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Environmental Earth Sciences Jacques Mudry François Zwahlen Catherine Bertrand James W. LaMoreaux E ditors H2Karst Research in Limestone Hydrogeology Environmental Earth Sciences Series editor James W. LaMoreaux, Tuscaloosa, USA For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8394 Jacques Mudry · François Zwahlen Catherine Bertrand · James W. LaMoreaux Editors H2Karst Research in Limestone Hydrogeology 1 3 Editors Jacques Mudry James W. LaMoreaux Catherine Bertrand PELA Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Tuscaloosa, AL University of Franche-Comté USA Besançon Doubs France François Zwahlen Faculty of Sciences Center for Hydrogeology and Geothermics Neuchâtel Switzerland ISBN 978-3-319-06138-2 ISBN 978-3-319-06139-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-06139-9 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014939063 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Acknowledgments The editors want to warmly thank all the professionals who helped organize the H2Karst Conference in Besançon, France, and who enabled presentation of excellent and relevant articles. These colleagues include Vincent Bichet, Nicolas Bouillier, Martine Buatier, Nicolas Carry, Delphine Charpentier, Didier Convert-Gaubier, Sophie Denimal, Anne-Lise Develle, Charles-Henri Falconnet, Anne-Lise Floch, Boris Gentelet, Céline Guillemot, Romain Ledentu, Christophe Loup, Marie-José Manfredi, Jérémy Marchand, Jacky Mania, Pierre-Antoine Monnier, Jean-Charles Poilvet, Nathalie Puillet, Cristina Ramos, Bruno Regent, Patrick Rosenthal, Jean-Pierre Simonnet, Marc Steinmann, Gisèle Thor, Jean-Daniel Tissot, Pierre Trap, Aurélien Vallet, Sylvie Varey, Chantal Wackenheim, Anne-Véronique Walter-Simonnet (Chrono-Environment, Besançon); Andrea Borghi, Corinne Carraux-Drey, Michiel Pronk (CHYN, Neuchâtel); Marie Belot, Nelly Botella, Francois Gremillard, Jean-Luc Grivet Marc Hamelin, Abderrazzak Kadmiri, Cécile Montigny, Samuel Mourot, Sébastien N’Kodia, Laurence Paillard, Catherine Pellet (Faculty of sciences and Techniques, Besançon), Nathalie Devaux, Aline Nanty, Nathalie Ohl, Bernadette Rassemusse (CNRS, Nancy). Members of the Scienticfi Committee are commended for their efforts and for their excellent reviews of the submitted manuscripts. The committee members were: Bartolomé Andreo Navarro, Malaga, Spain Iñaki Antiguedad Auzmendi, Leioa, Spain Bruno Arfib, Marseille, France Michel Bakalowicz, Montpellier, France Ralf Benischke, Graz, Austria Andrea Borghi, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Catherine Bertrand, Besançon, France Ognjen Bonacci, Split, Croatia Pauline Collon-Drouaillet, Nancy, France Alain Dassargues, Liège, Belgium Nathalie Dörfliger, Montpellier, France Wolfgang Dreybrodt, Bremen, Germany David Drew, Dublin, Ireland Juan José Durán Valsero, Madrid, Spain Christophe Emblanch, Avignon, France v vi Acknowledgments Maria-Dolores Fidelibus, Bari, Italy Derek Ford, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Nico Goldscheider, München, Germany Daniel Hunkeler, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Pierre-Yves Jeannin, la Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland Hervé Jourde, Montpellier, France Attila Kovacs, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Ronald Kozel, Bern-Ittigen, Switzerland Martin Kralik, Vienna, Austria James W. LaMoreaux, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA Roland Lastennet, Bordeaux, France Judit Mádl-Sz nyi, Budapest, Hungary ő Barbara Mahler, Austin, Texas, USA Jacky Mania, Pouilley-les-Vignes, France Grégoire Mariethoz, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Jacques Mudry, Besançon, France Severin Pistre, Montpellier, France Antonio Pulido-Bosch, Almeria, Spain Moumtaz Razack, Poitiers, France Philippe Renard, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Chris Smart, London, Ontario, Canada Heinz Surbeck, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Jean-Pierre Tripet, Bevaix, Switzerland Sophie Viseur, Marseille, France Stephen Worthington, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Giovanni-Maria Zuppi, Venezia, Italy—in Memoriam François Zwahlen, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Special acknowledgment is given to the sponsors who made it possible to present the conference on H2Karst: International Association of International Association of Agence de l'eau Hydrogeologists Hydrological Sciences Rhône-Méditerranée et Corse Karst Commission Association Internationale des Sciences Association Internationale des Hydrogéologues - Hydrologiques Commission du Karst Acknowledgments vii Office Fédéral de l’Environnement (OFEV) Centre National de la Recherche Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) Scientifique Université de Neuchâtel Université de Franche-Comté UFR Sciences et Techniques, Besançon Centre d'Hydrogéologie et Unité Mixte de Recherche 6249 Région de Franche-Comté de Géothermie de Neuchâtel Chrono-environnement Département du Doubs Ville de Besançon This book is an important contribution to the research on limestone hydrogeology, providing insight into some of the latest research in karst or limestone terrains. Water resources in karst terrains are being utilized more and for more use; therefore, it is critical for politicians, policy makers, regulators, and the general public to understand the unique nature of their surroundings. Actions, which on the surface appear harm- less, can have devastating impacts on foundations, water resources, and the environment. This book helps to better understand these unique situations so as to plan from the beginning how to, or if, to develop an area. If it is decided to develop an area, then it is important to prepare monitoring plans to measure possible impacts and to minimize potential catastophes, if any. The population is continuing to grow and as it does so, people move into more sensitive areas. Contributors to “H2Karst Research in Limestone Hydrogeology” are helping society through their research to better prepare for further development in karst terrains. viii Acknowledgments The chapters published in this book have been expanded based on additional research and input during discussions at the conference. In view of this, the editors wish to state that any mistakes and omissions or opinions are solely the responsibility of the authors. Contents Expect the Unexpected! Groundwater Flow in Karstified Carbonate Aquifers ............................................. 1 Derek Ford Hydraulic Properties of Karst Groundwater and Its Impacts on Large Structures ............................................ 19 Petar Milanovic´ Inferred Conduit Network Geometry from Geological Evidences and Water-Head in a Fluvio-Karstic System (Val D’Orleans, France) ......................................... 49 Chrystelle Auterives, Stéphane Binet and Patrick Albéric Contribution of Isotopes of the Water Molecule to Determine Recharge Altitude of the Main Springs Welling Up in the Middle Atlas Limestone (Morocco) ...................................... 59 Abdelhadi El Ouali, Soumaya Sefrioui, Jacques Mudry, Omar Fassi Fihri, Ali Essahlaoui and Hamid Marah Detection of Underground Cavities by Combining Electrical Resistivity Imaging and Ground Penetrating Radar Surveys: A Case Study from Draa Douamis Area (North East of Algeria) ........ 69 C. Fehdi, I. Nouioua, D. Belfar, L. Djabri and E. Salameh Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithms in Assembling Master Recession Curves of Karst Springs ......................................... 83 Miloš Gregor and Peter Malík Well Hydrograph Analysis for the Estimation of Hydraulic and Geometric Parameters of Karst and Connected Water Systems .... 97 Attila Kovács and Pierre Perrochet ix x Contents Distributed Hydrological Modeling and Model Adaption in High Alpine Karst at Regional Scale (Berchtesgaden Alps, Germany) .................................. 115 Gabriele Kraller, Michael Warscher, Ulrich Strasser, Harald Kunstmann and Helmut Franz Diagnostic Plots Applied to Well-Tests in Karst Systems .............. 127 Jean-Christophe Maréchal, Bernard Ladouche, Benoît Dewandel, Perrine Fleury and Nathalie Dörfliger Application of Methods for Resource and Source Vulnerability Mapping in the Orehek Karst Aquifer, SW Slovenia ................. 139 Ana Isabel Marín, Nataša Ravbar, Gregor Kovacˇicˇ, Bartolomé Andreo and Metka Petricˇ Study of Subterranean Floods in Oceanic Subpolar Karst of Madre de Dios Archipelago (Patagonia, Chile) .................... 151 Laurent Morel, Stéphane Jaillet, Richard Maire and Members of Ultima Patagonia Characterizing the Hydrogeology of Bell Harbour Catchment, a Coastal Karstic Aquifer Influenced by the Tide and Affected by a Saltwater Intrusion ......................................... 163 M. Perriquet and T. Henry Contaminant Attenuation in Karst Aquifers: A Paradigm Shift ........ 175 M. Sinreich