Guarantee of the accused person's right to defense counsel. A comparative study of Vietnamese ...

251 Pages·2017·3.03 MB·English

䝵慲慮瑥攠潦⁴桥⁡捣畳敤⁰敲獯渧猠物杨琠瑯⁤敦敮獥⁣潵湳敬⸠䄠捯浰慲慴楶攠獴畤礠潦
噩整湡浥獥Ⱐ䝥牭慮⁡湤⁁浥物捡渠捲業楮慬⁰牯捥摵牥慷
Luong Thi, My Quynh
2011
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Citation for published version (APA):
Luong Thi, M. Q. (2011). Guarantee of the accused person's right to defense counsel. A comparative study of
Vietnamese, German and American criminal procedure law. The Faculty of Law, Lund University.
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LUND UNIVERSITY
PO Box 117
221 00 Lund
[phone]
LUND UNIVERSITY HOCHIMINH CITY
FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF LAW

LUONG THI MY QUYNH

GUARANTEE OF THE ACCUSED PERSON’S RIGHT
TO DEFENSE COUNSEL – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
OF VIETNAMESE, GERMAN AND AMERICAN
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAWS

Field of Study: International and Comparative Law
Code: 62.38.60.01

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF LAW

HO CHI MINH CITY - 2011
LUND UNIVERSITY HOCHIMINH CITY
FACULTY OF LAW UNIVERSITY OF LAW

LUONG THI MY QUYNH

GUARANTEE OF THE ACCUSED PERSON’S RIGHT
TO DEFENSE COUNSEL – A COMPARATIVE STUDY
OF VIETNAMESE, GERMAN AND AMERICAN
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAW

Field of Study: International and Comparative Law
Code: 62.38.60.01

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION OF LAW

Swedish Supervisor Vietnamese Supervisor
Prof. Per-Ole Träskman Asst. Prof. Nguyen Thai Phuc

HO CHI MINH CITY - 2011
Acknowledgements
On completing this dissertation, I would like to sincerely thank the professors,
scientists and staff at the Ho Chi Minh City College of Law, Ha Noi University of
Law, Vietnam, Faculty of Law - Lund University, Sweden, the Max Planck Institute
for Foreign and International Criminal Law - Germany, Suffolk University School
of Law (SU) in Boston, MA, US for their enthusiastic and valuable help. I would
also like to extend my thanks to Sida (the Swedish International Development
Agency) and the Board of Directors of the Project “Strengthening Legal Education
in Vietnam”. I especially wish to express my thanks to Asst. Prof. Bengt Lundell of
the Faculty of Law - Lund University who gave me great support and
encouragement during my work on the dissertation and helped me to finish the
work.
Those to whom I would also like to give my special thanks are my supervisors,
Prof. Per-Ole Träskman of Faculty of Law - Lund University and Asst. Prof.
Nguyen Thai Phuc of the Ministry of Justice of Vietnam. I would like to express my
deepest gratitude to all of you for your insightful comments and instructions which
guided me throughout the course of my research.
I do hereby extend my greatest thanks to Prof. Peter Westberg of Faculty of Law -
Lund University for instructing me from the beginning of this dissertation research.
His helps and thorough suggestions to my dissertation draft have brought me ideas
and thoughts to perfect my today complete dissertation. I am deeply grateful for all
your helps.
Particular thanks and gratitude go to the professors and doctors attending the
prolongation seminars who gave their assessments and made recommendations on
my dissertation throughout the last few years, especially Prof. Bernard M. Ortwein
of the Suffolk University School of Law (SU) in Boston, MA, US, and Asst. Prof.
Christoffer Wong of Faculty of Law, Lund University, Sweden.
During the course of my research, it was my good fortune to have received help and
encouragement from many professors, lecturers, administrative staff, and librarians
at the Faculty of Law - Lund University, Sweden. In particularly, I would like to
give special thanks to Prof. Christina Moëll, Prof. Hans Henrik Ligard, Prof. Lars
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Göran Malmberg, Asst. Prof. Chritian Häthén, Asst. Prof. Helén Örnemark-Hansen,
Hans Liepack, Anna Wiberg, Gunilla Wiklund and Philip Horowitz.
I would also like to thank my professors and colleagues at the Ho Chi Minh City
College of Law and Ha Noi University of Law, Vietnam for all their help and
support. Special thanks to go to Asst. Prof. Nguyen Van Luyen, Asst. Prof. Nguyen
Thai Phuc, Asst. Prof. Mai Hong Quy, Dr. Tran Thi Quang Vinh, Dr. Vo Thi Kim
Oanh and Dr. Nguyen Phuong Hoa.
Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my parents from the both
sides of my family, my husband, my son and my daughter for their warmest
support, care and love. I really appreciated it!

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Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ vi
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 1: BASIC ISSUES ON GUARANTEEING THE ACCUSED PERSON’S
RIGHT TO DEFENSE COUNSEL ..................................................................................... 12
1.1. Basic theoretical issues on the guarantee of the accused person’s right to defense
counsel ................................................................................................................................. 13
1.1.1. Historical views of the guarantee of the right to defense counsel .......................... 13
1.1.2. Legal foundation of the right to defense counsel .................................................... 18
1.1.2.1. Due Process of law ................................................................................................. 19
1.1.2.2. Principle of the Right to Fair trial .......................................................................... 23
1.1.3. Purpose of the right to defense counsel ................................................................... 29
1.2. Guarantee of the right to defense counsel in international legal documents ........ 30
1.2.1. Overview of the legal documents connected with the guarantee of the right to
defense counsel ................................................................................................................... 30
1.2.2. The right to defense counsel under international legal documents ........................ 34
CHAPTER 2: GUARANTEE OF THE ACCUSED PERSON’S RIGHT TO DEFENSE
COUNSEL UNDER VIETNAMESE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAWS ........................ 42
2.1. Overview ...................................................................................................................... 42
2.1.1. Background on Vietnamese criminal procedure ..................................................... 42
2.1.2. History and development of the right to defense counsel under Vietnamese
Criminal Procedure Law .................................................................................................... 45
2.1.2.1. Period from 1945 to 1954 ....................................................................................... 46
2.1.2.2. Period from 1955 to 1988 (before the coming into effect of Vietnamese Code of
Criminal Procedure) ............................................................................................................ 48
2.1.2.3. The period from 1989 to the present ....................................................................... 50
2.2. The current laws of Vietnamese criminal procedure guarantees the right of the
accused to defense counsel ................................................................................................ 53
2.2.1. Right to defense counsel of the accused is a basic right ......................................... 53
2.2.2. The Criminal Procedure Code on the defense counsel ........................................... 54
2.2.2.1. Three kinds of defense counsel ............................................................................... 54
2.2.2.2. Rights and obligations of defense counsel under the provisions of the Code of
Criminal Procedure ............................................................................................................. 58
2.2.3. The responsibility of the Competent Authorities in guaranteeing the accused’s
right to defense counsel ...................................................................................................... 60
2.2.3.1. The responsibility of the Investigating Bodies ........................................................ 60
2.2.3.2. The responsibility of the Procuracies ..................................................................... 61
2.2.3.3. The responsibily of the Courts ................................................................................ 62
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2.3. Comments on the practice of guaranteeing the right to defense counsel to accused
persons in Vietnamese criminal procedure ..................................................................... 68
2.3.1. Achievements made regarding the guarantee of the right to defense counsel of the
accused ................................................................................................................................ 68
2.3.1.1. Legislative achievements ........................................................................................ 68
2.3.1.2. Achievements in the area of implementation of the law ......................................... 71
2.3.2. Shortcomings in the practice of the right to defense counsel ................................. 75
2.3.2.1. Regarding normative regulations ........................................................................... 75
2.3.2.2. Shortcomings in the application of the law ............................................................ 88
CHAPTER 3: GUARANTEE OF THE ACCUSED PERSON’S RIGHT TO DEFENSE
COUNSEL UNDER GERMAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAWS .............................. 100
3.1. Overview of the German criminal procedure ........................................................ 101
3.1.1. Sources of law ......................................................................................................... 101
3.1.2. The stages in the procedure and the role of defense counsel ................................ 103
3.1.2.1. The Stages in the Procedure ................................................................................. 103
3.1.2.2. Role of defense counsel ......................................................................................... 109
3.2. Aspects of guaranteeing the right to defense counsel in German criminal
procedure .......................................................................................................................... 112
3.2.1. Time of guaranteeing the right to defense counsel ............................................... 112
3.2.2. Mandatory appointment of defense counsel .......................................................... 114
3.2.2.1. Mandatory defense counsel .................................................................................. 114
3.2.2.2. Appointement defense counsel .............................................................................. 115
3.2.3. Legal aid .................................................................................................................. 117
3.2.4. Selection and Waiver of defense counsel ............................................................... 120
3.2.5. Effective defense ..................................................................................................... 121
3.2.5.1. Right of access to the Case File ............................................................................ 122
3.2.5.2. The right to adequate time and facilities for preparation of the defense ............. 125
3.2.5.3. Communication between defense counsel and client ............................................ 126
3.3. Actual status of the guarantee of the right to defense counsel .............................. 129
CHAPTER 4: GUARANTEE OF THE ACCUSED PERSON’S RIGHT TO DEFENSE
COUNSEL UNDER AMERICAN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAWS .......................... 133
4.1. An overview of US Criminal Procedure ................................................................. 133
4.1.1. Sources of law ......................................................................................................... 134
4.1.2. Adversary system of Justice .................................................................................... 136
4.1.3. Legal Foundation of Due Process of law ............................................................... 141
4.2. Guarantee of the accused person’s right to defense counsel under US criminal
procedure .......................................................................................................................... 144
4.2.1. Generality of the guarantee of the right to defense counsel in US criminal
procedure ........................................................................................................................... 144
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4.2.2. Aspects of the guarantee of the right to defense counsel ...................................... 151
4.2.2.1. Time for theapplication of the right ...................................................................... 151
4.2.2.2. Selection and Waiver of the right to defense counsel ........................................... 158
4.2.2.3. Effective defense counsel ...................................................................................... 163
4.2.2.4. Defense fee ............................................................................................................ 171
4.3. Status of the guarantee of the right to defense counsel in the US criminal
procedure law ................................................................................................................... 174
4.3.1. Strong points ........................................................................................................... 174
4.3.2. Actual status of the guarantee of the right to defense counsel in the US criminal
procedure system .............................................................................................................. 177
CHAPTER 5: EVALUATION, COMPARISON AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON THE
PERFECTION OF THE VIETNAMESE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LAWS IN TERMS
OF THE GUARANTEEING OF THE RIGHT TO DEFENSE COUNSEL..................... 184
5.1. Assessment and comparison of the laws of Vietnam, Germany and the United
States regarding the guaranteeing of the accused’s right to defense counsel ............. 185
5.1.1. General review ........................................................................................................ 185
5.1.2. Particular assessments ............................................................................................ 191
5.1.2.1. The time for guaranteeing the right to defense counsel ........................................ 192
5.1.2.2. Counsel’s fees and the guarantee of the right to free defense counsel for the
indigent .............................................................................................................................. 194
5.1.2. 3. Appointed Defense Counsel ................................................................................. 196
5.1.2.4. Right to effective defense counsel ......................................................................... 200
5.2. Recommendations for reforming the Vietnamese Criminal Procedure Laws
regarding the guarantee of the right to defense counsel .............................................. 204
5.2.1. Some guiding recommendations ............................................................................ 204
5.2.1.1. Encouraging adversarial activities and recognizing adversariality as a
fundamental, important principle of criminal procedure .................................................. 204
5.2.1.2. Raising the capacity and consciousness of competent authorities and litigating
officials ............................................................................................................................... 207
5.2.2. Specific recommendations ...................................................................................... 209
List of Literature and Sources of Information ................................................................... 221

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List of Abbreviations

ABA American Bar Association
AfCHPR African Charter on Human and Peoples’
Rights
AmCHR American Convention on Human Rights
Art. Article
Arts. Articles
BGH Bundesgerichtshof (German Federal Court
of Appeals)
BGHSt Entscheidungen des Bundesgerichtshofes
(Decisions of German Federal Court of
Appeals)
BverfG Bundesverfassungsgerich (German Federal
Constitution Court)
BVerfGE Entscheigungen des
Bundesverfassungsgerichts (Decisions of
the German Federal Constitutional Court)
BVerfGG Bundesverfassungsgerichts-Gesetz (Federal
Constitutional Court Act)
CCP Code of Criminal Procedure
EC European Commission
ECHR European Convention on Human Rights
ECtHR European Court of Human Rights
EGGVG Gerichsverfassungsgesetz (The German
Courts Organization Act)
EU European Union
GG Grundgesetz (The Basic Law or German
Federal Constitution)
GVG Gerichsverfassungsgesetz (The German
Courts Organization Act)
HRC The UN Human Rights Committee
ICC International Criminal Court
ICCPR International Convenant on Civil and
Political Rights
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JGG Judendgerichtsgesetz (Juvenile Court Act)
NLADA The United States of America National
Legal Aid & Defender Association
StGB Strafgesetzbuch (The German Criminal
Code)
StPO Strafprozeβordnung (German Code of
Criminal Procedure)
StV Strafverteidiger (Defence attorney in
German)
UDHR Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nation Development Program
US United States of America

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