Handbook of air toxics sampling, analysis, and properties

633 Pages·2020·27.939 MB·English

by  Keith, Lawrence H., Walker, Mary M

HANDBOOK of

AIR TOXIes
Sampling, Analysis,
and P roperties
Lawrence H. IZeith
Mary M. W all(er
C\
Taylor & F rancis
~ Taylor & F rancis Group
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NOTICE: Computerized Version
and Copyright Permission
This printed book, Handbook ofA ir Toxies: Sampling, Analysis, a nd Properties, is a derivative of
a computerized (electronic) version which is produced in a fully searchable hypertext format using
Microsoft® Windows™ under the title Instant E PA's A ir T oxies . The computerized version was
produced in order to provide complete searching flexibility sometimes needed with a complex
technical reference book such as this because of the limitations of a printed index. Instant E PA's
Air T oxies is available from the publisher, Instant Reference Sources, Inc. (Telephone: 800-301­
0359; FAX: [phone]) and from other distributors. Instant Reference Sources, Inc. has given
permission for the copyright of Handbook of Air Toxies: Sampling, Analysis, and P roperties
to Lewis Publishers.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The editors thank Ms. Christine Baker of Mary Walker and Associates, Inc. for technical research
and editorial assistance.

Dr. Lawrence H . Keith
Dr. Lawrence H. Keith is a Corporate Fellow at Radian Corporation in Austin, Texas. A pioneer in
the development of methods for environmental analyses, Dr. Keith started his career at the EPA
Water Research Laboratory in Athens, GA in the mid 1960's and then joined Radian Corporation in
1977. At Radian he is involved in helping to develop and market new environmental reference
materials for use in trace level analyses and he also directs projects involving environmental sam­
pling and analysis and analytical method development.
He is also past chairman of the American Chemical Society (ASC) Division of Environmental
Chemistry and a current Executive Committee Member of that Division and the Editor of the Divi­
sion Newsletter, EnvirofACS. He is also Chairman of the ACS Committee on Environmental
Improvement Subcommittee on Monitoring and Analysis. Dr. Keith has lectured widely in the
U.S. and other countries and also teaches short courses on Practical Environmental Sampling and
Analysis.
He became interested in computerized publications in 1985 and founded Instant Reference Sources
with his wife, Virginia Keith, in order to publish some of the earliest electronic books.
Mary M . W alker
Mary M. Walker is owner and president of Mary Walker & Associates, Inc., an environmental
consulting an publications firm located in Lookout Mountain, TN. Consulting specialties of the
firm include mediation of environmental conflict, environmental risk management, regulatory liai­
son, environmental policy development, and facilitation of public participation for businesses,
industry, and government. Current publications include electronic databases in collaboration with
Dr. Keith, and a regional environmental magazine called EnviroLink.
Ms. Walker is an environmental chemist and senior level Certified Hazardous Materials Manager
with more than twenty-five years of varied experience. She has been an environmental chemist and
computer systems designer for the Cancer Research Center of the Bowman Gray School of
Medicine, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. As an
environmental consultant over the past six years, she has counseled businesses and industries on
environmental risk management and public interaction, and managed environmental site assessments.
Ms. Walker is currently Program Chair for the Division of Environmental Chemistry of the Ameri­
can Chemical Society, a member of the Executive Committee of the Environmental Division, and
a member of the National Committee for Environmental Improvement of the American Chemical
Society.

Preface

This book is a printed version of a four volume electronic database series for DOS, and a
combined single volume hypertext version using Microsoft Windows. The DOS version was
produced first (in 1991), before Windows was in such frequent use, and it is also published by
Lewis Publishers. The Microsoft Windows version was produced in the fall of 1994 as a key
member of the Professional PC References / Windows series in order to provide this important
information in the new hyperlinked format. The Windows version is published by Instant
Reference Sources, Inc. under the title Instant EPA's Air Toxics and is hyperlinked to other
members of this series by chemical names and also by analytical methods.
These three publications thus provide a comprehensive reference work in any of the three
formats from which someone may wish to access it (DOS, Windows, or as a printed and bound
book). The publications are intended to help regulators, and the regulated community, meet the
challenges of sampling and analysis, emissions reductions, and health and safety issues related to
human exposure. Although this book contains the same information as the two electronic
versions, it cannot be searched like them and thus lacks the power to find any and every
occurrence of keywords singly or in combination with each other. However, it is a helpful
compilation of data in its own way and we hope it will be a useful addition to your library of
references.
Much of this data was obtained from the National Toxicology Program's Chemical
Database and other referenced literature sources. For substances indicated in the Clean Air Act
Amendments as compound groups, many hundreds of chemicals belong to each group. The
Editors have selected examples of members of each group and provided data available from our
reference sources for these examples. These representative compounds and elements are listed in
Chapter 3. We have also provided the Clean Air Act's definitions or notes for the groups as
appropriate. Many of the air toxics have several synonyms in common usage and Chapter 3
includes lists of common synonyms with each compound. The order of air toxics in this
publication (and the Appendix of Air Toxics Names) varies slightly from the order given in the
Clean Air Act Amendments, due to differences in conventions used to alphabetize the lists.
Reference numbers for the literature sources for most items of chemical and
physical data are given in brackets following the data entry in this book. Where no reference
number is given, the information comes from the National Toxicology Program's Chemical
Database but was not further referenced in that source.
Larry Keith
Mary Walker
January, 1995

Table of Contents

Preface.................................................... ......................................................................... x

Chapter 1 Sampling EPA's Air Toxics .......................................................................... 1

Introduction ....................................................................... .................................. 1

Problems Unique to Sampling Air .......................................................... 3

Obtaining Representative Samples .......................................................... 4

Selecting Sampling Devices .................................................................... 5

Influence of Meterology on Sampling Air .............................................. 9

Influence of Topography on Sampling Air ............................................. 10

Chapter 2 Analysis of EPA's Air Toxics ....................................................................... 11

Analysis of EPA's Air Toxics .......................................................................................... 11

Introduction ...........•................................................................. ............................ 11

References for Chapters 1 and 2 .............................................................. 12

Analytical Method Summaries ............................................................................ 13

EPA METHOD 0010 - Sampling For Semivolatile Organic

Compounds.............................................................................................. 13

EPA METHOD 0011 - Sampling & Analysis For Aldehydes &

Ketones .................................................................................................... 17

EPA METHOD 0012 - Sampling Metals Using A Sampling Train ....... 19

EPA METHOD 0030 - Sampling Volatile Organics Using A

Sampling Train (VOST) ............................ .............................................. 21

EPA METHOD 0050 - Sampling HCI & Chlorine By Isokinetic

Sampling Train .... ......... ........................................................................... 23

EP A METHOD 0051 - Sampling HCI & Chlorine By Midget

Impingers ................................................................................................. 25

EPA METHOD 5040 -Thermal Desorption & GC/MS Analysis Of

Volatile Organics ..................................................................................... 26

EPA METHOD 5041 -Thermal Desorption & HRGC/MS Analysis

Of Volatile Organics ...................... ......................................................... 28

EPA METHOD 8080 -Chlorinated Pesticides & PCBs By GC/ECD

Or GC/ELCD . ....... .................................... .... ........................... ................ 33

EPA METHOD 8270 - Semivolatile Organic Compounds By

HRGC/MS . ...... ........................ ....................... ......................................... 3 5

EPA METHOD 8280 -PCDDs & PCDFs By HRGC/MS Using

Selected Ion Monitoring .......................................................................... 40

EPA METHOD 8290 -PCDDs & PCDFs By HRGC/HRMS With

Labeled Standards .................................................... .... ........................... 42

EPA METHOD 8310 -Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons By

HPLC/uV Or Fluorescence..................................................................... 44

EPA METHOD 8315 -Formaldehyde, Aldehydes & Ketones By

HPLC Of DNPHs .................................................................................... 46

EPA METHOD 8318 -N-Methyl Carbamates By

HPLClFluorescence Of Derivatives
48