Hair and Hair Diseases

1051 Pages·1990·36.78 MB·English

by  F. Serri

Constantin E. Orfanos
Rudolf Happle (Eds.)
Hair and
Hair Diseases
With 561 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong
Prof. Dr. Prof. h. c. Constantin E. Orfanos
Department of Dermatology
University Medical Center Steglitz
The Free University of Berlin
Berlin, FR Germany
Prof. Dr. Rudolf Happle
Department of Dermatology
University of Nijmegen
NL-6500 HB Nijmegen
The Netherlands
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-74614-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-74612-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-74612-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hair and hair diseases/ C. E. Orfanos and R. Happle (eds.). p. cm.
ISBN 0-387-50960-7 (U.S.: alk. paper)
1. Hair. 2. Hair - Diseases. I. Orfanos, C. E. (Constantin E.) II. Happle, R. (Rudolf)
[DNLM: 1. Hair. 2. Hair Diseases. WR450 H1524) RL91.H35 1989 616.5'46--dc20 DNLM/DLC
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always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence
of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations
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application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its
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Typesetting: Briihlsche Universitiitsdruckerei, Giessen
Preface
Changes of the hair are common. Physicians all over the world are frequently
confronted in their offices with patients complaining about hair alterations of
various types and the etiology of these conditions remains often unclear. They
require special knowledge to be explored. The primary purpose in editing this
volume was to keep pace with all new developments and to provide a textbook
that should be useful for both clinicians and laboratory workers interested in
hair research in its broadest aspects. We were dedicated to the idea to provide a
new and important guide for both basic scientists and clinicians involved in hair
problems.
Numerous biologists, zoologists, chemists and other laboratory investigators
are involved in analysing the structure and properties of hair keratin in animal
hair, in wool research and for developing hair care products. Apart from the
particular entities that cause hair disease, hair changes may be seen as a marker
for genetic disorders, metabolic disturbances, internal malignancy, drug abuse,
environmental damage, in criminalistic investigations and also as a symbol of
beauty. There is hardly another topic that may reflect better the interdisciplinary
character of dermatology.
Based on this account this volume has been designed to cover the subject in
a rather comprehensive way and to provide some encyclopedic view of the
topic. A first version appeared in German in 1979 but in the meanwhile several
alterations were found necessary. Our aim for the present English version was to
update all information and to enrich the clinical part with some important
chapters, omitting some others. The cooperation of the two editors has been
reflected in this selection. It also reflects the inevitable increase of knowledge
during the past ten years.
The format is organized into 40 chapters that can be divided into 3 major
parts. The first part deals with basic concepts of hair research including
embryology, comparative biology, electron microscopy, biochemical and endo
crinological aspects of hair growth as well tissue culturing (Chapters 1 to 13).
The second part is dedicated to clinical pathology: it describes various hair
diseases including all major pathological conditions of the scalp affecting hair
growth (Chapters 14 to 35). The third part emphasizes the role of hair in cos
metics (Chapters 36 to 40).
The present text book has its emphasis on the clinical part. It is not a book
for the quick reader but it provides useful basic information on the structure and
VI Preface
biology of hair, putting the contents into a clinical perspective. Some important
theoretical chapters were purposely retained because the book mainly covers the
clinical pathology. New chapters on the dermal papilla, hair cell cultures, genetic
advances, a particular chapter on the therapy of alopecia areata based on its
immunological implications, and another on drug-induced alterations have been
added; other chapters, such as on androgenetic alopecia, antiandrogenic treat
ment, hair transplantation etc. were fully rewritten.
The contributors to the present volume are all outstanding colleagues and
experts on their field of research. The editors wish to thank them for their excel
lent work and for providing updated information and increasing the value of the
book. We hope that this volume covers the wide spectrum of general and
specialized trichology and will provide a thorough account of our present
knowledge. Hopefully, it will become a useful tool for all those who are interested
in hair and hair diseases.
Berlin and Nijmegen C. E. Orfanos, M.D.
March 1990 R. Happle, M.D.
Contents
Chapter 1
Embryology of Hair Follicle
(F. Serri and D. Cerimele) . 1
Chapter 2
The Dermal Papilla and the Growth of Hair
(C. A. B. Jahoda and R. F. Oliver) . . . . . 19
Chapter 3
Hair Keratin
(H. P. Baden) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Chapter 4
The Growing Anagen Hair
(B. Forslind) . . . . . . 73
Chapter 5
Catagen and Telogen Phases of the Growth Cycle
(P. F. Parakkal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Chapter 6
Innervation and Vasculature of Hair Follicle
(K. Hashimoto, M. Ito, and Y. Suzuki) ............ 117
Chapter 7
Specific Nerve Endings in Vellus Hair, Guard Hair and Sinus Hair
(z. Halata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Chapter 8
Hair Melanin and Hair Color
(J. P. Cesarini) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Chapter 9
Non-human Hair
( R. E. Chapman). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
VIII Contents
Chapter 10
Measurements of Hair Growth Under Physiological Conditions
(V. Pecoraro and I. Po L. Astore) 237
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 11
Glycosaminoglycan Metabolism
(Ho W. Kreysel and H. Po Nissen) 255
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 12
The Hormonal Control of Hair Growth
(Fo Jo Go Ebling) 267
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 13
Cultivation of Human Hair Follicle Cells
(Fo Mo Schaart, Ao Mayer-da-Silva, and Co Eo Orfanos) 301
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 14
Genetic Defects Involving the Hair
(Ro Happ/e) 325
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 15
Structural Anomalies of the Hair Shaft
(Vo H. Price) 363
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 16
Monilethrix and Pseudo-Monilethrix
(Bo Bentley-Phillips) 423
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 17
Hypomelanotic Hair Disorders
(Yo Hori and Mo Seiji) 443
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 18
Androgenetic Alopecia: Pathophysiological Aspects in Man and Animals
(10 Takashima) 467
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 19
Androgenetic Alopecia: Clinical Aspects and Treatment
(Co Eo Orfanos) 485
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 20
Alopecia Areata: Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture
(H. Gollnick and C. Eo Orfanos) 529
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 21
Treatment of Alopecia areata
(c. Perret and Ro Happle) 571
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Contents IX
Chapter 22
Internal Diseases Affecting Hair Growth
(H. Zaun and C. Perret) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Chapter 23
Drugs Affecting Hair Growth
(H. F. Merk) .......................... 601
Chapter 24
Cicatricial Alopecias
(G. Goerz, R. Kind, and P. Lehmann) ................ 611
Chapter 25
Seborrhoeic Dermatitis, Scalp Psoriasis and Hair
(C. E. Orfanos and Ph. Frost) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
Chapter 26
Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Eruptions of the Scalp
(J. Civatte, S. Beldich, and D. Bonvalet). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Chapter 27
Follicular Mucinosis
(K. H. Hollmann) ....................... 679
Chapter 28
Adnexal Cysts and Tumors of the Scalp
(E. I. GrufJendorf-Conen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Chapter 29
Fungal Infections of the Scalp
(G. Poleman) .......................... 717
Chapter 30
Piedra
(A. Cortes and C. E. Orfanos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Chapter 31
Trichotillomania and Related Disorders
(S. A. Muller) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753
Chapter 32
Paraneoplastic Changes of the Hair
(J. J. Herzberg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
Chapter 33
Hirsutism
(M. Breckwoldt, H. P. Zahradnik, and P. Wieacker) ......... 777
X Contents
Chapter 34
Antiandrogens and Hair Growth:
Basic Concepts and Experimental Research
(Fo Neumann and Mo Topert) 791
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 35
Antiandrogens: Clinical Aspects
(Jo Hammerstein) 827
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 36
Hair and Hair Cosmetics
(C. Eo Orfanos and Eo Imcke) 887
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 37
Hair Dye Toxicology
(P. Go Engasser and Ho 10 Maibach) 927
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 38
Chemically Induced Depigmentation of Skin and Hair
(c. Eo Searle and Po Ao Riley) 955
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 39
Shampooing and Shampoos
(Mo Gloor and Mo Gehse) 975
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 40
Surgical Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia
(w. Po Unger) 999
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
List of Contributors
Astore, I. P. L.
Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Rosario,
Rosario 2000, Argentina
Baden, H. P.
Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Belalch, S.
Service de Dermatologie, Hopital Bichat, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris,
France
Bentley-Phillips, B.
Department of Dermatology,
University of Natal and King Edward VIII Hospital,
Durban, Natal, South Africa
Bonvalet, D
Clinique Dermatologique, Hopital Saint Louis, 2, Place du Docteur Fournier,
75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
Breckwoldt, M.
UniversiHits-Frauenklinik, Hugstetter StraBe 55, 7800 Freiburg i. Br.,
FR Germany
Cerimele, D.
Clinical Dermatologica, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,
Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
Cesarini, J. P.
INSERM Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Tumeurs de la Peau Humaine,
Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild,
29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France
Chapman, R. E.
Division of Animal Production, CSIRO,
Ian Clunies Ross Animal Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 239, Blacktown,
NSW 2148, Australia