Gynecologic Imaging PDF
Preview Gynecologic Imaging
Gynecologic Imaging This page intentionally left blank Gynecologic Imaging Julia R. Fielding, MD Professor of Radiology Division Chief of Abdominal Imaging Department of Radiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Douglas L. Brown, MD Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota Amy S. Thurmond, MD Director Medical Women’s Imaging Department Siker Medical Imaging and Intervention of Portland Portland, Oregon 1600 John F. Kennedy Boulevard Suite 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 GYNECOLOGIC IMAGING ISBN: 978-1-4377-1575-0 Copyright © 2011 Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notice Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. 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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gynecologic imaging / [edited by] Julia Fielding, Douglas Brown, Amy Thurmond. p. ; cm. – (Expert radiology series) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4377-1575-0 (hardcover) 1. Generative organs, Female--Imaging. 2. Generative organs, Female–Diseases–Diagnosis. 3. Pregnancy– Complications–Diagnosis. I. Fielding, Julia R. II. Brown, Douglas (Douglas L.) III. Thurmond, Amy S. IV. Series: Expert radiology series. [DNLM: 1. Genitalia, Female–radiography. 2. Diagnostic Imaging–methods. 3. Genital Diseases, Female–diagnosis. 4. Pregnancy Complications–radiography. WP 141] RG107.5.I4G96 2011 618.1’075–dc22 2011005048 Acquisitions Editor: Pamela Hetherington Developmental Editor: Kristina Oberle Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter Project Managers: Beth Hayes and Jessica L. Becher Design Direction: Steven Stave Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Lejla Aganovic, MD Douglas L. Brown, MD Assistant Professor Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Department of Radiology University of California Mayo Clinic College of Medicine San Diego, California Rochester, Minnesota Computed Tomography: Normal Anatomy, Imaging Pelvic Pain: Lower Urinary Tract—Urethral Techniques, and Pitfalls Diverticulum, Cysts, and Varix Uterine Leiomyomas Paula Amato, MD Approach to Imaging the Adnexal Mass Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lauren M. Brubaker, MD Oregon Health and Science University Resident Physician Portland, Oregon Department of Radiology Infertility, Evaluation, and Treatment University of North Carolina Hospitals University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Rochelle F. Andreotti, MD Chapel Hill, North Caroliina Professor of Clinical Radiology and Radiology Sciences Hysterosalpingography: Techniques, Normal Anatomy, Department of Radiology and Pitfalls Associate Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lara Lyn Bryan-Rest, MD Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Diagnostic Radiology Nashville, Tennessee Yale–New Haven Hospital Approach to Pelvic Pain and the Role of Imaging New Haven, Connecticut Ectopic Pregnancy Mostafa Atri, MD, Dipl Epid Head Richard L. Clark, MD Section of Ultrasound Emeritus Professor of Radiology Joint Department of Medical Imaging Department of Radiology Head University of North Carolina School of Medicine Division of the Abdomen Chapel Hill, North Carolina Medical Imaging Department Hysterosalpingography: Techniques, Normal Anatomy, Toronto University and Pitfalls Professor of Radiology University of Toronto Harris L. Cohen, MD Toronto, Ontario, Canada Chair and Professor of Radiology, Pediatrics, Malignant Ovarian Masses and Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Radiology Deborah A. Baumgarten, MD, MPH University of Tennessee Associate Professor Medical Director Department of Radiology Emory University Atlanta, Georgia Benign Endometrial Causes of Abnormal Bleeding v vi Contributors Department of Radiology Sara Durfee, MD LeBonheur Children’s Medical Center Assistant Professor Memphis, Tennessee Department of Radiology Emeritus Professor of Radiology Harvard Medical School Stony Brook School of Medicine Associate Radiologist Stony Brook, New York Department of Radiology Gynecologic Imaging of the Pediatric Patient Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Carlos Cuevas, MD Retained Products of Conception Assistant Professor Department of Radiology Steven C. Eberhardt, MD University of Washington Associate Professor Director Department of Radiology Gastronterology Radiology University of New Mexico Department of Radiology Albuquerque, New Mexico University of Washington Medical Center Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer Seattle, Washington Chronic Pelvic Pain Fiona M. Fennessy, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Radiology Roberta diFlorio-Alexander, MD Department of Radiology Assistant Professor Harvard Medical School Radiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology Assistant Professor of Radiology Dartmouth Medical School Department of Radiology Hanover, New Hampshire Brigham and Women’s Hospital Postpartum Complications Boston, Massachusetts Magnetic Resonance–Guided Ultrasound Surgery Manjiri Dighe, MD of Uterine Leiomyomas Assistant Professor Department of Radiology Julia R. Fielding, MD University of Washington Medical Center Professor of Radiology Seattle, Washington Division Chief of Abdominal Imaging Acute Pelvic Pain Department of Radiology Chronic Pelvic Pain University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina Vikram Dogra, MD Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Female Pelvis: Professor of Radiology Technique, Anatomy, and Pitfalls Urology and BME Imaging of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Department of Imaging Science University of Rochester Medical Center Maureen S. Filipek, MD Rochester, New York Radiologist The Normal Pelvis on Ultrasound Imaging Women’s Imaging and Anatomic Correlations EPIC Imaging West Beaverton, Oregon Peter M. Doubilet, MD, PhD Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia Professor of Radiology Uterine Cancers Harvard Medical School Senior Vice Chair of Radiology Jurgen J. Fütterer, MD, PhD Brigham and Women’s Hospital Radiologist Boston, Massachusetts Department of Radiology Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands Theodore Dubinsky, MD, FSRU Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Larry Mack Professor of Radiology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Health Sciences Margaret L. Gallegos, BS, MD Director of Body Imaging Resident Department of Radiology Department of Radiology University of Washington School of Medicine University of New Mexico Seattle, Washington Albuquerque, New Mexico Chronic Pelvic Pain Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer Contributors vii Nancy Hammond, MD Golbahar Houshmand, MD Assistant Professor of Radiology Research fellow Department of Radiology Department of Radiology Feinberg School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Northwestern University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chicago, Illinois Müllerian Uterine Anomalies Uterine Artery Embolization Lynne M. Hurwitz, MD Robert D. Harris, MD, MPH Associate Professor Co-Director of Ultrasound (Education and Research) Department of Radiology Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center Dartmouth Medical School Durham, North Carolina Lebanon, New Hampshire Dose Reduction Techniques in Multidetector Computed Professor of Radiology and Obstetrics and Gynecology Tomography Body Imaging Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Hannover, New Hampshire Tracy A. Jaffe, MD Postpartum Complications Associate Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology David S. Hartman, MD Duke University Medical Center Professor of Radiology Durham, North Carolina Department of Radiology Dose Reduction Techniques in Multidetector Computed The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Tomography Body Imaging Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Keith C. Kaplan, MD, MS Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Resident Physician Hershey, Pennsylvania Department of Radiology The Imaging of Contraception The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine Resident Physician Sara M. Harvey, MD Department of Radiology Instructor Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences Hershey, Pennsylvania Vanderbilt University The Imaging of Contraception Nashville, Tennessee Approach to Pelvic Pain and the Role of Imaging Akira Kawashima, MD, PhD Professor Tara Henrichsen, MD Department of Radiology Instructor Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Department of Diagnostic Radiology Consultant Mayo Clinic Department of Radiology Rochester, Minnesota Mayo Clinic Approach to Imaging the Adnexal Mass Rochester, Minnesota Pelvic Pain: Lower Urinary Tract—Urethral Mindy M. Horrow, MD, FACR, FSRU, FAIUM Diverticulum, Cysts, and Varix Associate Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology Cheryl L. Kirby, BA, MD Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine Assistant Professor Director of Body Imaging Department of Radiology Department of Radiology Albert Einstein Medical Center Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pitfalls in Gynecologic Ultrasound Pitfalls in Gynecologic Ultrasound Jill E. Langer, MD Keyanoosh Hosseinzadeh, MD Associate Professor Assistant Professor Department of Radiology Department of Diagnostic Imaging University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Section Chief Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Benign Ovarian Masses Department of Diagnostic Imaging University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Müllerian Uterine Anomalies viii Contributors Yan Mee Law, MBBS, FRCR Sean E. McSweeney, FFRCSI, MB, BCh, BAO Department of Diagnostic Radiology Joint Department of Medical Imaging Singapore General Hospital University of Toronto Singapore Toronto, Ontario, Canada Imaging of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Malignant Ovarian Masses Cervical Cancer Rashmi T. Nair Ellie R. Lee, MD Cleveland Clinic Foundation Assistant Professor Cleveland, Ohio Department of Radiology Use of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Univeristy of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Gynecologic Cancers Chapel Hill, North Carolina Tubal Abnormalities Paul Nikolaidis, MD Associate Professor of Radiology Susanna I. Lee, MD, PhD Feinberg School of Medicine Assistant Professor Northwestern University Department of Radiology Chicago, Illinois Harvard Medical School Uterine Artery Embolization Chief of Women’s Imaging Department of Radiology Ifeyinwa Y. Onyiuke, MB, BS Massachusetts General Hospital Clinical Professor Boston, Massachusetts Yale University School of Medicine Drainage and Biopsy Procedures Attending Radiologist Veterans Administration Connecticut Health Care System Thomas Lemond, BA, MD New Haven, Connecticut Radiology Resident Endometriosis Postgraduate Year 2 University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Tulin Ozcan, MD Memphis, Tennessee Associate Professor Gynecologic Imaging of the Pediatric Patient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Rochester Andrew J. LeRoy, MD Rochester, New York Consultant The Normal Pelvis on Ultrasound Imaging Department of Radiology and Anatomic Correlations Mayo Clinic Professor of Radiology Raj Mohan Paspulati, MD Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Assistant Professor Rochester, Minnesota Department of Radiology Pelvic Pain: Lower Urinary Tract—Urethral Case Western Reserve University Diverticulum, Cysts, and Varix University Hospitals Cleveland, Ohio Alfred Llave, MD Carcinoma of the Vagina and Vulva Abdominal Imaging Fellow Radiology Philip E. Patton, MD University of North Carolina Professor Chapel Hill, North Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Female Pelvis: Oregon Health and Science University Technique, Anatomy, and Pitfalls Portland, Oregon Infertility, Evaluation, and Treatment Shirley M. McCarthy, MD, PhD Professor Hope E. Peters, MD Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Obstetrics Instructor of Radiology and Gynecology Department of Ultrasound Yale University Brigham and Women’s Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Boston, Massachusetts Endometriosis Ultrasound-Guided Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy Adenomyosis Contributors ix Misty Blanchette Porter, MD Clare M. Tempany, MD Associate Professor Professor Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Radiology and Radiology Harvard Medical School Division of Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Department of Radiology Dartmouth Medical School Brigham and Women’s Hospital Hanover, New Hampshire Boston, Massachusetts Medical Director Magnetic Resonance–Guided Ultrasound Surgery In Vitro Fertilization and Assisted Reproduction of Uterine Leiomyomas Technology Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology Ashraf Thabet, MD and Radiology Instructor in Radiology Division of Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Department of Radiology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Harvard Medical School Lebanon, New Hampshire Assistant Radiologist The Ovary and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Dmitry Rakita, MD Boston, Massachusetts Chief Drainage and Biopsy Procedures Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Department of Radiology Amy S. Thurmond, MD Baystate Medical Center Director Springfield, Massachusetts Medical Women’s Imaging Department Assistant Professor Siker Medical Imaging and Intervention of Portland Tufts University School of Medicine Portland, Oregon Boston, Massachusetts Vaginal Fistulas Adenomyosis Imaging of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Fallopian Tube Catheterization Leslie M. Scoutt, MD Professor of Diagnostic Radiology and Surgery Fauzia Q. Vandermeer, MD Department of Diagnostic Radiology Assistant Professor Yale University School of Medicine Department of Diagnostic Radiology Chief University of Maryland School of Medicine Ultrasound Service Baltimore, Maryland Medical Director of the Non-Invasive Vascular Laboratory Ultrasound of the Normal and Failed Department of Diagnostic Radiology First-Trimester Pregnancy Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut Geoffrey E. Wile, BS, MD Endometriosis Assistant Professor Ectopic Pregnancy Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Shetal N. Shah, MD Nashville, Tennessee Assistant Professor Approach to Pelvic Pain and the Role of Imaging Department of Abdominal Imaging and Nuclear Medicine Co-Director Jade Wong-You-Cheong, MBChB, FRCR Center for Positron Emission Technology Professor and Molecular Imaging Department of Diagnostic Radiology Imaging Institute University of Maryland School of Medicine Cleveland Clinic Baltimore, Maryland Cleveland, Ohio Ultrasound of the Normal and Failed Use of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging First-Trimester Pregnancy in Gynecologic Cancers
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