecomplicatedinAfrica duetothefactthatthereismuchrelianceonscientificinformationattheexpenseof localbeliefsandculturesthatprovetoyieldbetterresultsinadaptingandmitigating climate change when integrated with ITK (Chanza and de Wit 2015). Adaptation is a process through which individuals and communities formulate mechanismsaimedatcopingwiththeundesiredeffectsofaparticulareventsuchas floodingorearthquake.Forclimatechange,adaptionisalsocriticalsinceitenables societies to be better placed in efforts to cope with the negative impacts of climate changeanduncertainfuture.Therationaleofclimatechangeadaptationistoreduce the negative effects of climate change by making appropriate adjustments and changes in ecological, social or economic systems in response to climate change (Smith et al. 2003; Lim and Spranger-Siegffried 2004). These adjustments are meant to reduce harm posed by climate change or maximise the benefits emerging fromtheclimatevariability.Climatechangeadaptationisthuscontextboundsince climate change presents varying impacts on different areas across the world. The adaptation strategies for climate change are then best formulated through the integration of ITK systems because both are localised initiatives. Effective climate change adaptation responses for Africa are those that are heavily informed by ITK ratherthansolelyfocusingonscientificmethodsthatdonotadequatelyaddressthe climate change problems from a local (African) perspective. Adaptation comes in
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