H2S Abatement and its Impact on Refining PDF
Preview H2S Abatement and its Impact on Refining
H2S Abatement and its Impact on Refining LLaawwrreennccee KKrreemmeerr BBaakkeerr PPeettrroolliittee CCOOQQGG ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. HH SS iinn HHyyddrrooccaarrbboonnss 22 • Naturally occurring H S 2 – Crude Oils • Generated by refinery processes – Cracking – Stripping – Elemental Sulphur ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. H S Issues 2 • Toxicity – Employee exposure – Environmental releases • Corrosion – Storage tanks – Fuel quality • Odor – Tank vents, sewers, sulphur pits – Neighborhood complaints • Specifications – Fuel quality – Environmental ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Products Treated with H S 2 Scavengers Intermediates Finished Fuels · Crude oil · Natural gas, C s, C s, LPG 3 4 · Desalter effluent · Naphtha as reformer feed · Sewers · Mid-distillates and blend components · Coker wash water · Gasoline and blend · Flare gas components · Furnace fuel oil · Residual fuel · Asphalt ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Crude Oil Quality Group Crude Oil Supply System MARINE OFFSHORE Marine BARGE Terminal Tankage TANKER Pipeline Tankage Refinery Tankage Lease Tankage ONSHORE Salt Dome Storage REFINERY ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Treatment Locations • Oilfield – Can be treated at Wellheads (cid:190) Treatments carried out by production chemical vendors • Transshipment – Treated at Load port (cid:190) Treatment by P2R services application • Refinery – Treated at Refinery Terminal (cid:190) Treatment during offloading – In Refinery treatment (cid:190) Typically products treated as needed • Downstream – Downstream product treatment (cid:190) P2R services treatment at terminal or on board vessel ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Oilfield Treatment • Hydrogen Sulfide Scavengers added into sour crude wells • Many different type additives used • Crude field production can have multiple vendors • Triazines, neutralizers, formaldehyde, acrolein used • Water Separation in field will carry out some sulfur species • Some amines can be entrained in crude ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Transshipment • Scavenger added at load port – Complex logistics – P2R services • Scavenger added at intermediate terminal – Terminal set up for treatment – Added cost – P2R services • Scavenger added on vessel – Difficult for crude oil – Limited mixing – Very complex logistics – P2R services ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Typical Terminal Specifications • North America – 10-100 ppm in Vapor – 10-50 ppm ASTM D5705 – Highest Level – 100 ppm in Vapor – Lowest Level - <10 ppm in Vapor • Europe – <2 ppm in Liquid • Far East – < 100 ppm in Vapor – < 100 ppm in ASTM D5705 ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Shipping • IMO considering H S specification 2 • Personal Monitors set at 10ppm – Loading/Offloading operation stopped if the alarm is activated • Accidents still occur despite precautions ©2008 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
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