Gum Arabic: Structure, Properties, Application and Economics

437 Pages·2018·9.7 MB·English

by  Abdalbasit Adam Mariod

Gum Arabic
Structure, Properties, Application and
Economics
Edited by
Abdalbasit Adam Mariod
Table of Contents
Cover
Title page
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
1: Acacia Seyal Gums in Sudan: Ecology and Economic Contribution
Abstract
Introduction
Acacia seyal tree
Acacia seyal distribution
Acacia seyal ecology
Acacia seyal husbandry
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis for acacia gum in Sudan
Acacia seyal contribution to production and export of gum Arabic
General discussion and recommendations
2: Management Practices of Gum Arabic–Producing Trees
Abstract
Introduction
The importance of gum Arabic–producing trees
Gum Arabic production
Land tenure and management practices
Limitations to management practices
Conclusion
3: Valuation of the Environmental Role of Acacia senegal Tree in the Gum Belt
of Kordofan and the Blue Nile Sectors, Sudan
Abstract
Introduction
The study area description
Methodology of the study
Results and discussion
4: Impact of Vegetation Cover Changes on Gum Arabic Production Using
Remote Sensing Applications in Gedarif State, Sudan
Abstract
Applications of remote sensing on vegetation cover changes in arid regions
Demographical features of Gadarif state
Gum Arabic Belt in Sudan and its economic importance
Impact of vegetation cover changes in the Gum Arabic Belt in Gadarif state
Remote sensing tools used
Results and discussion
5: Gum Arabic: Certification and Assessment of Marketing Opportunities
Abstract
Introduction
Gum Arabic production policies
The role of stakeholders involved in gum Arabic business
Trading channels
International factors
Definitions of certification
Definition of nontimber forest products
Certification systems for NTFPs
Forest (timberland) Stewardship Council principles
Organic agriculture
Fair trade: Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International
Current situation of gum Arabic business in Umm Ruwaba and El Rahad, Sudan production
Cost of certification
Challenges of gum Arabic certification
The opportunities
Conclusions
6: Chemical Properties of Gum Arabic
Abstract
Introduction
Chemical composition of gum Arabic
Moisture
Ash
Nitrogen and protein content
Amino acid composition
Acidity and pH
Solubility
Equivalent weight, molecular weight, and uronic acid
Reducing sugars
Mineral composition
Minor components of Acacia gums
7: Physical and Electrical Properties of Gum Arabic
Abstract
List of abbreviations
Introduction
Gum Arabic structure
Chemical and physical properties of gum Arabic
8: Analytical Techniques for New Trends in Gum Arabic (GA) Research
Abstract
Introduction
Chromatographic techniques
Mechanical stability
Determining the organic elements
Disintegration studies
Determining viscosity (η)
Thermogravimetric analysis
Differential scanning calorimeter
Infrared spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR)
Optical activity
Electric conductivity (Λ)
Determining dielectric relaxation (ε)
9: Gravimetric and Calorimetric Analysis of Some Sudanese Acacia Exudate
Gums
Abstract
Introduction
Classification and botanical description of the investigated samples
Results and discussion
Differential scanning calorimeter analysis
Elemental analysis results
Acknowledgments
10: Processing of a Highly Purified Grade of Gum Arabic From Gum Dust
Abstract
Introduction
Material and methods
Results and discussion
Conclusion
11: Processing and Modification of Gum Arabic in Specific Applications
Abstract
Introduction
Compositing and blending
Protein polysaccharide emulsions and polyelectrolytes formation
Cross-linking of gum Arabic with other polymers
Chemical modification with octenyl succinic anhydride for improved emulsification
Microencapsulation using gum Arabic
Electrospinning of gum Arabic
Nanosizing using gum Arabic
Drying and molding
Conclusion
12: Enhancement of Color Stability in Foods by Gum Arabic
Abstract
Introduction
Chemistry
Food uses
Gum Arabic as food color preserver
Conclusion
13: Gum Arabic as Thickener and Stabilizing Agents in Dairy Products
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanism of food stabilizers
Gum Arabic
Gum Arabic in dairy production
Use of gum Arabic in other food industries
The legal requirements for gum Arabic
14: Effect of Gum Arabic (Prebiotic) on Physicochemical and Organoleptic
Properties of Yogurt (Probiotic)
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
15: Extending Cloud Stability of Tamarindus indica L. Juice Using Sodium
Alginate and Gum Arabic During Storage in the Refrigerator
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and methods
Results and discussion
16: Health Benefits of Gum Arabic and Medical Use
Abstract
Introduction
History of gum Arabic
Chemistry of gum Arabic
Absorption and metabolism of gum Arabic
Potential health benefits of gum Arabic
Antiobesity effect of gum Arabic
The effects of gum Arabic on food intake
The effects of gum Arabic on serum lipid profiles
Gum Arabic and lipid metabolism gene
Protective effect of gum Arabic for type 2 diabetes mellitus complications
Antioxidant activity of gum Arabic
Hepatoprotective effect of gum Arabic
Nephroprotective effect of gum Arabic
Antiulcer activity of gum Arabic
Effects of gum Arabic on wound healing
Reproductive function improvement from gum Arabic
Immunomodulatory effect of gum Arabic
Antibacterial activity of gum Arabic
Antimalarial effect of gum Arabic
Gum Arabic and sickle cell anemia
Prebiotic properties of gum Arabic
Gum Arabic electrolyte and water absorption
Gum Arabic and cancer
Gum Arabic and cosmetics
Gum Arabic and inks
Toxicological effects of gum Arabic
Gum Arabic interactions with other medication
List of abbreviations
17: Gum Arabic Beneficial Effects, Clinical Applications, and Future
Prospective
Abstract
Introduction
Gum Arabic chemical structure
Health benefits of gum Arabic
Gum Arabic as prebiotic
Gum Arabic and butyrate
Gum Arabic effect on renal functions
Gum Arabic effect on gastrointestinal tract
Gum Arabic effect on lipid profile and blood pressure
Gum Arabic effects on blood glucose concentration and body mass
Gum Arabic immune-modulatory and antiinflammatory properties
Gum Arabic as antioxidant agent
Gum Arabic hematological effect
Gum Arabic anticancer properties
Gum Arabic and erythropoietin