guide for the operational use of speed and red-light offence detection technology guide for the

52 Pages·2015·0.61 MB·English

GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE
OGFU SIDPEE FDO ARN TDH ER OEDPE-LRIGATHITO NOAFFLE UNSCEE
OF SPDEEETDE CATNIOD NR ETDEC-LHIGNHOTL OGFFYENCE
DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
VERSION NUMBER: Version 1.2
VDEARTESI:O N NUMBER: DVercseiomnb 1e.r3 2015
DATE: October 2015
Copyright © 2015. All rights reserved. Associaton of Chief Police Ofcers of England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
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GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE OF SPEED AND RED-LIGHT OFFENCE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
A M E N D M E N T S
Version 1.2 dated December 2015 contains amendments within the following chapters:
Cetpah r 1 : Home Ofce Type Approval
Cetpah r :4 Equipment Classifcaton
Cetpah r :6 Speed Detecton Using a Speedometer Fited to a Patrol Vehicle
Cetpah r :8 Radar Speedmeters (across the road)
Cetpah r 10 : Laser Speedmeters
Additonal chapter:
Cetpah r 1 :7 Red-light Enforcement Cameras
Please note:
In April 2015 the Natonal Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) replaced the Associaton of Chief
Police Ofcers’ (ACPO). This document makes some historic references, where applicable,
to ACPO and ACPO approval.
© NPCC 2015 Version 1.2
GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE OF SPEED AND RED-LIGHT OFFENCE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE OF SPEED AND RED-LIGHT OFFENCE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
F O R E WO R D
Eforts of road safety partnerships and police forces across the country are
contnuing in an atempt to reduce the number of people killed or seriously injured
on our road network.
The UK has some of the safest roads in the world and countries around the globe are
adoptng our approaches to road safety. This success is achieved by using a number
of initatves including preventatve road safety actvity, enforcement of trafc
laws and driver educaton schemes. Roads policing enforcement technology has
developed greatly in recent tmes and contnues to play a crucial role in encouraging
motorists to respect trafc laws and in bringing ofending drivers to justce.
This guidance is provided to ensure we contnue to improve safety on our roads and
maintain public confdence in the integrity of the technology being used to identfy
ofending motorists.
Before equipment can be used to provide evidence that can be made admissible in
court, Home Ofce Type Approval (HOTA) of this technology is required. Equipment
is thoroughly tested and is not submited for approval untl scientsts are satsfed
with the integrity of the technology. HOTA provides an assurance of the technical
accuracy and reliability of all approved devices.
This document, produced by the Natonal Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC), provides
guidance for those using enforcement technologies on how Type Approved
equipment should be operated and an understanding of what may afect its
performance. It also provides an understanding of the reasons behind the advice
in the manufacturers’ instructon manuals, as well as practcal advice to improve
operatonal use.
Maintaining public confdence in enforcement technology is key to ensuring the
public’s contnued trust in the technologies used in helping reduce ofending on our
roads and making them safer.
Steve Barry
Assistant Chief Constable, Sussex Police
NPCC lead, Roads Policing Enforcement Technology
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GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE OF SPEED AND RED-LIGHT OFFENCE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
CONTENTS
Introducton ................................................................................................................................6
1 Home Ofce Type Approval ........................................................................ 8
1.1 What is Home Ofce Type Approval (HOTA)? ........................................................8
1.2 Roads Policing Enforcement Technology (RPET) group ..........................................8
1.2.1 RPET group terms of reference ...............................................................................9
1.3 Where can informaton on HOTA be found? ..........................................................10
1.4 What is the HOTA process? ....................................................................................10
1.5 Does the RPET group act as a consultancy or provide design advice? ...................11
1.6 What is the advantage of HOTA? ............................................................................11
1.7 ACPO approved devices .........................................................................................11
1.8 Non-approved equipment ......................................................................................12
1.9 What could invalidate HOTA? .................................................................................12
1.10 Can HOTA devices be altered at all? .......................................................................13
1.11 Who is responsible for maintaining HOTA standards? ...........................................13
2 Health and Safety Act ................................................................................. 14
2.1 Roadside enforcement precautons .......................................................................14
3 Operatonal Training ................................................................................... 15
3.1 Objectves for training enforcement device operators ...........................................15
3.2 Additonal training objectves for tme/distance devices ........................................15
4 Equipment Classifcaton ............................................................................ 16
4.1 Atended actvely operated ....................................................................................16
4.2 Automatc operaton ...............................................................................................16
4.3 Unatended automatc operaton ...........................................................................17
4.4 Supervised automatc operaton ............................................................................17
5 Cosine Efect ............................................................................................... 18
5.1 What is it? ..............................................................................................................18
5.1.1 Rule of thumb .........................................................................................................18
5.2 How does it work? .................................................................................................19
5.3 Good practce ..........................................................................................................21
5.3.1 Hand-held and portable speedmeters ...................................................................21
5.3.2 Fixed cameras/speedmeters ...................................................................................22
5.4 Additonal consideratons ......................................................................................22
6 Speed Detecton Using a Speedometer Fited to a Patrol Vehicle ................ 23
6.1 Means of check ......................................................................................................23
6.2 Minimum distance .................................................................................................23
6.3 Speedometer accuracy ...........................................................................................23
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7 Radar Speedmeters (hand-held) ................................................................. 24
7.1 Radar speedmeter technology descripton ............................................................24
7.2 Confdence checks ..................................................................................................25
7.2.1 Sight alignment .......................................................................................................25
7.2.2 Speed accuracy .......................................................................................................25
7.3 Typical use ..............................................................................................................25
7.4 Precautons .............................................................................................................25
7.4.1 General ...................................................................................................................25
7.4.2 Health and safety ....................................................................................................26
7.4.3 Evidence .................................................................................................................26
8 Radar Speedmeters (across the road) ......................................................... 27
8.1 Technology descripton ..........................................................................................27
8.2 Confdence checks ..................................................................................................27
8.2.1 Alignment ...............................................................................................................27
8.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy ..................................................................................27
8.3 Typical use ...............................................................................................................27
8.4 Precautons .............................................................................................................28
8.4.1 General....................................................................................................................28
8.4.2 Health and safety ...................................................................................................28
8.4.3 Evidence ..................................................................................................................28
9 Parabolic Radar .......................................................................................... 29
9.1 Technology descripton ..........................................................................................29
9.2 Confdence checks ..................................................................................................29
9.2.1 Alignment ...............................................................................................................29
9.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy ..................................................................................29
9.3 Typical use ..............................................................................................................29
9.4 Precautons .............................................................................................................29
9.4.1 General ...................................................................................................................29
9.4.2 Health and safety ...................................................................................................29
9.4.3 Evidence ..................................................................................................................29
10 Laser Speedmeters ..................................................................................... 30
10.1 Laser speedmeter technology descripton .............................................................30
10.2 Confdence checks ..................................................................................................30
10.2.1 Sight alignment .......................................................................................................30
10.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy ..................................................................................31
10.3 Typical use ..............................................................................................................31
10.4 Precautons .............................................................................................................31
10.4.1 General ...................................................................................................................31
10.4.2 Health and safety ...................................................................................................31
10.4.3 Evidence .................................................................................................................32
10.5 Laser speedmeter check range ..............................................................................32
10.5.1 Descripton ..............................................................................................................32
10.5.2 Range set-up ...........................................................................................................32
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CONTENTS
11 Sitng Consideratons for Automatc Unatended Speedmeters .................... 33
11.1 Site surveys ............................................................................................................. 33
11.2 Unatended site set up ............................................................................................ 33
12 In-car Distance/Time Devices ..................................................................... 34
12.1 Technology descripton ........................................................................................... 34
12.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 34
12.2.1 Sight alignment ....................................................................................................... 34
12.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy .................................................................................. 34
12.3 Typical use ............................................................................................................... 35
12.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 35
12.3.2 Follow check ........................................................................................................... 35
12.3.3 Pre-fed distance check ............................................................................................ 36
12.3.4 Being followed ........................................................................................................ 36
12.3.5 Crossing check ......................................................................................................... 36
12.3.6 Dial in distance check .............................................................................................. 36
12.4 Precautons ............................................................................................................. 37
12.4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 37
12.4.2 Health and safety ................................................................................................... 37
12.4.3 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 37
13 Automatc Distance/Time Devices .............................................................. 38
13.1 Technology descripton ........................................................................................... 38
13.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 38
13.2.1 Site alignment ........................................................................................................ 38
13.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy .................................................................................. 38
13.3 Typical use ............................................................................................................... 39
13.4 Precautons ............................................................................................................. 39
13.4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 39
13.4.2 Health and safety ................................................................................................... 39
13.4.3 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 39
14 Chronometers ............................................................................................ 40
14.1 Technology descripton ........................................................................................... 40
14.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 40
14.2.1 Sight alignment ....................................................................................................... 40
14.2.2 Timing check .......................................................................................................... 40
14.2.3 Distance and speed accuracy .................................................................................. 41
14.3 Typical use .............................................................................................................. 41
14.4 Precautons ............................................................................................................. 41
14.4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 41
14.4.2 Health and safety .................................................................................................... 41
14.4.3 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 41
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CONTENTS
11 Sitng Consideratons for Automatc Unatended Speedmeters .................... 33 15 Sensor Operated Roadside Speedmeters .................................................... 42
11.1 Site surveys ............................................................................................................. 33 15.1 Technology descripton ........................................................................................... 42
11.2 Unatended site set up ............................................................................................ 33 15.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 42
15.2.1 Alignment ............................................................................................................... 42
12 In-car Distance/Time Devices ..................................................................... 34
15.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy ................................................................................. 42
12.1 Technology descripton ........................................................................................... 34
15.3 Typical use ............................................................................................................... 42
12.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 34
15.4 Precautons ............................................................................................................ 43
12.2.1 Sight alignment ....................................................................................................... 34
15.4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 43
12.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy .................................................................................. 34
15.4.2 Health and safety .................................................................................................... 43
12.3 Typical use ............................................................................................................... 35
15.4.3 Evidence .................................................................................................................. 43
12.3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................ 35
12.3.2 Follow check ........................................................................................................... 35 16 Cameras ...................................................................................................... 44
12.3.3 Pre-fed distance check ............................................................................................ 36 16.1 Technology descripton .......................................................................................... 44
12.3.4 Being followed ........................................................................................................ 36 16.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 44
12.3.5 Crossing check ......................................................................................................... 36 16.2.1 Site alignment ......................................................................................................... 44
12.3.6 Dial in distance check .............................................................................................. 36 16.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy ................................................................................. 45
12.4 Precautons ............................................................................................................. 37 16.2.3 Evidence .................................................................................................................. 45
12.4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 37 17 Red-light Enforcement Cameras ................................................................. 46
12.4.2 Health and safety ................................................................................................... 37
17.1 Technology descripton .......................................................................................... 46
12.4.3 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 37 17.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 47
13 Automatc Distance/Time Devices .............................................................. 38 17.2.1 Red-light in ofence image ...................................................................................... 47
13.1 Technology descripton ........................................................................................... 38 17.3 Typical use ............................................................................................................... 47
13.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 38 17.4 Precautons ............................................................................................................ 47
13.2.1 Site alignment ........................................................................................................ 38 17.4.1 General ............................................................................................................. 47
13.2.2 Distance and speed accuracy .................................................................................. 38 17.4.2 Health and safety .............................................................................................. 47
13.3 Typical use ............................................................................................................... 39 17.4.3 Evidence ............................................................................................................ 47
13.4 Precautons ............................................................................................................. 39
13.4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 39
13.4.2 Health and safety ................................................................................................... 39
13.4.3 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 39
14 Chronometers ............................................................................................ 40
14.1 Technology descripton ........................................................................................... 40
14.2 Confdence checks .................................................................................................. 40
14.2.1 Sight alignment ....................................................................................................... 40
14.2.2 Timing check .......................................................................................................... 40
14.2.3 Distance and speed accuracy .................................................................................. 41
14.3 Typical use .............................................................................................................. 41
14.4 Precautons ............................................................................................................. 41
14.4.1 General ................................................................................................................... 41
14.4.2 Health and safety .................................................................................................... 41
14.4.3 Evidence ................................................................................................................. 41
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GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE OF SPEED AND RED-LIGHT OFFENCE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
The Road Trafc Ofenders’ Act 1988 (amended by the Road Trafc Act 1991) allows for the Type
Approval of devices to be used for the detecton of the speed of motor vehicles. The Home Ofce’s
Centre for Applied Science and Technology (CAST) and Natonal Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC) Roads
Policing Enforcement Technology (RPET) group specify and operate the Type Approval process to assure
that equipment that atains the award of Type Approval is of the required accuracy and is resistant to
error. Testng is challenging and rigorous, making the UK Type Approval one of the most exactng and
sought afer certfcatons of police enforcement equipment available worldwide.
The evidence from Type Approved equipment is therefore of high integrity and inherently reliable.
The purpose of this guide is to allow operators of Type Approved equipment to achieve a consistent
standard wherever it is used to support prosecutons for speed and red-light ofences.
Calibraton of equipment is not a conditon of Type Approval within the meaning of the Road Trafc
Ofenders’ Act Secton 20(4) and, therefore, failure to prove calibraton does not afect the admissibility
of evidence. While it is not a conditon, it is recommended that calibraton is performed on an annual
basis as normal routne maintenance of the device.
The speed of trafc is a signifcant factor in the severity of injury in road trafc collisions. Government
and industry research has shown that the use of excess and excessive speed is common, making the
requirement for speed management a necessary measure in the reducton of the volume of road
trafc-related injuries. While educaton and engineering are important in the treatment of trafc
system casualty rates, enforcement of speed limits remains an important and immediate requirement
in support of those measures for the foreseeable future.
This guide provides advice on operatng practces to maintain a consistent speed enforcement facility
to drive down casualtes and provide public confdence in police-led road trafc enforcement.
The devices referred to in this guide are subject to rigorous feld and laboratory testng to ensure the
accuracy and reliability of their measurements and to prevent the possibility of spurious measurements
being produced. Manufacturers’ instructons should be followed to ensure results meet Home Ofce
Type Approval and those proven during testng.
Manufacturers’ instructons are assessed along with the equipment during the Type Approval process.
They are later changed only with the permission of CAST, afer an amendment request is received
along with the amended manual. The manufacturers’ instructons therefore form the most relevant
operatng procedures to be carried out when operatng each piece of equipment. This guide explains
the reasoning behind some of the instructons in operator manuals but is subservient to them.
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GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE OF SPEED AND RED-LIGHT OFFENCE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE OF SPEED AND RED-LIGHT OFFENCE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
The advice in this guide should be used to enhance the operators’ understanding of the principles used
by the equipment and to avoid misuse, which has the potental to afect accurate speed measurement
of target vehicles.
While the practce described in this manual assists users in the trouble-free operaton of roads policing
enforcement equipment, there is no legal requirement that the guide is followed; however, the practce
contained herein will reduce the potental for mistakes in procedure.
NOTE:
Compliance with the guidance in this document is not a conditon of Type Approval.
Non-compliance with the suggested practce herein by a police ofcer, partnership, or rep-
resentatve of a partnership does not mean that any speed measurement obtained
is necessarily inaccurate.
© NPCC 2015 Version 1.2 7
GUIDE FOR THE OPERATIONAL USE OF SPEED AND RED-LIGHT OFFENCE DETECTION TECHNOLOGY
1 HOME OFFCE TYPE APPROVAL
1.1 What is Home Ofce Type Approval (HOTA)?
HOTA is a process that is designed to ensure devices are accurate, reliable and robust and
provide accurate evidence leading to safe convictons.
HOTA is granted for enforcement devices that are intended for police use and have been
manufactured or supplied to meet the strict criteria laid down in handbooks produced by
CAST. If the device meets the criteria and is successful in Type Approval testng the supplier
and the Home Ofce enter into a Type Approval agreement. This places a strict contractual
obligaton on the supplier to ensure all devices supplied for roads policing enforcement
in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales comply exactly with the devices tested.
Evidence from equipment that is awarded HOTA is admissible in court by way of certfcaton
of the record in accordance with Secton 20 of the Road Trafc Ofenders’ Act 1988, Speeding
Ofences etc: admissibility of certain evidence. Prescripton Orders in the form of Statutory
Instruments (SI) describe devices in a generic way. HOTA of individual makes and models
ftng that descripton are then made by a Ministerial Approval for equipment that passes
the CAST and RPET testng.
Day-to-day management of the HOTA process is provided by Road Safety Support (RSS).
1.2 Roads Policing Enforcement Technology (RPET) group
RPET has a nominated chief police ofcer who is a member of the NPCC Roads Policing
Business Area. The NPCC lead meets with the Home Ofce Road Crime Secton at a strategic
level to address RPET operatonal and Type Approval challenges. The NPCC lead neither
recommends nor makes decisions on Type Approval; this is a Home Ofce responsibility. The
secretariat to the NPCC lead is provided by RSS.
RPET also operates a user forum, chaired by RSS, which addresses issues afectng the use,
testng and development of roads policing technology.
The forum has no decision-making power, and any issues raised through the group will be
brought to the atenton of the NPCC lead through the chair of the group.
Delegates for the user forum are drawn from:
1 Roads policing ofcers/road safety partnership staf
2 Home Ofce
3 CAST
4 Crown Prosecuton Service (CPS)
5 Industry and suppliers
Other persons can be co-opted onto the user forum to provide technical, legal or operatonal
expertse. The user forum meets regularly to progress issues arising from its terms of
reference.
In between meetngs RSS contnues to progress issues relatng to devices undergoing HOTA
testng and provides a liaison between the operatonal ofcer, manufacturers, Government
agencies and NPCC.
8 © NPCC 2015 Version 1.2