Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, Sixth Edition

1116 Pages·2010·19.15 MB·English

GUIDE TO STABILITY DESIGN
CRITERIA FOR METAL
STRUCTURES
Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures, Sixth Edition Edited by Ronald D. Ziemian
Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
GUIDE TO STABILITY
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR
METAL STRUCTURES
Sixth Edition
Edited by
RONALD D. ZIEMIAN
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Guidetostabilitydesigncriteriaformetalstructures/editedbyRonaldD.Ziemian. – 6thed.
p.cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN978-0-470-08525-7(cloth)
1.Columns.2.Girders.I.Ziemian,RonaldD.
TA660.C6G852010
624.1(cid:2)821—dc22
2009020807
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
NOTATIONANDABBREVIATIONS xv
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 From the Metal Column to the Structural System / 1
1.2 Scope and Summary of the Guide / 2
1.3 Mechanical Properties of Structural Metals / 3
1.4 Definitions / 5
1.5 Postbuckling Behavior / 8
1.6 Credits for the Chapters in the Sixth Edition of
the SSRC Guide / 9
References / 11
CHAPTER2 STABILITYTHEORY 12
2.1 Introduction / 12
2.2 Bifurcation Buckling / 13
2.3 Limit-Load Buckling / 20
References / 22
CHAPTER3 CENTRALLYLOADEDCOLUMNS 23
3.1 Introduction / 23
3.2 Column Strength / 25
v
vi CONTENTS
3.3 Influence of Imperfections / 29
3.4 Influence of End Restraint / 44
3.5 Strength Criteria for Steel Columns / 52
3.6 Aluminum Columns / 63
3.7 Stainless Steel Columns / 79
3.8 Tapered Columns / 85
3.9 Built-Up Columns / 90
3.10 Stepped Columns / 104
3.11 Guyed Towers / 109
References / 114
CHAPTER4 PLATES 128
4.1 Introduction / 128
4.2 Elastic Local Buckling of Flat Plates / 130
4.3 Inelastic Buckling, Postbuckling, and Strength
of Flat Plates / 145
4.4 Buckling, Postbuckling, and Strength of
Stiffened Plates / 163
4.5 Buckling of Orthotropic Plates / 180
4.6 Interaction between Plate Elements / 188
References / 193
CHAPTER5 BEAMS 205
5.1 Introduction / 205
5.2 Elastic Lateral–Torsional Buckling, Prismatic
I-Section Members / 208
5.3 Fundamental Comparison of Design Standards,
Prismatic I-Section Members / 232
5.4 Stepped, Variable Web Depth and Other
Nonprismatic I-Section Members / 236
5.5 Continuous-Span Composite I-Section Members / 240
5.6 Beams with Other Cross-Sectional Types / 242
5.7 Design for Inelastic Deformation Capacity / 243
5.8 Concluding Remarks / 246
References / 247
CHAPTER6 PLATEGIRDERS 257
6.1 Introduction / 257
6.2 Preliminary Sizing / 259
CONTENTS vii
6.3 Web Buckling as a Basis for Design / 261
6.4 Shear Strength of Plate Girders / 262
6.5 Girders with No Intermediate Stiffeners / 274
6.6 Steel Plate Shear Walls / 275
6.7 Bending Strength of Plate Girders / 277
6.8 Combined Bending and Shear / 280
6.9 Plate Girders with Longitudinal Stiffeners / 283
6.10 End Panels / 290
6.11 Design of Stiffeners / 290
6.12 Panels under Edge Loading / 293
6.13 Fatigue / 305
6.14 Design Principles and Philosophies / 305
6.15 Girders with Corrugated Webs / 306
6.16 Research Needs / 311
References / 312
CHAPTER7 BOXGIRDERS 321
7.1 Introduction / 321
7.2 Bases of Design / 323
7.3 Buckling of Wide Flanges / 326
7.4 Bending Strength of Box Girders / 344
7.5 Nominal Shear Strength of Box Girders / 345
7.6 Strength of Box Girders under Combined
Bending, Compression, and Shear / 348
7.7 Influence of Torsion on Strength of Box Girders / 353
7.8 Diaphragms / 353
7.9 Top-Flange Lateral Bracing of Quasi-Closed
Sections / 365
7.10 Research Needs / 367
References / 368
CHAPTER8 BEAM-COLUMNS 371
8.1 Introduction / 371
8.2 Strength of Beam-Columns / 373
8.3 Uniaxial Bending: In-Plane Strength / 375
8.4 Uniaxial Bending: Lateral–Torsional Buckling / 386
8.5 Equivalent Uniform Moment Factor / 392
8.6 Biaxial Bending / 394
viii CONTENTS
8.7 Special Topics / 404
References / 405
CHAPTER9 HORIZONTALLYCURVEDSTEELGIRDERS 413
9.1 Introduction / 413
9.2 Historical Review / 414
9.3 Fabrication and Construction / 416
9.4 Analysis Methods / 421
9.5 Stability of Curved I-Girders / 423
9.6 Stability of Curved Box Girders / 440
9.7 Concluding Remarks / 442
References / 442
CHAPTER10 COMPOSITECOLUMNSANDSTRUCTURAL
SYSTEMS 456
10.1 Introduction / 456
10.2 U.S.–Japan Research Program / 460
10.3 Cross-Sectional Strength of Composite Sections / 467
10.4 Other Considerations for Cross-Sectional Strength / 471
10.5 Length Effects / 473
10.6 Force Transfer between Concrete and Steel / 474
10.7 Design Approaches / 478
10.8 Structural Systems and Connections for
Composite and Hybrid Structures / 484
10.9 Summary / 486
References / 486
CHAPTER11 STABILITYOFANGLEMEMBERS 493
11.1 Introduction / 493
11.2 Review of Experimental and Analytical Research / 494
11.3 Single-Angle Compression Members / 501
11.4 Current Industry Practice for Hot-Rolled
Single-Angle Members in the United States / 507
11.5 Design Criteria for Hot-Rolled Angle Columns
in Europe, Australia, and Japan / 511
11.6 Design of Axially Loaded Cold-Formed Single
Angles / 512
CONTENTS ix
11.7 Concluding Remarks on the Compressive
Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Single-Angle
Members / 514
11.8 Multiple Angles in Compression / 514
11.9 Angles in Flexure / 522
References / 526
CHAPTER12 BRACING 531
12.1 Introduction / 531
12.2 Background / 533
12.3 Safety Factors, φ Factors, and Definitions / 536
12.4 Relative Braces for Columns or Frames / 537
12.5 Discrete Bracing Systems for Columns / 538
12.6 Continuous Column Bracing / 541
12.7 Lean-on Systems / 542
12.8 Columns Braced on One Flange / 544
12.9 Beam Buckling and Bracing / 545
12.10 Beam Bracing / 546
References / 553
CHAPTER13 THIN-WALLEDMETALCONSTRUCTION 556
13.1 Introduction / 556
13.2 Member Stability Modes (Elastic) / 557
13.3 Effective Width Member Design / 571
13.4 Direct Strength Member Design / 581
13.5 Additional Design Considerations / 596
13.6 Structural Assemblies / 599
13.7 Stainless Steel Structural Members / 604
13.8 Aluminum Structural Members / 606
13.9 Torsional Buckling / 610
References / 611
CHAPTER14 CIRCULARTUBESANDSHELLS 626
14.1 Introduction / 626
14.2 Description of Buckling Behavior / 629
14.3 Unstiffened or Heavy-Ring-Stiffened Cylinders / 631
x CONTENTS
14.4 General Instability of Ring-Stiffened Cylinders / 651
14.5 Stringer- or Ring-and-Stringer-Stiffened Cylinders / 658
14.6 Effects on Column Buckling / 660
14.7 Cylinders Subjected to Combined Loadings / 664
14.8 Strength and Behavior of Damaged and
Repaired Tubular Columns / 669
References / 669
CHAPTER15 MEMBERSWITHELASTICLATERAL
RESTRAINTS 678
15.1 Introduction / 678
15.2 Buckling of the Compression Chord / 679
15.3 Effect of Secondary Factors on Buckling Load / 685
15.4 Top-Chord Stresses due to Bending of Floor
Beams and to Initial Chord Eccentricities / 686
15.5 Design Example / 686
15.6 Plate Girder with Elastically Braced
Compression Flange / 689
15.7 Guyed Towers / 689
References / 690
CHAPTER16 FRAMESTABILITY 692
16.1 Introduction / 692
16.2 Methods of Analysis / 693
16.3 Frame Behavior / 705
16.4 Frame Stability Assessment Using
Second-Order Analysis / 724
16.5 Overview of Current Code Provisions / 741
16.6 Structural Integrity and Disproportionate
Collapse Resistance / 748
16.7 Concluding Remarks / 753
References / 754
CHAPTER17 ARCHES 762
17.1 Introduction / 762
17.2 In-Plane Stability of Arches / 764
17.3 Out-of-Plane Stability of Arches / 782
17.4 Braced Arches and Requirements for Bracing
Systems / 792
CONTENTS xi
17.5 Ultimate Strength of Steel Arch Bridges / 798
References / 802
CHAPTER18 DOUBLYCURVEDSHELLSANDSHELL-LIKE
STRUCTURES 807
18.1 Introduction / 807
18.2 The Basic Problem / 810
18.3 Finite Element Method / 814
18.4 Design Codes / 816
18.5 Design Aids / 818
18.6 Reticulated Shells / 819
18.7 Design Trends and Research Needs / 821
References / 821
CHAPTER19 STABILITYUNDERSEISMICLOADING 824
19.1 Introduction / 824
19.2 Design for Local and Member Stability / 831
19.3 Global System Stability (P−(cid:3) Effects) / 882
References / 910
CHAPTER20 STABILITYANALYSISBYTHEFINITEELEMENT
METHOD 933
20.1 Introduction / 933
20.2 Nonlinear Analysis / 940
20.3 Linearized Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis / 943
References / 956
APPENDIXA GENERALREFERENCESONSTRUCTURAL
STABILITY 959
APPENDIXB TECHNICALMEMORANDAOFSTRUCTURAL
STABILITYRESEARCHCOUNCIL 963
B.1 Technical Memorandum No. 1: The Basic
Column Formula / 963
B.2 Technical Memorandum No. 2: Notes on the
Compression Testing of Metals / 965
B.3 Technical Memorandum No. 3: Stub-Column
Test Procedure / 970