Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad PDF
Preview Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad
STUDIES ON ETHNIC GROUPS IN CHINA Stevan Harrell, Editor STUDIES ON ETHNIC GROUPS IN CHINA Cultural Encounters on China)s Ethnic Frontiers Edited by Stevan Harrell Guest People: Hakkaldentity in China andAbroad Edited by Nicole Constable GUEST PEOPLE Hakka Identity in China and Abroad Edited by NICOLE CONSTABLE University of Washington Press Seattle and Londcn STUDIES ON ETHNIC GROUPS IN CHINA is supported in part by a grant from the Henry Luce Foundation to the Henry M. Jackson School ofInternationai Studies of the University of Washington. The publication of Guest People: Hakka Identity in China and Abroad is supported in part by a grant from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. Copyright © 1996 by the University of Washington Press Printed in the United States of America AIl rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Guest people: Hakka identity in China and abroad / edited by Nicole Constable. p. cm.-(Studies on ethnic groups in China) ISBN 0-295-<)7469-<) (alk. paper) 1. Hakka (Chinese people) 1. Constable, Nicole. II. Series. DS731.H3G83 1996 95-17857 951--dC20 CIP The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39-48-1984. ~ TO THE HAKKA AMONG WHOM WE HAVE BEEN GUESTS Contents Introduction What Does It Mean to Be Hakka? NICOLE CONSTABLE 3 II The Hakka or "Guest People" Dialect as a Sociocultural Variable in Southeast China MYRON L. COHEN 21 Hakka Villagers in a Hong Kong City The Original People ofTsuen Wan ELI ZAB ETH LOM INS KA JO HN S ON 80 31 Poverty, Piety, and the Past Hakka Christian Expressions ofHakka Identity NICOLE CONSTABLE 4f Form and Content in Hakka Malaysian Culture SHARON A. CARSTENS 124 51 Still "Guest People" The Reproduction ofHakkaIdentity in Calcutta, India ELLEN OXFELD 149 Vll CONTENTS 6/ The Hakka Ethnic Movement in Taiwan, 1986-1991 HOWARD J. MARTIN 176 7/ The Hakka Paradox in the People's Republic of China Exile, Eminence, and Public Silence MARY S. ERBAUGH 196 Glossary 232 References 235 Contributors 269 Index 271 V111 Maps 7.1. HAKKA LANGUAGE AREAS 200 7.2. SO V lET BAS E S 201 7.3. HAKKA COUNTRY AND 1935 PROVINCIAL BOUNDARIES 202 7.4. LONG MARCH ROUTES 203 ix Note on Romanization Most of the Chinese terms in this volume have been romanized in Mandarin pinyin with several exceptions: The terms Hakka (Mandarin: Kejia) and Punti (Mandarin: Bendi) are written according to their most familiar English spellings rather than in their less-common pinyin forms. Place names outside the People's Republic of China generally follow local custom (e.g., Hong Kong, not Xianggang), and personal names follow either individual or personal preferences or the standard recognized spelling (e.g., Sun Yat-sen, not Sun Zhongshan). Unless otherwise indicated, oral colloquial expressions are cited in the dialect in which they were spoken. A glossary of Chinese characters appears at the end of this volume. x
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