Guns and Rubles: The Defense Industry in the Stalinist State (The Yale-Hoover Series on Stalin, Stalinism, and the Cold War) PDF
Preview Guns and Rubles: The Defense Industry in the Stalinist State (The Yale-Hoover Series on Stalin, Stalinism, and the Cold War)
The Yale-Hoover Series on Stalin, Stalinism, and the Cold War This page intentionally left blank Edited by M A R K H A R R I S O N Guns and Rubles THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY IN THE STALINIST STATE Published in cooperation with the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University Yale University Press New Haven & London Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Copyright ∫ 2008 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Set in Sabon by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guns and rubles : the defense industry in the Stalinist state / edited by Mark Harrison. p. cm. — (The Yale-Hoover series on Stalin, Stalinism, and the cold war) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-300-12524-5 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Defense industries—Soviet Union. 2. Weapons industry—Soviet Union. 3. Soviet Union—Military policy. 4. Soviet Union—History—1925–1953. I. Harrison, Mark, 1949– hd9743.s672g86 2008 338.4%73550094709043—dc22 2007051391 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Anne This page intentionally left blank Contents Foreword by Paul R. Gregory ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xix Abbreviations, Acronyms, Technical Terms, and Conventions xxi Note on References xxv 1 The Dictator and Defense 1 Mark Harrison 2 Before Stalinism: The Early 1920s 31 Andrei Sokolov 3 Hierarchies and Markets: The Defense Industry Under Stalin 50 Mark Harrison and Andrei Markevich 4 Planning the Supply of Weapons: The 1930s 78 Andrei Markevich 5 Planning for Mobilization: The 1930s 118 R. W. Davies viii Contents 6 The Soviet Market for Weapons 156 Mark Harrison and Andrei Markevich 7 The Market for Labor in the 1930s: The Aircraft Industry 180 Mikhail Mukhin 8 The Market for Inventions: Experimental Aircraft Engines 210 Mark Harrison 9 Secrecy 230 Mark Harrison Afterword 255 Contributors 261 Index 263 Foreword paul r. gregory The collapse of Soviet-style communism suggests that it had little to recommend itself. At its peak, one-third of the world’s population lived in countries claiming to be communist or part of the ‘‘socialist world.’’ Now trivial numbers of people live in the communist hold-out states of Cuba and North Korea. Although there appears to be an upsurge in leftist ideology in Latin America, no national leaders are proposing to create a Soviet-style eco- nomic or political system. We still have to come to terms with what appears to be the greatest achieve- ment of the administrative-command system—the victory of the relatively backward Soviet Union over the Nazi forces in World War II. Is the ability of the Soviet-style system to prioritize and to concentrate resources under a cen- tralized command an inherent strength of the system? In more practical terms, it raises the counterfactual question: Could the Soviet Union have withstood the onslaught of German military might in 1941 with an alternate political- economic system? Did Stalin’s brutal policies—forced industrialization, liqui- dation of class enemies, extreme centralization—in a sense pay off in the military sphere? Was the payoff a longer-run one? Was the Soviet economy, as many indeed hypothesized, segregated into two separate worlds—an ineffi- cient civilian sector hobbled by all the problems of a planned economy and a highly efficient military sector that was able to compete with or even surpass ix
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