Haiti and the Americas

243 Pages·2013·1.461 MB·English

by  Carla Calargé, Raphael Dalleo, Luis Duno-Gottberg, Clevis Headley, Sibylle Fischer, Matthew Casey, Jeff Karem, David P. Kilroy, Bethany Aery Clerico, Lindsay Twa, Nadève Ménard, Christopher Garland, Myriam J. A. Chancy, J. Michael Dash

HAITI AND THE AMERICAS
CARIBBEAN STUDIES SERIES
Anton L. Allahar and Shona N. Jackson
Series Editors
HAITI

AND THE
AMERICAS
Edited by
Carla Calargé, Raphael Dalleo,
Luis Duno-Gottberg, and Clevis Headley
University Press of Mississippi / Jackson
www.upress.state.ms.us
The University Press of Mississippi is a member
of the Association of American University Presses.
Chapter 3 incorporates material previously published in Jeff Karem,
The Purloined Islands: Caribbean-U.S. Crosscurrents in Literature
and Culture, 1880–1959 (copyright 2011 by the Rector and Visitors
of the University of Virginia). Thanks to the University of Virginia
Press for permission to reprint brief portions from that book.
Portions of chapter 4 previously appeared in David P. Kilroy, For Race and
Country: The Life and Career of Colonel Charles Young (Praeger, 2003).
A version of the discussion of Colonel Murray in chapter 7 appeared
in French in Nadève Ménard, “La représentation de l’officier améri-
cain dans les romans haïtiens écrits durant l’occupation améric-
aine,” Cahier des Anneaux de la Mémoire 7 (2004): 253–67.
Two brief passages from chapter 9 appeared in Myriam J. A. Chancy,
“Desecrated Bodies/Phantom Limbs: Post-traumatic Reconstructions
of Corporeality in Haiti/Rwanda,” Atlantic Studies 8, no. 1 (March 2011):
109–23; and From Sugar to Revolution: Women’s Visions of Haiti, Cuba,
and the Dominican Republic (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2012).
Copyright © 2013 by University Press of Mississippi
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing 2013
∞
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Haiti and the Americas Conference (2010 : Florida Atlantic University)
Haiti and the Americas / edited by Carla Calargé . . . [et al.].
p. cm. — (Caribbean studies series)
“The essays collected in this volume were presented at the “Haiti
and the Americas: Histories, Cultures, Imaginations” Conference
held at Florida Atlantic University from October 21 to 23, 2010.”
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-61703-757-3 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-61703-
758-0 (ebook) 1. Haiti—Congresses. I. Calargé, Carla. II. Title.
F1912.6.H35 2010
972.94—dc23 2012038298
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data available
Contents
vii Acknowledgments
3 Introduction
—Raphael Dalleo
I. HAITI AND HEMISPHERIC INDEPENDENCE
25 1. Bolívar in Haiti: Republicanism in the Revolutionary Atlantic
—Sibylle Fischer
54 2. Between Anti-Haitianism and Anti-imperialism: Haitian and Cuban Political
Collaborations in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
—Matthew Casey
II. HAITI AND TRANSNATIONAL BLACKNESS
77 3. Haiti, Pan-Africanism, and Black Atlantic Resistance Writing
—Jeff Karem
96 4. “Being a Member of the Colored Race”: The Mission of Charles Young,
Military Attaché to Haiti, 1904–1907
—David P. Kilroy
III. THE U.S. OCCUPATION
111 5. Haiti’s Revisionary Haunting of Charles Chesnutt’s “Careful” History in
Paul Marchand, F.M.C
—Bethany Aery Clerico
133 6. The Black Magic Island: The Artistic Journeys of Alexander King and
Aaron Douglas from and to Haiti
—Lindsay Twa
vi Contents
161 7. Foreign Impulses in Annie Desroy’s Le Joug
—Nadève Ménard
IV. GLOBALIZATION AND CRISIS
179 8. The Rhetoric of Crisis and Foreclosing the Future of Haiti in Ghosts of Cité Soleil
—Christopher Garland
199 9. A Marshall Plan for a Haiti at Peace: To Continue or End the Legacy of the Revolution
—Myriam J. A. Chancy
219 Afterword: Neither France nor Senegal: Bovarysme and Haiti’s Hemispheric Identity
—J. Michael Dash
231 Contributors
235 Index
Acknowledgments
The essays collected in this volume were presented at the “Haiti and the
Americas: Histories, Cultures, Imaginations” conference held at Flor-
ida Atlantic University from October 21 to 23, 2010. We were not able
to include all the contributions from that conference, but the conversa-
tions sparked by the other presentations and the audience contributions
were important in the rewriting and rethinking of the essays collected
here. For that reason, we want to thank everyone who took part in the
conference, especially Isabelle Airey, Leslie Alexander, Diane Allerdyce,
Aimee Kanner Arias, Alessandra Benedicty, Major Joseph Bernadel, Kris-
ten Block, Graciella Cruz-Taura, Sika Dagbovie, Susan D’Aloia, Sara Fan-
ning, Gérard Férère, Meagan Foster, Kaiama Glover, Mary Ann Gosser
Esquilín, Mark Harvey, Bertin Louis, Elena Machado Sáez, Michelange
Quay, Mariana Past, Jerry Philogene, Yvette Piggush, Rose Réjouis, Adam
Rockenbach, Heather Russell, Melissa Sande, Patricia Saunders, Andrea
Shaw, Adam Silvia, Faith Smith, Lara Stein Pardo, Robert Taber, Walteria
Tucker, Adriana Umaña-Hossman, and Chantalle Verna. The conference
benefited especially from the participation of a number of local nonprofit
leaders: Nicole Toussaint-Prince and Dieunet Demosthene, from Tous-
saint L’Ouverture High School for Arts and Social Justice in Boynton
Beach; Marli Lalanne and Daby Sully, from the Miami-based Konbit for
Haiti; Gayle Williams, codirector of Digital Library of the Caribbean; and
Rebecca Reichert, director of development at the Florida Association for
Volunteer Action in the Caribbean and the Americas (FAVACA). All these
individuals contributed to the discussions and investigations that form the
context for this volume.
The “Haiti and the Americas” conference received generous funding
from a number of departments, programs, and offices at both Rice Univer-
sity and Florida Atlantic University. From Rice, we want to thank Nicolas
Shumway, dean of humanities; and José Aranda, chair of Hispanic studies.
From FAU, we want to thank Manjunath Pendakur, dean of the Dorothy
F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters; Michael Moriarty, interim vice
president for research; Charles Brown, vice president for student affairs;
Corey King, associate vice president and dean of students; Barry Rosson,
dean of the graduate college; Edward Pratt, dean of undergraduate studies;
Maria Santamarina, university diversity officer; Noemi Marin, director
vii
viii Acknowledgments
of the peace studies program; Farshad Araghi, chair of sociology; Mike
Harris, chair of anthropology; Michael Horswell, chair of languages, lin-
guistics, and comparative literature; Wenying Xu, chair of English; Nicole
Jacobsen, visual communications coordinator; Jackie Simpson, event
planning specialist; and Larry Faerman, associate director of event plan-
ning and union programs. We also received financial support and in-kind
donations from the Florida Humanities Council, the Figge Art Museum
in Davenport, Iowa, and Puma.Creative; thanks to Claire Breukel, Mark
Coetzee, and Andrew Wallace for helping us with those donations. The
details of the conference were efficiently coordinated by Jacqueline Nich-
ols, FAU Department of Philosophy program assistant; and Valorie Ebert,
master’s candidate in English. A number of other English graduate stu-
dents donated their time in working on the conference, including Johanna
Ayala, Kelly DeStefano, Jacob Henson, Jason Kaplan, Michael Linder, Jes-
sica Pitts, and Emilija Stanic; we would also like to thank FAU’s Philoso-
phy Club and their president, Yona Rabinowitz, for helping out with the
conference.
Publishing with the University Press of Mississippi has been a plea-
sure, thanks especially to the work of Walter Biggins, Bill Henry, Katie
Keene, Shane Gong Stewart, and Todd Lape. Johanna Ayala compiled the
index for this book, with her usual care and attention to detail.
HAITI AND THE AMERICAS