Handbook of artificial intelligence PDF
Preview Handbook of artificial intelligence
THE HANDBOOK OF ARTIFICIAL -•_•-•_••_•_' W^ mm VOLUME IV AVRON BARR PAUL COHEN R. EDWARD FEIGENBAUM A. > SGT.TS FPT USA The Handbook ofArtificial IntelligenceVolume IV is the much-anticipated fourthvolume in thisclassicAI reference series. Like the previousvolumes, VolumeIVis acollectionofoutstandingoriginalarticles byrenowned AIexperts thatinvestigate newtheories andtechnologies andthatpointto futuredirectionsforArtificialIntelli- gence. Written in aliterateandaccessiblestyle, these articles can be readbystudentsandothernewcomers to thefield, aswell asbyAI professionals. The HandbookofArtificial IntelligenceVol- ume IV beginswith achapteron the blackboard model ofproblem solving. The nextchapter, "CooperativeDis- tributed ProblemSolving" offers interestingreading on thestudyofhowaloosely-coupled networkofprob- lem solvers canworktogetherto solve problems that are beyondtheirindividual capabilities. Subsequent chapters explore the areas of: ExpertSystems, Natural Language Understanding, Knowledge-basedSoftware Engineering, Qualitative Physics, and Knowledge-based Simulation. The finalchapter, "ComputerVision Update;' looks atthe fascinatingscience and technologyof obtaining models, meanings, andcontrol information from visual data. The HandbookofArtificial Intelligence Series consists ofover 200 articlesonArtificial Intelligence research-the design ofcomputerprogramsthatexhibit near-human levels ofintelligence. Each article details a specific areaofinterestin this rapidlychangingfieldand presentsakeyconcept,animportantprogrammingtech- nique,oroneoftheoutstandingexamplesofAIprograms. The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Volume IV The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Volume IV edited by Avron Barr Paul R. Cohen and Edward A. Feigenbaum ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Reading, Massachusetts Menlo Park, California New York Don Mills, Ontario Wokingham, England Amsterdam Bonn Sydney Singapore Tokyo Madrid San Juan Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguishtheirproductsareclaimedastrademarks. Wherethose designations appear in this book and Addison-Wesley was aware ofatrademarkclaim, thedesignationshavebeenprintedininitial capital letters. Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (Revised for volume 4) The Handbook ofartificial intelligence. Includes bibliographies and indexes. Vol. 4 edited by Avron Barr, Paul R. Cohen, and Edward A. Feigenbaum. Vol. has imprint: Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. I. Artificial intelligence. I. Barr, Avron, 1949- II. Feigenbaum, Edward A. III. Cohen, Paul R. Q335.H36 006.3 80-28621 ISBN 0-201-51819-8 (hrd.) ISBN 0-201-51731-0 (pbk.) Copyright © 1989 by Addison-Wesley Publishing Company All rightsreserved. No partofthispublication maybereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in anyform orby any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other- wise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada. Cover design by Copenhaver Cumpston Text design by Dianne Kanerva Set in 10-point Century Schoolbook by DEKR Corporation ABCDEFGHIJ-DO-89 Firstprinting, December, 1989 To the memory ofour good friend Dianne Kanerva (Technical Editor, The Handbook ofArtificial Intelligence Volumes I-III) Editors Avron Barr Paul R. Cohen Edward A. Feigenbaum Contributors H. Penny Nii Edmund H. Durfee Victor R. Lesser Daniel D. Corkill Bruce G. Buchanan Reid G. Smith James Allen Michael R. Lowry Raul Duran Yumi Iwasaki Alfred Round Robert M. Haralick Alan K. Mackworth Steven L. Tanimoto
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