Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment PDF
Preview Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment
Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse Identification, Assessment, and Treatment Edited by Paris Goodyear-Brown JohnWiley&Sons,Inc. (cid:2)1 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. Copyright#2012byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved. PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey. PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinany formorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise, exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,without eitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentofthe appropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers, MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)646-8600,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.Requeststo thePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley& Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008. 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Childsexualabuse. 2. Childsexualabuse—Psychologicalaspects. 3. Sexuallyabused children—Rehabilitation.I.Goodyear-Brown,Paris. HV6570.H3562011 362.76—dc22 2011010996 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In memory of my grandmother, Marie Theresa Varricchio Turco, who taught me how to be tough and generous, and who never stopped trying to feed me. Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xv AbouttheEditor xvii Contributors xix SECTIONI IDENTIFICATION 1 ChildSexualAbuse:TheScopeoftheProblem 3 ParisGoodyear-Brown,AbbeFath,andLoriMyers 2 ChildSexualAbuse,TraumaticExperiences, andTheirImpactontheDevelopingBrain 29 RichardL.GaskillandBruceD.Perry 3 TheLong-TermHealthEffectsofChildSexualAbuse 49 KathleenKendall-Tackett SECTIONII ASSESSMENT 4 NavigatingtheSystem:TheComplexitiesofthe MultidisciplinaryTeaminCasesofChildSexualAbuse 71 PattivanEysandBonnieBeneke 5 TheForensicInterview:AChallengingConversation 99 LindaCordiscoSteele 6 DevelopmentallySensitiveAssessmentMethods inChildSexualAbuseCases 121 SandraHewitt 7 ComprehensiveandTherapeuticAssessmentofChild SexualAbuse:ABridgetoTreatment 143 PattivanEysandAlannaTruss vii viii CONTENTS SECTIONIII EVIDENCE-BASEDTREATMENTSAND OTHEREFFECTIVEAPPROACHES 8 DeterminingBestPracticeforTreatingSexually VictimizedChildren 173 BenjaminE.Saunders 9 Trauma-FocusedCognitive-BehavioralTherapy 199 MonicaM.FitzgeraldandJudithCohen 10 Eye-MovementDesensitizationandReprocessing(EMDR) PsychotherapyWithChildrenWhoHaveExperienced SexualAbuseandTrauma 229 RobbieAdler-Tapia,CarolynSettle, andFrancineShapiro 11 Trauma-FocusedIntegratedPlayTherapy(TF-IPT) 251 ElianaGil 12 Parent-ChildInteractionTherapyforSexually AbusedChildren 279 AnthonyJ.UrquizaandDawnBlacker 13 FlexiblySequentialPlayTherapy(FSPT)WithSexually VictimizedChildren 297 ParisGoodyear-Brown 14 Child-ParentRelationshipTherapyWithNonoffending ParentsofSexuallyAbusedChildren 321 SueC.Bratton,PeggyL.Ceballos,GarryL.Landreth, andMaryB.Costas 15 TraumaInformedArtTherapyandSexualAbuse inChildren 341 CathyMalchiodi 16 GroupTherapyWithSexuallyAbusedChildren 355 LianaLowensteinandRachelCookFreeman 17 EffectivelyIncorporatingBibliotherapyInto TreatmentforChildSexualAbuse 377 DeanneGinns-GruenbergandAryeZacks SECTIONIV SPECIALISSUES 18 ClinicalConsiderationsWhenChildrenHave ProblematicSexualBehavior 401 JaneF.Silovsky,LisaM.Swisher,JimmyWiddifieldJr., andLorenaBurris Contents ix 19 InterventionApplicationforSelf-InjuryFollowing ChildhoodSexualAbuse 429 KeeganR.TangemanandJanineShelby 20 TreatmentConsiderationsWithSexually TraumatizedAdolescents 447 SharonA.McGeeandC.CurtisHolmes 21 UnderstandingandTreatingAdolescents WithIllegalSexualBehavior 469 SusanR.Schmidt,BarbaraL.Bonner,andMarkChaffin 22 CulturalIssuesinChildSexualAbuseIntervention andPrevention 487 LisaAronsonFontesandCarolA.Plummer 23 WorkingWithSurvivorsofChildSexualAbuse: SecondaryTraumaandVicariousTraumatization 509 MicheleM.ManyandJoyD.Osofsky 24 PreventingChildhoodSexualAbuse: AnEcologicalApproach 531 SandyK.WurteleandMaureenC.Kenny AuthorIndex 567 SubjectIndex 587 Preface THEIDEAFORthisvolumebegan,asmanygoodthingsdo,overameal. Ihadjustgivenacoupleoftalksatamultidisciplinaryconferenceon child sexual abuse, had attended another talk and was enjoying dinner with colleagues. As we discussed the information that had been shared in the final talk and dissected it, debating it through the lenses of our various disciplines, I found myself intrigued, engaged, and enjoying myselfimmensely.Herewerethelatestideasofresearchersandclinicians, forensicinterviewersandlawenforcementprofessionals,caseworkersand victimadvocates,allofwhomareleadersintheirrespectivefields,doing theworkofhelpingchildrenwhohavebeensexuallyvictimized.Iwanted tocaptureandsharewithothersthedialoguethatbouncedfromemerging practicetrendstothechallengesofworkingwithinexistingsystemstothe rigors of ongoing research to the nuances of individualized treatment. Thegoalofthesekindsofdiscussions,inmymind,istherefinementof thought.Thisrefinementofthoughtoccursontheindividuallevel,oftenin theformofparadigmshifts;itseepsintoone’sprofessionallife,influences others,becomespragmatizedinagencypolicies,andultimatelyshapesthe societal response to the problem at hand: in this case, child sexual abuse. Thishandbookisthemostcomprehensivevolumeonchildsexualabuse todateandoffersasnapshotofthestateofthefieldasitstandstoday.As such,itisintendedtoaidtherefinementofourthoughts,tohelpincrease our mutual understanding as we approach this critically important issue together, and to help shape society’s approach to child sexual abuse. Thefieldofchildsexualabusehasexperiencedanexplosionofresearch, literature,andtreatmentmethodsoverthepast30years.Thecontributing authors, many of whom are pioneers in their respective specialties, lend theirexpertisetoavolumethatcombinesthelatestresearchwithawealth of clinical experience. When appropriate, outcome data is shared and augmented with clinical case examples and specific strategies for im- pacting change. AsIwrestledthroughmyowncontributionstothisvolumeandedited chapter after chapter of collegial writings, immersing myself in the lan- guageofchildsexualabuse,Iwasstruckanewbythewayourwords—the xi xii PREFACE way we talk about a thing—influence the way we think about that thing. As language evolves, so does culture. For example, teenagers who have historicallybeenreferredtoasjuvenilesexoffendersarediscussedinthis volume as adolescents with illegal sexual behavior. The language choice here is meant to influence a societal reconceptualization of this group as developmentally distinct from adult offenders and in need of different kinds of assessment and treatment. Another intentional distinction is offered between children who have sexual behavior problems that occur comorbidlywithahistoryofsexualabuseandthosewhohavethesesame behaviors in the absence of documented abuse. The traditional argument has been that if a child is sexually acting out, that child must have been sexuallyabused.Modernassessmentandtreatmentmethodsaredisprov- ing this view and providing targeted intervention strategies for differing etiologies.Mostprovocatively,thisvolumeoffersadistinctionbetweenthe event of child sexual abuse and the potential symptomatology and treat- mentthatmaybenecessary.Oursocietytendstolookonthosewhohave been sexually abused as damaged goods, as pathologically scarred. The research suggests, however, that at least 30% of survivors are asympto- matic.Doesthismeanthatthesechildrensuffernoadverseconsequences or that we simply have not found a measurement tool to quantify these consequences? This volume is certainly not meant to provide a definitive answer to this question, but certainly attempts to further the dialogue on this issue. Thehandbookisdividedintoseveralsectionsandcanbeusedasaprimer for professionals new to the field, as a topic-specific aid to seasoned pro- fessionalsandasareferenceguideforall.Thefirstsectionofthebooktackles definitionalandepidemiologicalissuesandtheeffectsofchildsexualabuse, both short term and into adulthood. Chapters on neurobiological implica- tionsofabuseandthelong-termphysiologicaleffectsoftraumahelptoframe the potential implications ofearlysexual victimization. The second section of the handbook begins with a description of the various professionals who may become involved when an allegation of sexual abuse has been made. Representatives from each professional discipline offer guidelines about their roles in cases of child sexual abuse (CSA)withaviewtohowmultidisciplinaryteammemberscancollaborate mosteffectively.Achapteronforensicinterviewingguidelinesisfollowed by chapters on the comprehensive assessment of children referred with alleged sexual abuse histories and considerations in providing develop- mentally sensitive assessment. Thethirdsectionofthehandbookcoverstreatmentoptionsforchildren whohavetraumagenicsymptomsasaresponsetotheirsexualvictimiza- tion. The case for evidence-based practice is made and then followed by Preface xiii chapters that explicate the most rigorously researched treatments for traumatizedchildren.Otherpromisingtreatmentsthatincorporateexpres- sivetherapiessuchasplay,art,andbibliotherapyaredetailedandaformat for group therapy is offered. Two dyadic treatments, each of which can enhance the positive relationship between the nonoffending parent and CSA survivor, are also outlined. The fourth section covers a range of information, including treatment considerationsforadolescentswhohavebeensexuallyabused,adolescent survivors who engage in self-injurious behaviors, and adolescents who engage in illegal sexual behavior. Cultural issues in intervention and preventionofchildsexualabuseareexploredandguidelinesareprovided for enhancing multicultural competencies. Secondary trauma and vicari- ous traumatization are also given attention as they are real concerns for anyhelpingprofessionalroutinelyinvolvedwithchildsexualabusecases. Thehandbookwrapsupwithachapterthatoffersanecologicalapproach for the prevention of CSA. It is my hope that this handbook equip those on the frontlines in the battleagainstCSAnotmerelywiththeknowledgethatcanbeculledfrom the breadth of empirical information, intervention models, and case conceptualizations offered in this volume, but also with renewed vision for the importance of the role played by each helping professional in the shaping of our culture and the healing of our children. Paris Goodyear-Brown
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