Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan: Volume 1: Preparation and Properties

497 Pages·2020·26.415 MB·English

by  Sabu Thomas (editor), Anitha Pius (editor), Sreerag Gopi (editor)

HANDBOOK OF CHITIN AND
CHITOSAN
HANDBOOK OF
CHITIN AND
CHITOSAN
PREPARATION AND
PROPERTIES
VOLUME 1
Edited by
S G
REERAG OPI
CenterforInnovationsandTechnologies(CIT),
ADSONaturalsPrivateLimited,Bangalore,India
S T
ABU HOMAS
MahatmaGandhiUniversity,Kottayam,India
A P
NITHA IUS
TheGandhigramRuralInstitute(DeemedUniversity),Dindigul,India
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Contents
List of contributors ix
1. Chitin and chitosan: origin, properties, and applications 1
SUNEETAKUMARIANDRUPAKKISHOR
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Chitinandchitosan 3
1.3 Extractionofchitin 5
1.4 Chitosanpreparationmethods 8
1.5 Physicochemicalproperties 8
1.6 Characterizationofchitinandchitosan 13
1.7 Applicationofchitinandchitosan 22
References 28
2. Chitin and chitosan: chemistry, solubility, fiber formation,
and their potential applications 35
HAKIMAELKNIDRI,ALILAAJEBANDAHMEDLAHSINI
2.1 Introduction 36
2.2 Chitinandchitosan:chemistryandsolubility 36
2.3 Chitinandchitosan:fiberformation 41
2.4 Conclusions 50
References 50
3. PEGylated chitin and chitosan derivatives 59
ADIBH.CHISTY,RIFATA.MASUD,M.MEHEDIHASAN,M.NURUZZAMANKHAN,
ABULK.MALLIKANDMOHAMMEDMIZANURRAHMAN
3.1 Introduction 60
3.2 Chitinandchitosan 61
3.3 PEGylationandPEGylatedchitin/chitosanderivatives 64
3.4 FabricationofPEGylatedchitosanderivatives 65
3.5 CharacterizationofPEGylatedchitosanandchitinderivatives 71
3.6 ApplicationsofPEGylatedderivativesofchitosan 86
3.7 Conclusions 93
References 93
v
vi
Contents
4. Solubility, chain characterization, and derivatives of chitin 101
MIFENG,XINGMEILU,DANFENGHOUANDSUOJIANGZHANG
4.1 Solubilityofchitin 102
4.2 Chaincharacterizationofchitin 107
4.3 Derivativesofchitin 112
Acknowledgment 125
References 125
5. Solubility, degree of acetylation, and distribution of acetyl
groups in chitosan 131
E.I.AKPAN,O.P.GBENEBOR,S.O.ADEOSUNANDODILICLETUS
5.1 Introduction 132
5.2 Chemistryandstructureofchitosan 132
5.3 Acetylationofchitosan 134
5.4 Solubilityofchitosan 145
5.5 Conclusion 153
References 154
6. Chitin nanomaterials: preparation and surface modifications 165
ABULK.MALLIK,MD.NURUSSAKIB,MD.SHAHARUZZAMAN,PAPIAHAQUEAND
MOHAMMEDMIZANURRAHMAN
6.1 Introduction 166
6.2 Structureandpropertiesofchitin 168
6.3 Chitin-basednanomaterials 169
6.4 Preparationofchitin-basednanomaterials 178
6.5 Surfacemodificationofchitin 185
6.6 Conclusions 189
References 189
7. Importance of electrospun chitosan-based nanoscale materials
for seafood products safety 195
ZAFERCEYLAN,RACIYEMERAL,FATIHO¨ZOGULANDMUSTAFATAHSINYILMAZ
7.1 Optimization 196
7.2 Determinationofelectrospinningparameters 202
7.3 Characterizationoffabricatednanoscalematerial(s) 207
7.4 Useofelectrospunnanomaterialsforseafoodproductssafety 212
7.5 Conclusion 216
References 217
vii
Contents
8. Alternative methods for chitin and chitosan preparation,
characterization, and application 225
GEORGEM.HALL,CLAUDIAH.BARRERAANDKEIKOSHIRAI
8.1 Introduction 226
8.2 Chitinproduction 226
8.3 Currentchitosanproduction 231
8.4 Conclusions 240
References 241
9. Current research on the blends of chitosan as new
biomaterials 247
A.RAJESWARI,SREERAGGOPI,E.JACKCINASTOBELCHRISTY,K.JAYARAJANDANITHAPIUS
9.1 Introduction 248
9.2 Chitosanbiomaterial 249
9.3 Modificationofchitosan 256
9.4 Naturalpolymersblendswithchitosan 258
9.5 Chitosanblendswithsyntheticpolymers 264
9.6 Chitosan-basedhydrogels 274
9.7 Conclusions 275
Acknowledgment 275
References 275
10. Chitin and chitosan-based aerogels 285
E.JACKCINASTOBELCHRISTY,A.RAJESWARI,SREERAGGOPIANDANITHAPIUS
10.1 Introduction 286
10.2 Chitinandchitosan-basedaerogels:preparationprocess 292
10.3 Characterizationofchitinandchitosan-basedaerogels 296
10.4 Futureaspectsofaerogel 324
10.5 Conclusions 327
Acknowledgments 328
References 328
11. Chitin, chitosan, marine to market 335
G.M.OYATOGUN,T.A.ESAN,E.I.AKPAN,S.O.ADEOSUN,A.P.I.POPOOLA,B.I.IMASOGIE,
W.O.SOBOYEJO,A.A.AFONJA,S.A.IBITOYE,V.D.ABERE,A.O.OYATOGUN,
K.M.OLUWASEGUN,I.E.AKINWOLEANDK.J.AKINLUWADE
11.1 Introduction 336
11.2 Originandsourcesofchitinandchitosan 337
11.3 Synthesisofchitinandchitosan 339
11.4 Propertiesofchitinandchitosan 348
11.5 Potentialapplicationsofchitinandchitosan 354
11.6 Economicpotentialofchitinandchitosan 361
11.7 Conclusions 364
References 364
Furtherreading 376
viii
Contents
12. Miscibility, properties, and biodegradability of chitin and
chitosan 377
MUHAMMADARSHAD,MUHAMMADZUBAIRANDAMANULLAH
12.1 Introduction 378
12.2 Physicochemicalpropertiesofchitinandchitosan 378
12.3 Biologicalpropertiesofchitinandchitosan 385
12.4 Biodegradabilityofchitinandchitosan 389
12.5 Concludingremarks 392
References 392
13. Chitin and chitosan: current status and future opportunities 401
RUCHIMUTREJA,ABHIJEETTHAKURANDARUNGOYAL
13.1 Introduction 402
13.2 Propertiesofchitinandchitosan 403
13.3 Chitin,chitosan,andtheirderivatives 405
13.4 Applicationsofchitinandchitosan 407
13.5 Conclusionandfutureperspectives 412
References 413
14. Fungal chitosan: prospects and challenges 419
JOSEPHSEBASTIAN,TAREKROUISSIANDSATINDERKAURBRAR
14.1 Introduction 420
14.2 Currentcommercialproductionanditsdisadvantages 426
14.3 Greensynthesisofchitosan 427
14.4 Fungalchitosan 429
14.5 Futureprospects 446
14.6 Conclusion 447
14.7 Acknowledgments 448
References 448
Onlineresource 452
15. Preparation, properties, and application of
low-molecular-weight chitosan 453
NGUYENCONGMINH,NGUYENVANHOAANDTRANGSITRUNG
15.1 Introduction 454
15.2 Preparationoflow-molecular-weightchitosan 454
15.3 Propertiesoflow-molecular-weightchitosan 460
15.4 Applicationsoflow-molecular-weightchitosan 461
15.5 Agriculture 463
15.6 Conclusions 464
References 464
Index 473
List of Contributors
V.D. Abere Department of Mineral Processing, National Metallurgical
DevelopmentCentre,Jos,Nigeria
S.O. Adeosun Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,
UniversityofLagos,Lagos,Nigeria
A.A. Afonja Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi
AwolowoUniversity,Ile-Ife,Nigeria
K.J. Akinluwade Department of Research and Development, Prototype
Engineering Development Institute (National Agency for Science and
EngineeringInfrastructure,NASENI),Ilesa,Nigeria
I.E. Akinwole Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi
AwolowoUniversity,Ile-Ife,Nigeria
E.I. Akpan Institute for Composite Materials, Technical University,
Kaiserslautern,Germany
Muhammad Arshad Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional
Science,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,AB,Canada
Claudia H. Barrera Biotechnology Department, Laboratory of Biopolymers
and Pilot Plant of Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial and Food By-Products,
AutonomousMetropolitanUniversity,MexicoCity,Mexico
Satinder Kaur Brar INRS-ETE, Universite´ du Que´bec, Que´bec, QC, Canada;
Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York
University,Toronto,ON,Canada
Zafer Ceylan Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Seafood Processing
Technology,VanYuzuncuYilUniversity,Van,Turkey
AdibH.Chisty DepartmentofAppliedChemistryandChemical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
Odili Cletus Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Lagos,
Lagos,Nigeria
Hakima El Knidri Catalysis, Materials and Environment Laboratory, Higher
SchoolofTechnology,SidiMohamedBenAbdellahUniversity,Fez,Morocco
T.A.Esan DepartmentofRestorativeDentistry,ObafemiAwolowoUniversity,
Ile-Ife,Nigeria
Mi Feng CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key
Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic
Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; School of Chemical and Engineering, University
ofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,P.R.China
ix
x
ListofContributors
O.P. Gbenebor Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Lagos,
Lagos,Nigeria
Sreerag Gopi Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute—
DeemedtobeUniversity,Dindigul,India
Arun Goyal Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of
Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati,
Guwahati,India
George M. Hall Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Central
Lancashire,Preston,UnitedKingdom
Papia Haque Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
M. Mehedi Hasan Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
ScienceandTechnologyUniversity,Gopalganj,Bangladesh
Danfeng Hou CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State
Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of
Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese
AcademyofSciences,Beijing,P.R.China
S.A. Ibitoye Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi
AwolowoUniversity,Ile-Ife,Nigeria
B.I. Imasogie Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Obafemi
AwolowoUniversity,Ile-Ife,Nigeria
E. Jackcina Stobel Christy Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural
Institute—DeemedtobeUniversity,Dindigul,India
K. Jayaraj Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute—
DeemedtobeUniversity,Dindigul,India
M. Nuruzzaman Khan Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka,
Dhaka,Bangladesh
RupakKishor DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,MANIT,Bhopal,India
SuneetaKumari DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,B.I.T.Sindri,Dhanbad,
India
AliLaajeb Catalysis,MaterialsandEnvironmentLaboratory,HigherSchoolof
Technology,SidiMohamedBenAbdellahUniversity,Fez,Morocco
Ahmed Lahsini Catalysis, Materials and Environment Laboratory, Higher
SchoolofTechnology,SidiMohamedBenAbdellahUniversity,Fez,Morocco
XingmeiLu CASKeyLaboratoryofGreenProcessandEngineering,StateKey
Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic
Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; School of Chemical and Engineering, University
ofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,P.R.China