Gulliver's Travels by Swift, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy by Sterne

568 Pages·1952·89.444 MB·English

by  Jonathan Swift, Laurence Sterne

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GULLIVERS TRAVELS
BY JONATHAN SWIFT
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TRISTRAM SHANDY
BY LAURENCE STERNE
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GENER!AL CONTENTS
»««*»»»<
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS, Page
i
ByJonathan Swift
TRISTRAM SHANDY, Page
191
ByLaurence Sterne
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
Jonathan Swift, i667-1745
Shortly after the death, in 1658, of Thomas patron in the Lord Justice of Ireland, Lord
Swift,VicarofGoodrich, hisfivesonsmigrated Berkeley, but again he was disappointed in his
to Ireland in hope ofrestoring the family for- hope ofpreferment and forced to content him-
tunes,lostthrough theirfather'ssupportofthe selfwith the income from threesmall parishes.
losing side during the Civil War. The eldest The only one which had a church was Larocor
son, Godwin, gained wealth and, when his with its congregation of fifteen people, "most
younger brother died, leaving a widow and of them gentle and all of them simple." Here
two children without any source ofincome, he Swift established himself. To Larocor he in-
became their support. The second of these vitedEstherJohnson, the"Stella" towhom he
children was Jonathan Swift, born in Dublin addressed his Journal, and her companion,
on November 30, 1667. At the age of six, he Rebecca Dingley. Esther Johnson had been a
was sent to Kilkenny Grammar School and dependent of Sir William Temple, and Swift
later to Trinity College by his Uncle Godwin. had taught her to read and write when they
Swift attributed the fact that he was "stopped resided at Moor Park together; she had been
of his degree for dulness and insufficiency" to eight, he, twenty-two.
his uncle's ill-treatment of him, which, as he Swift's life in Ireland did not absorb his en-
put it, caused him to become so "discouraged ergies or satisfy his ambitions. He travelled
and sunk in spirits" that he neglected his often to London where he frequented the
studies. By aspecial provision, he obtained his coffee houses and made the acquaintance of
degree from this institution in February 1685. Addison, Steele, Pope, and Congreve. Like
In 1689, his uncle having died insolvent, them, his sympathies were with the Whig par-
Swift went to England and entered the em- tyandhisfirstpoliticalpamphlet,publishedin
ployment of the essayist and diplomat, Sir 1701, was actually attributed to various Whig
William Temple, in his retirement at Moor leaders. Swift's discovery that the Whigs did
Park. After "growing into some confidence" notintendtousetheirpowertoaidtheChurch
with his employer and obtaining an A.M. de- was the occasion for a letter and three tracts,
gree from Oxford, his lack of advancement the most famous being the Argument to prove
rankled. He left Temple, took orders in Ire- that the abolishing of Christianity in England
land, and was appointed to the parish of Kil- may as things now standi be attendedwith some
y
root near Belfast. Two years later he resigned inconveniences (1708).
andreturnedtoMoorPark,whereheremained In 1710, the Tory, Robert Harley, became
until his patron's death. Chancellor of the Exchequer and shrewdly
Swift's ten years' connection with Temple welcomed Swift "with thegreatest respect and
had acquainted him with men and affairs and kindness imaginable." Soon afterwards Swift
afforded him the opportunity for extensive became the editor of the Tory weekly, the
reading and writing. "He writ and burnt, and Examiner. His pen made him a power in the
writ again upon almost all manner of sub- State; he warned Harley "never to appear
jects," even composing Pindaric poems in the cold" to him; at the Court, he boasted to
manner of Cowley which elicited Dryden's Stella, "I am so proud I make all the lords
comment: "Cousin Swift, you will never be a come up tome." With the accession ofGeorge
poet." BeforeTemple's death, Swift had writ- I, the Tory Ministry fell, and Swift retired to
ten twosatires, The Battleofthe Books and The the deanery of St. Patrick's in Dublin, be-
Tale ofa Tub, which, however, were not pub- stowed on him by Queen Anne instead of the
lished until 1704. English appointment he would have preferred
After Temple's death, Swift found another as recompense for his services.
IX