haemodialysis treatment monitored on-line by ultra violet absorbance PDF
Preview haemodialysis treatment monitored on-line by ultra violet absorbance
H AEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT - MONITORED ON LINE BY ULTRA VIOLET ABSORBANCE F U REDRIK HLIN DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE AND CARE DIVISION OF NURSING SCIENCE & DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LINKÖPING 2006 To Pia, Rebecca & David Fredrik Uhlin Haemodialysis Treatment Monitored On-line by Ultra Violet Absorbance Medical Dissertation no 962 Copyright © Fredrik Uhlin 2006 Supervisor Lars-Göran Lindberg , Ass. Prof. Co-Supervisor Martin Magnusson, MD. PhD. Cover art (front) NASA photo gallery, “the Sun” Cover art (back) Per Lagman, MediaCenter, Linköping University Hospital Illustrations Fredrik Uhlin Typography Claes Asker, PhD Contact: Phone: + 46 13 221804 Fax: + 46 13 224514 Email: [email protected] Address: Fredrik Uhlin Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Linköping SE-581 85 Linköping Sweden ISBN 91-85643-65-3 ISSN 0345-0082 Dissertation 962 Printed in Linköping, Sweden by LiU-Tryck Linköping, 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the author. Science is to confirm how something is, not how it should be, and beyond its domain different kinds of appraisements and ethical judgements are always needed (my translation). Einstein A (1879-1955) Preface T HIS THESIS IS BASED upon work performed at the Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Linköping, County Council of Östergötland and the Departments of Medicine and Care (IMV), Division of Nursing Science and Biomedical Engineering (IMT), Linköping University. As a registered nurse with several years working experience of haemodialysis patients, it has been a great challenge to participate in the development of a new technique, which in the future may be used by staff in haemodialysis units, perhaps in haemodialysis at intensive care and perhaps even by patients themselves during home haemodialysis. Furthermore, this work has attempted to bridge the gap between patient and technology as well as different professions such as biomedical engineering, medicine and nursing, thus bringing an interdisciplinary focus on dialysis monitoring into the sphere of biomedical optics. The Swedish Competence Centre for Non-invasive Medical Measurements, NIMED supported the studies in this thesis. Financial support from the University Hospital, Linköping was given for parts of the work in Papers II and III. A basic part of the thesis is the ultra violet (UV) light used for the measurements, a light that is invisible to the human eye. The star that is necessary for life on earth, our sun (front page) is an enormous UV-source. In this work a lamp has been used as a light source, when an old technique, spectroscopy, has been developed for a new application. The present thesis will show that the UV-technique is capable of estimating parameters in the same manner as for other already available systems. It is also shown that the UV- technique offers a unique opportunity to visualise the ongoing clearance process during a dialysis treatment that is not possible by other available on-line monitoring techniques. The future work that already has begun, when this thesis was written, will focus on new ways to look at dialysis clearance and investigate other markers for dialysis efficiency than those today. I and my colleauges hope that this is only the beginning of something new that will eventually be of use to the dialysis patients in the future. Fredrik Uhlin(cid:71) (cid:71)
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