Guidelines in Clinical Surgery A Trainee Handbook (Hodder Arnold Publication)

449 Pages·2009·4.31 MB·English

by  Qassim Baker

Clinical Surgery
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Clinical Surgery:
A Practical Guide
Edited by
Qassim F Baker ■
MRChB Diploma(GenSurgery) FRCS
Clinical Tutor, Iraqi Board of Medical Specialisation
Assistant Professor, Baghdad College of Medicine
Formerly Consultant Surgeon, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq
Munther I Aldoori ■
PhD FRCS(Glas) FRCS(Eng) FRCS(Ed) FACS
Consultant General and Vascular Surgeon, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary,
Huddersfield
Senior Clinical Lecturer, University of Leeds
Examiner for RCS Glasgow, Edinburgh and England
Member of the Intercollegiate Board in General Surgery, UK
Visiting Professor, University of Baghdad, Iraq
First published in Great Britain in 2009 by
Hodder Arnold, an imprint of Hodder Education,
an Hachette UK company, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH
http://www.hoddereducation.com
© 2009 Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd
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Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to
press, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or
omissions that may be made. In particular, (but without limiting the generality of the preceding disclaimer)
every effort has been made to check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been missed.
F urthermore,dosageschedulesareconstantlybeingrevisedandnewside-effectsrecognized.Forthesereasons
the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies’ printed instructions before administering any of the
drugs recommended in this book.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN-13 978-0-340-94084-6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Commissioning Editor: Gavin Jamieson
Project Editor: Francesca Naish
Production Controller: Joanna Walker
Cover Design: Helen Townson
Typeset in 9.5 on 12pt Goudy by Phoenix Photosetting, Chatham, Kent
Printed and bound in India
What do you think about this book? Or any other Hodder Arnold title?
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We dedicate this book to the memory of our honoured teachers and trainers, who lit the path
of knowledge to so many generations of doctors.
Professor Khalid Naji Professor Aziz Shukri
Professor Yousif Al-Numan Professor Khalid Al-Qassab
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Contents
Contributors ix
Foreword xii
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xiv
1 Preoperative care 1
Mark Lansdown
2 Perioperative care 13
Andrew Mavor, Qassim F Baker
3 Postoperative care 20
CG Nanda Kumar, Ahmed Al-Mukhtar, Munther I Aldoori
4 Cardiovascular monitoring 39
CG Nanda Kumar
5 Shock, blood transfusion and coagulation 53
Sheila M Fraser, Amer Aldouri, Giles Toogood
6 Management of acute kidney injury in surgical patients 75
Andrew JP Lewington, Chas G Newstead
7 Respiratory failure and acid–base balance 87
Julie O’Riordan, Laura Harvey
8 Wound healing and the metabolic response to surgery 100
Timothy R Wilson, Qassim F Baker, Abdulhalim Al Zein
9 Systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis 118
Ramanathan Kandasamy, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Munther I Aldoori
10 Management of intestinal fistulae and enteral and parenteral nutrition 125
William Ainslie, Kishore Sasapu, Munther I Aldoori
11 Management of surgical jaundice 138
Amer Aldouri, Hassan Malik, Peter Lodge
12 Upper gastrointestinal bleeding 150
Basil J Ammori, Saleh Baghdadi
13 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding 166
Nigel A Scott
14 Management of severely injured patients 176
Andrew Lockey, Amjid Mohammed
15 Management of abdominal trauma 192
JEF Fitzgerald, Mike Larvin
16 Management of acute abdomen 205
Assad Aghahoseini, David J Alexander
17 Chronic critical limb ischaemia and the diabetic foot 230
Timothy R Wilson, Munther I Aldoori
CONTENTS
viii
18 Laparoscopic surgery 251
Peter Sedman
19 Management of surgery in obese patients 264
Amer Aldouri, S Dexter
20 Management of surgery in elderly patients 280
Qassim F Baker, H Devalia, Tharwat Sulliaman
21 Day surgery 289
Karl Mainprize
22 Antimicrobial prophylaxis, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureusandClostridium difficile-associated infection 295
Kevin G Kerr
23 Viral hepatitis and HIV infection in surgical practice 304
Walid Al-Wali
24 Medical therapy for surgical patients 319
Samir Abdulla, Suhail Doi
25 Principles of surgical oncology 335
Qassim F Baker, Steve Allen, Deirdre Pallister
26 Sutures, surgical incisions and surgical anastomoses 352
E Philip Perry, Naif El-Barghouti
27 Principles of anaesthesia 363
Ramanathan Kandasamy
28 Surgical considerations in hydatid disease 376
Vikram J Anand, Qassim F Baker, Samie Safar
29 Surgical considerations in schistosomiasis and filariasis 391
Refaat Kamel, Munther I Aldoori
30 Surgical considerations in tuberculosis 402
Vikram J Anand
31 Surgical considerations in typhoid 415
Vikram J Anand
Index 421
Contributors
Samir A Abdulla MBChB FRCS Ahmed Al-Mukhtar MBChB FRCS(Ed) FRCS
Associate specialist in general surgery with (Transplantation)
interest in upper GI and laparoscopic surgery Specialist registrar in hepatobiliary and
Queens Hospital, Burton on Trent, UK transplant surgery
St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
Assad Aghahoseini FRCS
Staff grade surgeon Walid Al-Wali MBChB FRCPath
York Hospital NHS Trust, York, UK Professor of microbiology, Consultant
medical microbiologist, Lead infection
William Ainslie MD FRCS(Glas) FRCS(Gen Surgery) control doctor, Director for infection
Consultant upper GI surgeon prevention and control, Medical director
Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Department of Medical Microbiology,
Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, UK Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust,
Rotherham, UK
Ahmed Al-Bahrani MBChB FRCS(Glas)
Specialist registrar Abdulhalim Al Zein MD FAS LAS
Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, UK Consultant laparoscopic general and upper
GI surgeon
Munther I Aldoori PhD FRCS(Glas) FRCS(Eng) Gloucester Royal Hospital,
FRCS(Ed) FACS Great Western Road,
Consultant general and vascular surgeon Gloucester, UK
Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield
Senior clinical lecturer, University of Leeds Basil J Ammori MB ChB FRCS(Ed) FRCS(Eng) MD
Examiner for RCS Glasgow, Edinburgh and Consultant hepatobiliary surgeon, Honorary
England senior lecturer and examiner for RCS
Member of the Intercollegiate Board in Edinburgh
General Surgery, UK University of Manchester and Manchester
Visiting Professor, University of Baghdad, Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
Baghdad, Iraq
Vikram J Anand
Amer Aldouri MBChB MD MRCS FRCS Consultant surgeon
(Hepatobiliary) Kalra Hospital and Sri Ram Cardio-Thoracic
Specialist registrar in surgery & Neurosciences Centre,
St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK New Delhi, India
Supervisor for postgraduate surgical studies
David J Alexander MBBs FRCS MS The National Board of Examinations,
Consultant colorectal surgeon and Clinical New Delhi, India
director of cancer service Surgical tutor and examiner
York Hospital NHS Trust, York, UK The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh,
Scotland, UK
Steve Allen MBBS MRCS FRCS Professor of surgery and former director,
Consultant radiologist department of surgery
Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK Maulana Azad Medical College and
Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India