Handbook of Animal Models of Infection: Experimental Models in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy PDF
Preview Handbook of Animal Models of Infection: Experimental Models in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
HANDBOOK OF ANIMAL MODELS OF INFECTION This Page Intentionally Left Blank HANDBOOK OF ANIMAL MODELS OF INFECTION Experimental Models in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Edited by Oto Zak Formerly Head of Infectious Diseases Research Department Pharmaceuticals Division CIBA-GEIGY Limited Basel, Switzerland Merle A. Sande Professor and Chairman Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah USA Academic Press San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-flee paper. Copyright (cid:14)9 1999 by ACADEMIC PRESS, except Chapter 26, which is a US government work in the public domain and is not subject to copyright All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press 24-28 Oval Road, London NW 1 7DX, UK http://www.hbuk.co.uk/ap/ Academic Press a division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.apnet.com ISBN 0-12-775390-7 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 98-89455 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent, UK Printed in Great Britain by The Bath Press, Bath, Avon, UK 99 00 01 02 03 B P 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents List of Section Editors ix 12. Modes of Action of Antibiotics and Bacterial Structure: Bacterial Mass Versus their List of Contributors xi Numbers 105 Preface xix V. Lorian Introduction: The Role of Animal Models xxi 13. Activity of Antibiotics Against Adherent/Slow- in the Evaluation of New Antibodies growing Bacteria Reflecting the Situation O. Zak, M. A. Sande, 7-. O'Reilly in vivo 117 L Foley, M. R. W. Brown INTRODUCTORY BACKGROUND TO ANIMAL MODELS OF INFECTION 1 O. Zak BACTERIAL INFECTION MODELS 125 1. Early History of Animal Models of Infection 3 C. Carbon, B. Fantin, 7-. O'Reilly A. Contrepois, A.-M. Moulin 14. The Mouse Peritonitis/Sepsis Model 127 2. General Methodologies for Animal Models 9 N. Frimodt-Moller, ]. D. Knudsen, M. S. Rouse, W. R. Wilson E Espersen 3. Ethics Committees in Europe~An Overview 13 15. Murine Thigh Infection Model 137 P. de Greeve, W. de Leeuw S. Gudmundsson, H. Erlensd6ttir 4. Animal Care and Use Committees--An 16. Mouse Subcutaneous Cotton Thread American Perspective 19 Model 145 T. Allen, R. Crawford ]. Renneberg 5. Ethical Aspects of the Use of Animal Models 17. Infection after Ionizing Radiation 151 of Infection 29 L Brook,, T. B. Elliott, G. D. Ledney D. B. Morton 18. Intra-abdominal Abscess 163 6. The Impact of General Laboratory Animal I. Brook Health on Experimental Models in 19. Mouse Peritonitis Model Using Cecal Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 49 Ligation and Puncture 173 A. K. Hansen M. Skroti, ]. C. Peyton, H/[. G. Ckeadle 7. Non-invasive Monitoring of Infection and Gene 20. Murine Models of Peritonitis Involving a Expression in Living Animal Models 61 Foreign Body 183 R R. Contag, A. B. Olomu, C. H. Contag E Espersen, N. Frimodt-Moller 8. Considerations for Working Safely with 21. Rat Polymicrobial Peritonitis Infection Infectious Disease Agents in Research Agents 69 Model 189 ]. Y. Richmond, E Quimby H. Dupont, P. Montravers 9. Analysis of Genetic Susceptibility to Infection 22. Murine Thigh Suture Model 195 in Mice 75 ]. D. Pietsck, H. C. Polk, ]r E. Busckman, E. Skamene 23. Animal Models of Melioidosis 199 10. Formulation of Compounds and Determination D. De Shazer, D. E. Woods of Pharmacokinetic Parameters 83 24. Low Inoculum Model of Clean Wound R. M. Cozens Infection 205 11. Methods for Obtaining Human-like A. B. Kaiser, D. S. Kernodle Pharmacokinetic Patterns in Experimental 25. Translocation of Gut Bacteria During Animals 93 Trauma 213 L. Mizen L. Magnotti, D.-Z. Xu, E. A. Deitch vi CONTENTS 26. Mouse Models of Campylobacterjejuni 48. Rat Model of Bacterial Epididymitis 419 Infection 223 H. G. Schiefer, C. ]antos S. Baqar, E. E Burg III, J. R. Murphy 49. Mouse Model of Mycoplasma Genital 27. Suckling Mouse Model of Enterotoxigenic Infections 427 Escherickia coli Infection 241 D. Taylor-Robinson, P. M. Furr M. Duchet-Suchaux 50. Mouse Model of Ascending Urinary Tract 28. Rabbit Model of Shigellosis 255 Infection 435 M. E. Etheridge W. J. Hopkins 29. RITARD Rabbit Model for Studying 51. Mouse Model of Ascending UTI Involving Vibrio cholerae and Other Enteric Short and Long-term Indwelling Infections 261 Catheters 441 P. Panigrahi, J. G. Morris Jr D. E. Johnson, C. V. Lockatell 30. Mouse Model of Helicobacter priori 52. Rat Bladder Infection Model 447 Infection 265 T. Matsumoto P. Ghiara, G. del Giudice, R. Rappuoli 53. Rabbit Model of Catheter-associated 31. Animal Models of Helicobacter (ferrets) 273 Urinary Tract Infection 453 R. P. Marini, J. G. Fox D. W. Morc k, M. E. Olson, R. R. Read, 32. Hamster Model of Syphilis 285 A. G. Buret, H. Ceri J. D. Alder 54. Subclinical Pyelonephritis in the Rat 463 33. Guinea-pig Model of Acquired and G. Findon Congenital Syphilis 291 55. Models of Acute and Chronic V. Wicker, K. Wicker Pyelonephritis in the Rat 469 34. The Guinea-pig Model of Legionnaires' G. Findon Disease 303 56. Rat Model of Chronic Cystitis 475 P. H. Edelstein D. ]. Ormrod, T. E. Miller 35. Murine Models of Tuberculosis 315 57. Mouse Pneumococcal Pneumonia Models 481 L M. Orme E. Azoulay-Dupuis, P. Moine 36. Beige Mouse Model of Disseminated 58. Animal Models of Gram-negative Bacillary Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection 321 Experimental Pneumonia 495 M. H. Cynamon, M. S. DeStefano M. S. Rouse, ]. M. Steckelberg 37. The Armadillo Leprosy Model, with 59. Models of Pneumonia in Ethanol-treated Particular Reference to Lepromatous Rats 501 Neuritis 331 M.J. Gentry, L. C. Prekeim D. M. Scollard, R. W. Truman 60. Pneumococcal Pneumonia and Bacteria in a 38. Models of Leprosy Infection in Mice 337 Cirrhotic Rat Model 509 B. Ji, L. Levy L. C. Prekeim, G. L. Gorby, M.J. Gentry 39. Hamster Model of Lyme Arthritis 347 61. Rat Model of Chronic Pseudomonas R. E Schell, S. M. CaUister aeruginosa Lung Infection 517 40. Rabbit Model of Bacterial Conjunctivitis 353 H. K. Jokansen, N. Hoiby M. Motschmann, W. Behrens-Baumann 62. Hamster Model of Mycoplasma Pulmonary 41. Murine Model of Bacterial Keratitis 361 Infections 527 K. A. Kernacki, J. A. Hobden, L. D. Hazlett K. Ishida, M. Kaku, ]. Skimada 42. The Rabbit Intrastromal Injection Model of 63. Murine Models of Pneumonia Using Bacterial Keratitis 367 Aerosol Inoculation 533 R. J. O'Callaghan, L. S. Engel, J. M. Hill J. Leggett 43. Gerbil Model of Acute Otitis Media 375 64. Experimental Models of Infectious B. Barry, M. Muffat-Joly Arthritis 539 44. Bacterial Otitis Externa in the Guinea-pig T. Bremell Model 385 65. Experimental Group B Streptococcus S. A. Estrem Arthritis in Mice 549 45. Otitis Media: The Chinchilla Model 389 L. Tissi D. M. Haje k, Z. Yuan, M. K. Quartey, 66. Rat Model of Bacterial Osteomyelitis of G. S. Giebin k the Tibia 561 46. A Guinea Pig Model of Acute Otitis Media 403 T. O'Reilly, J. T. Mader T. G. Takoudes, J. Haddad Jr 67. Hematogenous Osteomyelitis in the Rat 577 47. Tissue Cage Infection Model 409 S. A. Hienz, C. E. Nord, A. Heimdakl, E P. W. Zimmerli Reinholt, J.-L Floc k CONTENTS vii 68. Rabbit Model of Bacterial Osteomyelitis of 88. Rat Models of Ascending Pyelonephritis the Tibia 581 Due to Candida albicans 727 ]. T. Mader, M. E. Shirtliff M. Okkawa, M. Takashima, T. Nishikawa, 69. Arthroplasty Model in Rats 593 S. Tokunaga J. Renneberg, K. Piper, M. Rouse 89. Rat Model of Candida Vaginal Infection 735 7O. Arthroplasty Model in Rabbits 599 E de Bernardis, R. Lorenzini, A. Cassone N. S. Soe-Nielsen, J. Renneberg 90. Murine Models of Candida Vaginal 71. Mouse Model of Streptococcal Fasciitis 605 Infections 741 S. Sriskandan, J. Cohen P. L. Fidel Jr, J. D. Sobel 72. Rabbit Model of Bacterial Endocarditis 611 91. Sporotrichosis 749 A. Lefort, B. Fantin A. Polak-Wyss 73. Infant Rat Model of Acute Meningitis 619 U. Vogel, M. Frosch 74. Adult Rat Model of Meningitis 627 G. C. Townsend, W. M. ScheM 75. Rabbit Model of Bacterial Meningitis 631 IV PARASITIC INFECTION MODELS 755 J. Tureen, E. Tuomanen R. Kaminsky 76. Escherichia coli Brain Abscess Method in 92. Malaria 757 Rat 639 W. Peters, B. L. Robinson J. M. Nazzaro, E. A. Neuwelt 93. Animal Models of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 775 V. Yardley, S. L. Croft III MYCOTIC INFECTION MODELS 647 94. Animal Models of Visceral Leishmaniasis 783 C. Carbon, B. Fantin, 7-. O'Reilly S. L. Croft, V. Yardley 77. Rodent Models of Candida Sepsis 649 95. Animal Models of Acute (first-stage) v. /o& P. Y~i Sleeping Sickness 789 78. A Generalized Candida albicans Infection R. Brun, R. Kaminsky Model in the Rat 657 96. Animal Models of CNS (second-stage) A. Schmidt Sleeping Sickness 795 79. Experimental Oropharyngeal and C. Gichuki, R. Brun Gastrointestinal Candida Infection in 97. Animal Models of Trypanosoma cruzi Mice 663 Infection 801 A. M. Flattery, G. K. Abruzzo, C. G. Gill, M. M. do Canto Cavalheiro, L. L. Leon J. G. Smith, K. Bartizal 98. Animal Models of Toxoplasma Infection 811 80. Paw Oedema as a Model of Localized K. Janitschke Candidiasis 667 99. Animal Models of Coccidia Infection 821 G. Findon A. Haberkorn, G. Greif 81. Murine Model of Allergic Bronchopulmonary 100. Animal Models of Trichomonas vaginalis Aspergillosis 673 Infection with Special Emphasis on the P. Dussault, M. Laviolette, G. M. Tremblay Intravaginal Mouse Model 839 82. Experimental Pulmonary Cryptococcal S. E Hayward-McClelland, K. L. Delgaty, Infection in Mice 681 G. E. Garber M. F. Lipscomb, C. R. Lyons, A. A. Izzo, 101. Animal Models of Cryptosporidium J. Lovchi k, J. A. Wilder Gastrointestinal Infection 851 83. Experimental Pulmonary Cryptococcus D. S. Lindsay, B. L. Blagburn, S.J. Upton neoformans Infection in Rats 687 102. Animal Models of Entamoeba histolytica D. L. Goldman, A. Casadevall Infection 859 84. Rat Model of Invasive Pulmonary S. L. Stanley Jr, T. Zhang, K. B. Seydel Aspergillosis 693 103. Animal Models of Giardiasis 867 A. C. A. P.. Leenders, E. W. M. van Etten, R. C. A. Thompson L A. ]. M. Bakker-Woudenberg 104. Schistosomosis 873 85. Rabbit Model of Candida Keratomycosis 697 G. C. Coles M. Motsckmann, W. Behrens-Baumann 105. Animal Models for Echinococcosis 877 86. Experimental Candida Endocarditis 709 T. Romig, B. Bilger M. R. Yeaman, ]. Lee, A. S. Bayer 106. Intestinal Worm Infections 885 87. Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningitis 721 S. S. Johnson, E. M. Thomas, I. R. Perfect T. G. Geary viii CONTENTS VIRAL INFECTION MODELS 897 118. The Mouse Model of Influenza Virus E. R. Kem Infection 981 107. Animal Models for Central Nervous System R. W. Sidwell and Disseminated Infections with Herpes 119. The Ferret as an Animal Model of Influenza Simplex Virus 899 Virus Infection 989 E. R. Kern C. Sweet, R. J. Fenton, G. E. Price 108. Animal Models of Herpesvirus Genital 120. The Cotton Rat as a Model of Respiratory Infection: Guinea-Pig 907 Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis, Prophylaxis N. Bourne, L. R. Stanberry and Therapy 999 109. Animal Models of Herpes Skin Infection: G. A. Prince Guinea-pig 911 121. Animal Models for Coxsackievirus Infections 1005 M. B. McKeough, S. L. Spruance C. J. Gauntt 110. Animal Models of Ocular Herpes Simplex 122. Animal Models for HBV Infections-- Virus Infection (Rabbits, Primates, Mice) 919 Transgenic Mice 1009 B. M. Gebhardt, E. D. Varnell, ]. M. Hill, J. D. Morrey, R. W. Sidwell, B. A. Korba H. E. Kaufman 123. Animal Models for Hepatitis B Infections-- 111. Animal Models for Cytomegalovirus Duck Hepatitis 1021 Infection: Murine CMV 927 T.. Shaw, C. A. Luscombe, S. A. Locarnini E. R. Kern 124. Woodchuck Model of Hepatitis B Virus 112. Animal Models for Cytomegalovirus Infection 1033 Infection: Guinea-Pig CMV 935 B. C. Tennant D. L Bernstein, N. Bourne 125. Animal Models of Papillomavirus Infections 1039 113. Animal Models for Cytomegalovirus N. D. Christensen, J. W. Kreider Infection: Rat CMV 943 126. Adult Mouse Model for Rotavirus 1049 E S. Stals R. L. Ward, M. M. McNeal 114. Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of the 127. Animal Models for Lentivirus Infections m SCID-hu (thy/liv) Mouse 951 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus 1055 G. W. Kemble, G. M. Duke, E. S. Mocarski M. ]. Burkhard, E. A. Hoover 115. Animal Model for Ocular Human 128. Animal Models of HIV Infection: SIV Cytomegalovirus Infections in SCID-hu Infection of Macaques 1061 Mice 957 K. K. A. Van Rompay, N. L. Aguirre D. J. Bidanset, M. del Cerro, E. S. Lazar, 129. The SCID-hu Thy-Liv Mouse: an Animal O. M. Faye-Petersen, E. R. Kern Model for HIV- 1 Infection 1069 116. Animal Models for Varicella Zoster C. A. Stoddart Infections: Simian Varicella 963 130. Animal Models for HIV Infection: hu-PBL- K. F. Soike SCID Mice 1077 117. Varicella Zoster Infection of T cells and Skin D. E. Mosier in the SCID-hu Mouse Model 973 131. Chimpanzee Model of HIV- 1 Infection 1085 ]. E Moffat, A. M. Arvin P. N. Fultz An eight page colour plate section appears between pages 576 and 577. Section Editors Oto Zak Ronald Kaminsky Rheinparkstrasse 1/14, Swiss Tropical Institute, CH-4127 Birsfelden, Socinstrasse 57, Switzerland Postfach, Basel C H 4002, Claude Carbon Switzerland Hopital Bichat, Present address: Henri Huchard, Novartis, F75018 Paris, Cedex 18, Centre de Recherche Sant8 Animale SA, France CH 1566, St-Aubin, Switzerland Bruno Fantin Unite de Medicine Interne, Earl Kern H6pital Beaujon, Dept of Paediatrics 8: Division of Clinical Virology, 100 bd du General-Leclerc, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 92118 CHICHY Cedex, 309 Bevill Biomedical Research Building, France 845 19th Street South, Birmingham, Terence O'Reilly Alabama 35294-2170, Novartis Pharma Research, USA K125.1.05, Basel, C H 4002, Switzerland
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