Handbook of Analytical Techniques in Concrete Science and Technology: Principles, Techniques and Applications (Building Materials)

994 Pages·2002·8.74 MB·English

by  Vangi S. Ramachandran

HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES IN CONCRETE
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Principles, Techniques, and Applications
Edited by
V. S. Ramachandran
and
James J. Beaudoin
Institute for Research in Construction
National Research Council Canada
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
NOYES PUBLICATIONS
Park Ridge, New Jersey, U.S.A.
WILLIAM ANDREW PUBLISHING, LLC
Norwich, New York, U.S.A.

Copyright © 2001 by William Andrew Publishing/Noyes Publications
No part of this book may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, elec-
tronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the Publisher.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-29616
ISBN: 0-8155-1437-9
Printed in the United States
Published in the United States of America by
Noyes Publications / William Andrew Publishing, LLC
Norwich, New York, U.S.A.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ramachandran, V. S.
Handbook of analytical techniques in concrete science and
technology / by V.S. Ramachandran and J.J. Beaudoin.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8155-1437-9
1. Concrete--Testing. 2. Concrete--Analysis. I. Beaudoin, J. J.
II. Title.
TA440.R26 1999
624.1'83--dc21 99-29616
CIP

BUILDING MATERIALS SCIENCE SERIES
Editor
V. S. Ramachandran, National Research Council Canada
CONCRETE ADMIXTURES HANDBOOK; Properties, Science and Technology, Second
Edition: edited by V. S. Ramachandran
CONCRETE ALKALI-AGGREGATE REACTIONS: edited by P. E. Grattan-Bellew
CONCRETE MATERIALS; Properties, Specifications and Testing, Second Edition: by
Sandor Popovics
HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN CONCRETE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;
Principles, Techniques, and Applications: edited by V. S. Ramachandran and James J.
Beaudoin
HANDBOOK OF CONCRETE AGGREGATES; A Petrographic and Technological Evaluation:
by Ludmila Dolar-Mantuani
HANDBOOK OF FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE; Principles, Properties, Developments,
and Applications: by James J. Beaudoin
HANDBOOK OF POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETE AND MORTARS; Properties and
Process Technology: by Yoshihiko Ohama
WASTE MATERIALS USED IN CONCRETE MANUFACTURING: edited by Satish Chandra
Related Titles
CORROSION AND CHEMICAL RESISTANT MASONRY MATERIALS HANDBOOK: by W.
L. Sheppard, Jr.
v
NOTICE
To the best of our knowledge the information in this publication is
accurate; however the Publisher does not assume any responsibility
or liability for the accuracy or completeness of, or consequences
arising from, such information. This book is intended for informational
purposes only. Mention of trade names or commercial products does
not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Publisher.
Final determination of the suitability of any information or product
for use contemplated by any user, and the manner of that use, is the
sole responsibility of the user. We recommend that anyone intending
to rely on any recommendation of materials or procedures mentioned
in this publication should satisfy himself as to such suitability, and
that he can meet all applicable safety and health standards.
Foreword
Material sciences have always been a leading driver in construction
innovation. This is still true today with new technologies producing new
materials and advancing the performance and applications of old ones. Many
issues have to be addressed and resolved before such materials are
confidently accepted in practice. Issues such as durability and long-term
performance, design methods to allow their integration in construction, and
new or modified standards to facilitate acceptance in the marketplace are
often mentioned. This book on analytical techniques in concrete science and
technology is a valuable addition to the literature addressing these subjects.
Over the past three decades, material scientists at IRC have contrib-
uted extensively to the advances on construction research through the
development of experimental techniques. Their work is based on innovations
in many areas including differential thermal methods, x-ray diffractometry,
electron microscopy, petrography and design of special miniature techniques
for determining mechanical behavior of cement systems. It is, therefore,
natural to see that seven of the book’s chapters are written by IRC scientists.
To add to this strength, the other thirteen chapters are written by world-class
experts in their respective fields.
The book is the first of its kind addressing technologies associated with
the use of both organic and inorganic products and composite materials. The
principles of the techniques are explained and applications clearly described.
In addition, a wide selection of references are provided to give the reader
ready access to more detailed information should it be required.
vii
Foreword
The techniques described in the book are useful for analysis and
prediction of many material-related issues such as: (i) resolving durability
issues related to the mechanisms of reaction, (ii) determining parameters
that influence reaction kinetics of processes that affect material properties
and service life of building elements, (iii) developing and characterizing new
materials for durable structures, (iv) establishing reasons for structural
failures and conducting related forensic investigations, (v) providing a basis
for the development of relevant standards and methods for advancing
aspects of objective based codes, and (vi) validating numerical methods for
predicting long-term performance of construction materials.
The result is a handbook that presents up-to-date information in the
form that makes it valuable to read and come back to frequently. It should
become a valuable reference source for students and practitioners as well
as professionals engaged in standards writing.
Sherif Barakat
Director General
Institute for Research in Construction
National Research Council Canada
Ottawa, Canada
Preface
Concrete is a composite material formed by mixing and curing
ingredients such as cement, fine and coarse aggregates, and water. Most
concretes, however, contain additional ingredients such as chemical admix-
tures including air-entraining admixtures, fly ash, fibers, slag, and other
products.
The physical, chemical and durability characteristics of concrete
depend on many factors such as the type and amount of the components,
temperature, pore and pore size distribution, surface area, interfacial
features, exposure conditions, etc. Consequently, a good understanding of
various processes occurring in cementitious systems necessitates the
application of diverse techniques.
Several physical, chemical, and mechanical techniques are applied in
concrete research and practice. They provide important information, includ-
ing characterization of raw materials and cured concrete, quality control,
quantitative estimation of products, prediction of performance, development
of accelerated test methods, study of interrelationships amongst physical,
chemical, mechanical, and durability characteristics, development of new
materials, etc. In most instances, no single technique provides all the needed
information and hence application of several techniques becomes neces-
sary. Information on the application of various techniques in concrete is
dispersed in literature, and few books are available that serve as a source or
reference. Hence a handbook incorporating the latest knowledge on the
application of various investigative techniques in concrete science and
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