Handbook of Chromatography-Volume II: Polymers

252 Pages·1993·29.608 MB·\252

by  Charles G. Smith (Author)

CRC Series in Chromatography
Editors-in-Chief
Gunter Zweig, Ph.D. (1972-1987) and
Joseph Sherma, Ph.D. (1972 to present)
General Data and Principles Lipids
Gunter Zweig, Ph.D. and Helmut K. Mangold, Dr. rer. nat.
Joseph Sherma, Ph.D.
Carbohydrates (Vols. I & II) Hydrocarbons
Shirley C. Churms, Ph.D. Walter L. Zielinski, Jr., Ph.D.
Drugs (6 volumes) Inorganics
Ram Gupta, Ph.D. M. Qureshi, Ph.D.
Terpenoids Phenols and Organic Acids
Carmine J. Coscia, Ph.D. Toshihiko Hanai, Ph.D.
Steroids Amino Acids and Amines (Vols. I & II)
Joseph C. Touchstone, Ph.D. S. Blackburn, Ph.D.
Henry K. Lamparczk, Ph.D.
Pesticides and Related Polymers (Vol. I)
Organic Chemicals Charles G. Smith,
Joseph Sherma, Ph.D. and Norman E. Skelly, Ph.D.,
Joanne Follweiler, Ph.D. Carl D. Chow, and Richard A. Solomon
Nucleic Acids and Plant Pigments
Related Compounds Hans-Peter Köst, Ph.D.
Ante M. Krstulovic, Ph.D.
CRC Handbook
of
Chromatography
Polymers
Volume II
Editors
Charles G. Smith Walter C. Buzanowski
Analytical Sciences Analytical Sciences
Dow Chemical USA Dow Chemical USA
Midland, Michigan Midland, Michigan
Jeffrey D. Graham Ziad Iskandarani
Analytical Sciences Analytical & Structural Sciences
Dow Chemical USA Marion Merrell Dow
Midland, Michigan Cincinnati, Ohio
Editor-in-Chief
Joseph Sherma, Ph.D.
John D. & Frances H. Larkin Professor and Head
Department of Chemistry
Lafayette College
Easton, Pennsylvania
Boca Raton London New York
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SERIES PREFACE
This second volume on the chromatography of polymers, edited by Charles G. Smith,
Jeffrey D. Graham, and Walter C. Buzanowski of Dow Chemical USA and Ziad Iskandarani
of Marion Merrell Dow, follows the highly successful first volume co-edited by Mr. Smith
and three other Dow Chemical Company colleagues and published in 1982. The extensive
literature of polymer chromatography from 1981 through 1991 is surveyed, with data pre-
sented in the form of tables and chromatograms, and updated discussions of the methods of
gas and liquid column chromatography as applied to polymer analysis and coverage of
supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography. The volume is limited to the chromatog-
raphy of synthetic polymers, while natural polymers, such as polysaccharides and polynu-
cleotides, are treated in other volumes of the series.
Future volumes of CRC Handbook of Chromatography Series, devoted to a particular
compound class or chromatographic method, are now being written or are in the process of
being published, including books on lipids, hydrocarbons, chiral separations, and super-
critical fluid extraction and chromatography.
As in the past, I request that readers send me corrections or comments on the present
volume or others in the series that were published earlier.
Joseph Sherma, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief

PREFACE
The Handbook of Chromatography, Volume I contained tables of chromatographic data
for over 12,000 compounds including steroids, drugs, and metal ions in addition to a large
number of organic molecules. Volume II presented the theory and practice of gas, liquid-
column, thin-layer, and paper chromatography. Together, these general volumes provided
a background for subsequent sections devoted to specific chromatographic applications.
Polymers, Volume I published in 1982, presented data on the chromatographic analysis
of polymers and polymer related compounds. Supplemental subsections on theoretical aspects
of gas, liquid, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) described columns and detectors which
were new to the respective fields since the publication of the general Volume I. Theoretical
and practical discussions of two techniques specifically related to polymer analysis, i.e.,
pyrolysis-gas chromatography and size exclusion chromatography, were also included in the
scope of Polymers, Volume I.
This volume includes tables and chromatograms related to polymer analysis which were
abstracted from literature references from 1981 to 1991. Cited references, for the most part,
obtained through chemical abstract searches, were restricted to readily accessible journals
printed in English. The theoretical sections of this volume discuss new developments in the
areas of gas, pyrolysis-gas, liquid, and size exclusion chromatographic separations since the
publication of Volume I in 1982. For gas chromatography, for instance, this theoretical
discussion includes capillary column technology which was not covered in the earlier pub-
lication. In addition, Volume II includes theoretical discussions of newer techniques such
as inverse gas chromatography (IGC), supercritical fluid extractions (SFE), and supercritical
fluid chromatography (SFC), techniques that are used increasingly in the characterization
of polymeric systems.
Compounds presented in tables and chromatograms include residual monomers, plas-
ticizers, additives, antioxidants, and products from the thermal degradation (pyrolysis) of a
broad range of synthetic polymers. Where applicable, the figures include details of specialized
techniques for extraction of additives from a polymeric matrix prior to chromatographic
analysis.
The Practical Applications, Section II of this volume provides the reader with a list of
commercial suppliers of column packings and packed columns for gas and liquid chroma-
tography. This list is a guide to commercially available materials and does not necessarily
represent any endorsement by the editors of this book.
Finally, the authors wish to acknowledge the Dow Chemical Company, and specifically
the Analytical Sciences Laboratory, for providing facilities used in the compilation of this
manuscript.
Charles G. Smith

THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Joseph Sherma, Ph.D., received a B.S. degree in Chemistry from Upsala College,
East Orange, New Jersey in 1955 and a Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Rutgers Uni-
versity, New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1958. His thesis research at Rutgers was in the area
of ion exchange chromatography under the direction of the late William Rieman III. Dr.
Sherma joined the faculty of Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania in September, 1958
and is presently John D. and Frances H. Larkin Professor and Head of the Chemistry
Department. At Lafayette, he teaches three courses in analytical chemistry and directs an
active undergraduate research program in chromatography.
Dr. Sherma, independently and with others, has written or edited more than 360 research
papers, books, book chapters, reviews, and manuals involving chromatography and other
analytical methodology. In addition to being Editor-in-Chief of the CRC Handbook of
Chromatography series, he co-edits the series Modern Methods of Pesticide Analysis with
Dr. Thomas Cairns of the FDA for CRC Press. Earlier, he co-edited and edited 17 volumes
of the series Analytical Methods for Pesticides and Plant Growth Regulators for Academic
Press. He is Editor in the area of residues and trace elements in the Journal of AO AC
International and is a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Planar Chromatog-
raphy. As a consultant on chromatography and trace analysis methodology he has been able
to advise both industrial companies and federal agencies.
Dr. Sherma has received three awards for superior teaching and scholarship at Lafayette
College and the E. Emmet Reid Award for excellence in teaching presented by the Middle
Atlantic Region of the American Chemical Society (ACS). He is a member of ACS, AIC,
AOAC, Phi Lambda Upsilon, and Sigma Xi. Dr. Sherma’s current major research interests
are in modem quantitative high performance thin-layer chromatography applied to a wide
range of organic compounds, including the determination of drugs, pesticides, lipids, and
food additives.