Halophytes, agroforestry and high value agri-aqua farming

25 Pages·2016·1.78 MB·English

Halophytes, agroforestry and high value
agri-aqua farming
V.P. Singh
World Agroforestry Centre
(International Centre for Research in Agroforestry)
Regional Office for South Asia
New Delhi
Sea Water : A Social Resource
Dandi March (6 April 1930) of Mahatma Gandhi
Wake-up Call
Titanic tsunami of
December 26, 2004
Halophytes, agroforestry and high
value agri-aqua farming
• Can not deal the above as mutually exclusive
• What is known is not enough, what is
possible is important and looked into,
especially with new tools and methods, such
as the source of novel genes, etc.
• Consider resource use interaction and
opportunities among the various enterprises
Some common products and systems
in coastal- saline environments
• Vegetables: Shallots in Ghana, tomato, eggplant
across many countries
• Fruits: Guava and Ziziphus on the ridges in
Thailand, Vietnam, Sonneratia alba in India,
Maldives
• Rice: Balanta rice in Senegal, Kalrose rice in the
Philippines, Pokkali rice in India—waynaad the
below sea level farming system—an UN heritage
site, Sorjon system in Indonesia, low salinity areas
in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Some common products and systems
in coastal- saline environments
• Brackish water aquaculture with mangroves in
the ponds & pond dikes, and coconuts on the
dikes: large scale throughout in South East Asia,
small scale in Guinea Bissau, Casamanse Estuary
in Senegal, around Keta and Angaw lagoons in
Ghana, Marine-aqua– a number of countries
• Hyper saline brine shrimp farming: in salt pans in
the Philippines, Thailand, and Gujarat, India
• Halophytes farming for various uses: large scale
in many countries
Some common products from
coastal- saline environments
• Timber, Flowers and Honey from various
species
• Mangroves as fish shelter and breeding
grounds
• Bio- drainage / filters, water purifier,
ecological services
• Biodiversity, nutrient enrichment, etc.
Halophytes for multi-purposes
• Halophytes are salt-loving plants – growing only in
saline areas
• Tolerate high concentration of sodium salt; demand
high sodium chloride for survival and reproduction;
• Have genetic mechanism to tolerate high salinity
• They differ widely in salinity tolerance
5 g/l -Sea oats (Hordeum vulgare)
80 g/l -Glasswort (Salicornia spp.)
• Can be grown as a cash crop by irrigating with
seawater for edible oil, vegetables, flowers, medicinal
plants, fodder, etc.
Genetic Garden of Halophytes, India
No Halophyte species
 Can be cultivated in seawater
1 Aeluropus lagopoides
farming as commercial crops to 2 Arthrocnemum glaucum
3 Arthrocnemum indicum
produce edible oil, vegetables,
4 Cressa cretica
flowers, fodder, etc.
5 Cyperus conglomeratus
 Survey along the Tamil Nadu and 6 Halopyrum mucronatum
7 Heliotropium curassavicum
Andhra Pradesh resulted in 21
8 Ipomoea pes-caprae
species collection and more than 108
9 Porteresia coarctata
genotypes 10 Salicornia brachiata
11 Salvadora persica
12 Sesuvium portulacastrum
13 Sporobolus coromandelianus
14 Sporobolus virginicus
15 Suaeda fruticosa
16 Suaeda maritima
17 Suaeda monoica
18 Suaeda nudiflora
19 Tamarix troupii
20 Trianthema portulacastrum
21 Trianthema triquetra
Some Important Halophytes in
South Asia
Arthrocnemum
Arthrocnemum Cressa cretica
glaucum
indicum