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Handbook of Chemical and Biological Plant Analytical Methods Handbook of Chemical and Biological Plant Analytical Methods VOLUME I Part One: Sample Preparation and Identification Part Two: Instrumentation for Chemical Analysis Editor-in-Chief Kurt Hostettmann Honorary Professor at the Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland Handbook of Chemical and Biological Plant Analytical Methods VOLUME II Part Three: Strategies for Selective Classes of Compounds Editor-in-Chief Kurt Hostettmann Honorary Professor at the Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland Handbook of Chemical and Biological Plant Analytical Methods VOLUME III Part Four: Biological Analysis Part Five: Drugs from Plants Part Six: Conclusion and Perspectives Editor-in-Chief Kurt Hostettmann Honorary Professor at the Universities of Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland Thiseditionfirstpublished2014 ©2014JohnWiley&SonsLtd Registeredoffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ, UnitedKingdom Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowto applyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com. Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewith theCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingor otherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withouttheprior permissionofthepublisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint maynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.All brandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksor registeredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductor vendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritative informationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisher isnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceis required,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. ThisEncyclopediaisanindependent,non-federalpublication,andtheviewsexpressedinthe publicationdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsoftheUnitedStatesGovernmentoranyofits agencies.TheviewsexpressedbyindividualFederalemployeesparticipatingintheaffairsofthis publicationaretheirownanddonotnecessarilyreflectthoseoftheUnitedStatesGovernment. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN-13:9781119952756 Setin10/11.5ptTimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India. PrintedandboundinSingaporebyMarkonoPrintMediaPteLtd. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry,inwhich atleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction. Editorial Board Editor-in-Chief KurtHostettmann HonoraryProfessorattheUniversitiesofGeneva,Lausanne,Nanjing,Shandongandatthe InstituteofMateriaMedica,ChineseAcademyofScience,Shanghai InvitedProfessoratChulabhornResearchInstitute,Bangkok,Thailand Champex-Lac,Switzerland Editors ShilinChen InstituteofMedicinalPlantDevelopment(IMPLAD) ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences(CAMS) WHOCollaboratingCentreforTraditionalMedicine Beijing PRChina AndrewMarston Deceased HermannStuppner UniversityofInnsbruck InstituteofPharmacy/Pharmacognosy CCB-CenterforChemistryandBiomedicine Innsbruck Austria