Handbook of Adolescent Health Care

839 Pages·2008·5.416 MB·English

by  Lawrence S. Neinstein et al.

P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
H A N D B O O K O F
ADOLESCENT
HEALTH CARE
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Lawrence S. Neinstein, MD, FACP
ProfessorofPediatricsandMedicine
ExecutiveDirector
USCUniversityParkHealthCenter
Chief,DivisionofCollegeHealth
DepartmentofPediatrics
USCKeckSchoolofMedicine
AssociateDeanofStudentAffairs
UniversityofSouthernCalifornia
LosAngeles,California
ASSOCIATEEDITORS
Catherine M. Gordon, MD, MSc
Debra K. Katzman, MD, FRCP(C)
David S. Rosen, MD, MPH
Elizabeth R. Woods, MD, MPH
i
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
AcquisitionsEditor:SonyaSeigafuse
ManagingEditor:RyanShaw
ProjectManager:RosanneHallowell
ManufacturingManager:KathleenBrown
MarketingManager:KimberlySchonberger
DesignCoordinator:StephenDruding
CoverDesigner:LarryDidona
ProductionServices:Aptara(cid:2)R
Copyright© 2009byLippincottWilliams&Wilkins,aWoltersKluwerbusiness
530WalnutStreet
Philadelphia,PA19106
LWW.com
Allrightsreserved.Thisbookisprotectedbycopyright.Nopartofthisbookmaybe
reproducedinanyformorbyanymeans,includingphotocopying,orutilizingbyany
informationstorageandretrievalsystemwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyright
owner,exceptforbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticlesandreviews.
PrintedintheUnitedStates
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Handbookofadolescenthealthcare/editor-in-chief,LawrenceS.Neinstein;
associateeditors,CatherineM.Gordon...[etal.].
p.;cm.
Condensedversionof:AdolescentHealthCare/editor-in-chief,LawrenceS.
Neinstein;associateeditors,CatherineM.Gordon...[etal.].5thed. c2008.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN-13:978-0-7817-9020-8
ISBN-10:0-7817-9020-4
1.Adolescentmedicine—Handbooks,manuals,etc. 2.Teenagers—Healthand
hygiene—Handbooks,manuals,etc. I.Neinstein,LawrenceS. II.AdolescentHealthCare.
[DNLM:1. AdolescentMedicine—Handbooks. WS39H23412009]
RJ550.H242009
616.00835—dc22
2008017783
Carehasbeentakentoconfirmtheaccuracyoftheinformationpresentedandtodescribe
generallyacceptedpractices.However,theauthors,editors,andpublisherarenotresponsible
forerrorsoromissionsorforanyconsequencesfromapplicationoftheinformationinthis
bookandmakenowarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothecurrency,
completeness,oraccuracyofthecontentsofthepublication.Applicationofthisinformation
inaparticularsituationremainstheprofessionalresponsibilityofthepractitioner.
Theauthors,editors,andpublisherhaveexertedeveryefforttoensurethatdrugselection
anddosagesetforthinthistextareinaccordancewithcurrentrecommendationsand
practiceatthetimeofpublication.However,inviewofongoingresearch,changesin
governmentregulations,andtheconstantflowofinformationrelatingtodrugtherapyand
drugreactions,thereaderisurgedtocheckthepackageinsertforeachdrugforanychangein
indicationsanddosageandforaddedwarningsandprecautions.Thisisparticularly
importantwhentherecommendedagentisaneworinfrequentlyemployeddrug.
SomedrugsandmedicaldevicespresentedinthispublicationhaveFoodandDrug
Administration(FDA)clearanceforlimiteduseinrestrictedresearchsettings.Itisthe
responsibilityofhealthcareproviderstoascertaintheFDAstatusofeachdrugordevice
plannedforuseintheirclinicalpractice.
Thepublishershavemadeeveryefforttotracecopyrightholdersforborrowedmaterial.If
theyhaveinadvertentlyoverlookedany,theywillbepleasedtomakethenecessary
arrangementsatthefirstopportunity.
Topurchaseadditionalcopiesofthisbook,callourcustomerservicedepartmentat(800)
638-3030orfaxordersto(301)223-2320.Internationalcustomersshouldcall(301)223-2300.
VisitLippincottWilliams&WilkinsontheInternet:atLWW.com.LippincottWilliams&
Wilkinscustomerservicerepresentativesareavailablefrom8:30amto6pm,EST.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ii
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
To my incredible family
My wife, Debra;
My children,
Yael and Yossi, Aaron, and David;
My granddaughter, Bella;
My parents,
Shirley, Roz, and Ben;
and in memory of my father, Alvin
iii
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
iv
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
C O N T E N T S
Contributors xiii
Foreword xxiv
Preface xxvi
Acknowledgments xxvii
SECTION I: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
IN ADOLESCENT CARE
CHAPTER 1 NormalPhysicalGrowthandDevelopment 1
JEREMIM.CARSWELLANDDIANEE.J.STAFFORD
CHAPTER 2 PsychosocialDevelopmentinNormal
Adolescents 14
MARIRADZIK,SARASHERER,ANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 3 OfficeVisit,InterviewTechniques,and
RecommendationstoParents 18
ELIZABETHR.WOODSANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 4 PreventiveHealthCareforAdolescents 25
DAVIDS.ROSENANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 5 VitalStatisticsandInjuries 46
PONRATPAKPREO,JONATHAND.KLEIN,AND
LAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 6 Nutrition 66
MICHAELR.KOHN
CHAPTER 7 UnderstandingLegalAspectsofCare 74
ABIGAILENGLISH
SECTION II: ENDOCRINE PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 8 AbnormalGrowthandDevelopment 79
JOANM.MANSFIELDANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 9 ThyroidDiseaseinAdolescents 90
STEPHENALBERTHUANGANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 10 DiabetesMellitus 100
DONALDP.ORR
CHAPTER 11 Gynecomastia 108
ALAINJOFFE
v
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
vi CONTENTS
SECTION III: CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 12 CardiacRiskFactorsandHyperlipidemia 113
MARCS.JACOBSON,MICHAELR.KOHN,AND
LAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 13 SystemicHypertension 126
JOSEPHT.FLYNN
CHAPTER 14 HeartMurmursandMitralValveProlapse 138
AMYD.DIVASTAANDMARKE.ALEXANDER
SECTION IV: ORTHOPEDIC PROBLEMS
CHAPTER 15 ScoliosisandKyphosis 147
MATTHEWJ.BUECHE
CHAPTER 16 CommonOrthopedicProblems 152
KEITHJ.LOUDANDROBERTJ.BIELSKI
CHAPTER 17 BackPainintheAdolescent 161
JORDAND.METZLANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 18 GuidelinesforPhysicalActivityand
SportsParticipation 169
KEITHJ.LOUDANDALBERTC.HERGENROEDER
SECTION V: DERMATOLOGIC DISORDERS
CHAPTER 19 Acne 189
MEI-LINT.PANGANDLAWRENCEF.EICHENFIELD
CHAPTER 20 MiscellaneousDermatologicDisorders 199
MEI-LINT.PANGANDLAWRENCEF.EICHENFIELD
SECTION VI: NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS
CHAPTER 21 Epilepsy 215
WENDYG.MITCHELL,ARTHURPARTIKIAN,AND
LAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 22 Headaches 230
WENDYG.MITCHELL,KIARASHSADRIEH,AND
LAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 23 SyncopeandSuddenCardiacDeath 238
AMYD.DIVASTA,WENDYG.MITCHELL,AND
MARKE.ALEXANDER
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
CONTENTS vii
CHAPTER 24 SleepDisorders 245
SHELLYK.WEISS
SECTION VII: GENITOURINARY DISORDERS
CHAPTER 25 GenitourinaryTractInfections 251
LAWRENCEJ.D’ANGELOANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 26 Enuresis 259
DIANETANAKA
CHAPTER 27 AsymptomaticProteinuriaandHematuria 264
LAWRENCEJ.D’ANGELOANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 28 ScrotalDisorders 270
WILLIAMP.ADELMANANDALAINJOFFE
SECTION VIII: INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CHAPTER 29 InfectiousRespiratoryIllnesses 279
TERRILLBRAVENDERANDEMMANUELWALTER
CHAPTER 30 Hepatitis 289
PRAVEENS.GODAY
CHAPTER 31 HumanImmunodeficiencyVirusInfectionsand
AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome 301
MARVINE.BELZER,MIGUELMARTINEZ,AND
LAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
SECTION IX: CONDITIONS AFFECTING NUTRITION
AND WEIGHT
CHAPTER 32 Obesity 313
MARCIESCHNEIDER
CHAPTER 33 AnorexiaNervosaandBulimiaNervosa 321
DEBRAK.KATZMANANDNEVILLEH.GOLDEN
SECTION X: PSYCHOSOMATIC ILLNESSES
AND OTHER MEDICAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER 34 PsychosomaticIllnessinAdolescents 333
DAVIDM.SIEGEL
CHAPTER 35 FatigueandtheChronicFatigueSyndrome 337
MARTINFISHER
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
viii CONTENTS
CHAPTER 36 ChronicAbdominalPain 342
PAULAK.BRAVERMAN
CHAPTER 37 ChestPain 347
JOHNKULIGANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 38 FibromyalgiaSyndromeandReflex
SympatheticDystrophy 351
DAVIDM.SIEGEL
SECTION XI: SEXUALITY AND CONTRACEPTION
CHAPTER 39 AdolescentSexuality 357
MARTINM.ANDERSONANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 40 Gay,Lesbian,Bisexual,andTransgender
Adolescents 370
ERICMEININGERANDGARYREMAFEDI
CHAPTER 41 TeenagePregnancy 377
JOANNEE.COX
CHAPTER 42 Contraception 389
ANITAL.NELSONANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 43 CombinationHormonalContraceptives 403
ANITAL.NELSONANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 44 IntrauterineContraception 418
PATRICIAA.LOHR
CHAPTER 45 BarrierContraceptivesandSpermicides 423
PATRICIAA.LOHR
CHAPTER 46 EmergencyContraception 434
LISAJOHNSONANDMELANIEA.GOLD
CHAPTER 47 Long-ActingProgestins 439
ANITAL.NELSON
SECTION XII: ADOLESCENT GYNECOLOGY
CHAPTER 48 GynecologicalExaminationoftheAdolescent
Female 451
MERRILLWEITZELANDJEANS.EMANS
CHAPTER 49 NormalMenstrualPhysiology 457
SARIL.KIVESANDJUDITHA.LACY
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
CONTENTS ix
CHAPTER 50 DysmenorrheaandPremenstrualSyndrome 460
PAULAK.BRAVERMAN
CHAPTER 51 DysfunctionalUterineBleeding 467
LAURIEA.P.MITANANDGAILB.SLAP
CHAPTER 52 MenstrualDisorders:Amenorrheaand
PolycysticOvarySyndrome 470
AMYFLEISCHMAN,CATHERINEM.GORDON,AND
LAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 53 PelvicMasses 479
PAULAJ.ADAMSHILLARD
CHAPTER 54 PapSmearsandAbnormalCervicalCytology 484
ANNA-BARBARAMOSCICKI
CHAPTER 55 VaginitisandVaginosis 491
LORISY.HWANGANDMARY-ANNSHAFER
CHAPTER 56 EctopicPregnancyandOtherComplications
ofPregnancy 499
MELISSAD.MIROSHANDMARYANNEJAMIESON
CHAPTER 57 Galactorrhea 506
NORMANP.SPACKANDSANDRALOEBSALSBERG
CHAPTER 58 HirsutismandVirilization 509
CATHERINEM.GORDONANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 59 AdolescentBreastDisorders 513
HEATHERR.MACDONALD
SECTION XIII: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
CHAPTER 60 OverviewofSexuallyTransmittedDiseases 521
J.DENNISFORTENBERRYANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 61 Gonorrhea 547
MARGARETJ.BLYTHE
CHAPTER 62 ChlamydiaTrachomatis 556
CATHERINEMILLERANDMARY-ANNSHAFER
CHAPTER 63 PelvicInflammatoryDisease 564
LYDIAA.SHRIER
CHAPTER 64 Syphilis 569
J.DENNISFORTENBERRYANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
P1:OSO/OVY P2:OSO/OVY QC:OSO/OVY T1:OSO Printer:DRC
GRBT294-FM GRBT294-Neinstein-v5.cls May8,2008 23:34
x CONTENTS
CHAPTER 65 HerpesGenitalis 575
GALER.BURSTEINANDKIMBERLYA.WORKOWSKI
CHAPTER 66 HumanPapillomavirusInfectionand
AnogenitalWarts 580
JESSICAA.KAHN
CHAPTER 67 OtherSexuallyTransmittedDiseasesIncluding
GenitalUlcers,Pediculosis,Scabiesand
Molluscum 584
WENDIG.EHRMAN,M.SUSANJAY,ANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
SECTION XIV: DRUG USE AND ABUSE
CHAPTER 68 AdolescentSubstanceUseandAbuse 593
ROBERTE.MORRISANDALAINJOFFE
CHAPTER 69 Alcohol 601
MARTINM.ANDERSONANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 70 Tobacco 608
SETHD.AMMERMAN
CHAPTER 71 PsychoactiveSubstancesofAbuseUsedby
Adolescents 622
SHARONLEVYANDALAND.WOOLF
CHAPTER 72 LaboratoryTestingforPsychoactive
SubstancesofAbuse 652
SHARONLEVYANDJOHNR.KNIGHT
CHAPTER 73 Office-BasedManagementofAdolescent
SubstanceUseandAbuse 661
SHARONLEVYANDJOHNR.KNIGHT
CHAPTER 74 IntensiveDrugTreatment 671
BRIGIDL.VAUGHANANDJOHNR.KNIGHT
SECTION XV: PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEMS
AND CONCERNS
CHAPTER 75 CommonConcernsofAdolescentsandTheir
Parents 677
MARIRADZIK,SARASHERER,ANDLAWRENCES.NEINSTEIN
CHAPTER 76 High-RiskandDelinquentBehavior 681
ROBERTE.MORRISANDRALPHJ.DICLEMENTE