Handbook of Anthropometry

50 Pages·2012·1.21 MB·English

Handbook of Anthropometry

Victor R. Preedy
Editor
Handbook of
Anthropometry
Physical Measures of Human Form
in Health and Disease
Editor
Prof. Victor R. Preedy
King’s College London
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics
150 Stamford St.
London SE1 9NH
UK
ISBN 978-1-4419-1787-4 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1788-1
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1788-1
Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011935369
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
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Preface

There are a variety of theoretical and practical defi nitions of anthropometry, but in its
simplest form anthropometry is the physical measurement of the human body and its
parts. Methods can be very simple. On the other hand, advances in technology and
computing have given rise to the development of more sophisticated apparatus which
can be used to measure and characterise individual tissues and organs. Thus, anthro-
pometric devices can range from a simple tape to measure head circumference to
expensive electromagnetic image-capturing systems for characterising limb shapes.
These methods can be used to obtain information on normal people at various life
stages. Alternatively, anthropometry can be used and applied to understanding dis-
ease, including the responses to treatments, or to generate reference data. Understanding
and applying concepts and techniques of anthropometry require a good source of writ-
ten material that covers not only the theoretical basics but the practical applications
in health and disease. Hitherto such sources on human anthropometry have been
fragmentary, covering single facets without any cross-fertilisation between disci-
plines or sciences or between different intellectual divides. These defi ciencies are,
however, addressed in H andbook of Anthropometry: Physical Measures of Human
Form in Health and Disease , where all facets and features of anthropometry are
described. The book is divided into 26 different parts as follows:
Part I: Tools and Techniques in Anthropometry: General Methods
Part II: Tools and Techniques in Anthropometry: Water, Hydration and Surface
Area
Part III: Tools and Techniques in Anthropometry: Muscle
Part IV: Tools and Techniques in Anthropometry: Adipose Tissue, Other
Compartments and Relationships
Part V: Regions and Anatomical Areas of the Body: Head and Face
Part VI: Regions and Anatomical Areas of the Body: Limbs, Extremities and
Bones
Part VII: Regions and Anatomical Areas of the Body: Joints and Digits
Part VIII: Regions and Anatomical Areas of the Body: Abdominal and Trunk
Regions
Part IX: Regions and Anatomical Areas of the Body: Sensory Organs
Part X: Regions and Anatomical Areas of the Body: Internal Organs, Other
Tissues and Regions
Part XI: Anthropometry of Pregnancy: Prenatal and Postnatal Aspects
Part XII: Anthropometry of Infants and Children
v
vi Preface
Part XIII: Anthropometry of Puberty and Adolescence in Health and Disease
Part XIV: Anthropometry of Middle-Aged and Aged in Health and Disease
Part XV: Anthropometry in Genetic Disease and Polymorphisms
Part XVI: Anthropometry in Cancer
Part XVII: Anthropometry in Exercise and Sport Activities
Part XVIII: Anthropometry in Metabolic Disease and Obesity
Part XIX: Anthropometry in Diabetes
Part XX: Anthropometry in Cardiovascular Disease
Part XXI: Anthropometry in Organ Disease
Part XXII: Anthropometry in Special Conditions and Circumstances
Part XXIII: Anthropometry in Ethnic Groups and Cultural and Geographical Diversity
Part XXIV: Anthropometry and Nutrition: General Aspects
Part XXV: Anthropometry and Nutrition: Micro- and Macro-Nutrients
Part XXVI: Biomechanical and Ergonomic Aspects
The chapters are written by national and international experts who are specialists in
their fi eld. Each chapter is self-contained. Sometimes experts in one fi eld are novices
in another. To bridge this intellectual divide, the authors have incorporated sections on
applications to other areas of health and disease, practical methods and techniques,
guidelines, and key points or features. The summary points presented in bullet form
are designed for easier intellectual digestion. This book is for health scientists, doc-
tors, nurses, physiologists, nutritionists and dietitians, public health scientists, epide-
miologists, health workers and practitioners, exercise physiologists, physiotherapists,
university faculty, undergraduates and graduates. It is also designed for policy makers,
designers and ergonomists.
Biography
Victor R. Preedy is currently Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry in the Department
of Nutrition and Dietetics, King’s College London, and Honorary Professor of
Clinical Biochemistry in the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King’s College
Hospital. He is also Director of the Genomics Centre, Kings College London. He is
presently a member of the School of Medicine, King’s College London. King’s
College London is one of the leading universities, currently ranked consistently
within the top 25 in the world. Professor Preedy gained his Ph.D. in 1981, and in
1992 he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists (MRCPath),
based on his published works. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of
Pathologists (FRCPath) in 2000. In 1993 , he gained his second doctoral degree (D.Sc.)
for his outstanding contribution to protein metabolism. In 2004, Professor Preedy
was elected as a Fellow to both the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health (FRSH )
and the Royal Institute of Public Health (FRIPHH). In 2009, he was elected as a
Fellow of the Royal Society for Public Health (FRSPH). He is also a Fellow of the
Society of Biology (FSB). Professor Preedy has written or edited over 550 articles,
which include over 160 peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research and 85
reviews and 30 books. His interests pertain to matters concerning nutrition and health
at the individual and societal levels.
vii

Contents
Part I Tools and Techniques in Anthropometry: General Methods
1 Calculating Sample Size in Anthropometry ...................................... 3
Carine A. Bellera, Bethany J. Foster, and James A. Hanley
2 Use of Percentiles and Z-Scores in Anthropometry ............................ 29
Youfa Wang and Hsin-Jen Chen
3 Use of Bioelectrical Impedance: General
Principles and Overview ........................................................................ 49
Alexander Stahn, Elmarie Terblanche, and Hanns-Christian Gunga
4 An Anthropometric Analysis of Seated and Standing People ............ 91
Antonino Nucara, Matilde Pietrafesa, Gianfranco Rizzo,
and Gianluca Scaccianoce
5 Optical and Electromagnetic Shape-Capturing Systems
for Limb Anthropometrics .................................................................... 115
Mark D. Geil
6 The Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF):
An Alternative Indicator for Malnutrition in Young Children.......... 127
Shailen Nandy and Peter Svedberg
7 The Human Body Shape Index (HBSI): An Anthropometric
Measure Based on an Age-Related Model of Human Growth ........... 139
Maria K. Lebiedowska and Steven J. Stanhope
8 Reproducibility of DXA Measurements of Bone Mineral
and Body Composition: Application to Routine
Clinical Measurements .......................................................................... 151
Colin E. Webber
ix
x Contents
9 Self-Reported Anthropometry: Body Mass Index
and Body Composition .......................................................................... 167
Savvas P. Tokmakidis, Antonios D. Christodoulos,
and Helen T. Douda
10 Body Composition Analysis Using Radionuclides .............................. 185
Themistoklis Tzotzas, Georgios Karanikas, and Gerasimos E. Krassas
11 Three-Dimensional (3-D) Photonic Scanning:
A New Approach to Anthropometry .................................................... 205
Jonathan C.K. Wells
12 3D Craniofacial Anthropometry, Simplifi ed and Accelerated
by Semi-Automatic Calliper .................................................................. 219
Constantin A. Landes, Michael Trolle, and Robert Sader
13 Issues in Measurement of Pubertal Development ............................... 237
Frank M. Biro and Lorah D. Dorn
14 New Anthropometric History: An Analysis
of the Secular Trend in Height .............................................................. 253
Laurent Heyberger
Part II Tools and Techniques in Anthropometry:
Water, Hydration and Surface Area
15 Total Body Water in Health and Disease:
A Look at End-Stage Renal Disease ..................................................... 273
Luigi Vernaglione, Carlo Lomonte, and Carlo Basile
16 Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis for Assessment
of Hydration in Physiological States and Clinical Conditions ........... 287
Henry C. Lukaski and Antonio Piccoli
17 The Uses and Misuses of Body Surface Area in Medicine ................. 307
James Heaf
Part III Tools and Techniques in Anthropometry: Muscle
18 Anthropometry of Human Muscle Using Segmentation
Techniques and 3D Modelling: Applications to Lower
Motor Neuron Denervated Muscle in Spinal Cord Injury ................. 323
Paolo Gargiulo, Ugo Carraro, Thomas Mandl, Helmut Kern,
Sandra Zampieri, Winfried Mayr, and Thordur Helgason
19 Upper Limb Muscle Volumes in Adults ............................................... 355
Katherine R. Saul, Scott L. Delp, Garry E. Gold,
and Wendy M. Murray