Guadalajara's Artisans in the Era of Economic Liberalism, 1842-1907

252 Pages·2015·2.88 MB·English

Florida State University Libraries
Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School
2008
Defense of Craft: Guadalajara's Artisans in
the Era of Economic Liberalism, 1842-1907
Claudia Patricia Rivas Jiménez
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FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

DEFENSE OF CRAFT: GUADALAJARA’S ARTISANS IN THE ERA OF

ECONOMIC LIBERALISM, 1842-1907

By

CLAUDIA PATRICIA RIVAS JIMÉNEZ

A Dissertation submitted to the
Department of History
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

Degree Awarded:
Summer Semester, 2008
The members of the Committee approve the Dissertation of Claudia Patricia Rivas
Jiménez defended on June 20, 2008.

Rodney Anderson
Professor Directing Dissertation

Michael Uzendoski
Outside Committee Member

Matt Childs
Committee Member

Robinson Herrera
Committee Member

Maxine Jones
Committee Member

The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee
members.
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A Juan Manuel, Juan Fernando y Claudio Santiago

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The accomplishment of this work is the effort of many people to whom I am in
debt. First of all, Rodney Anderson who helped me during all my graduate education
with his encouragement and support. In a certain way, he is responsible for what it
happened to me (and to my family) in the last six years. Thanks to his life time endeavor,
the Guadalajara Census Project, I had the opportunity to come to Florida State University
and pursued a doctoral degree. In addition, with this great opportunity came the chance
to meet a group of persons who will remain as my friends for the rest of my life. Andrea
Vicente, Sarah Franklin, Tam Spike, Monica Hardin, and Jonathan Weber always were
there for me when I needed them. Secondly, the other committee members, Matt Childs,
Robinson Herrera, and Maxine Jones always made easier my transition throughout
graduate school with their appropriate advices and suggestions. Also, I thank Michael
Uzendoski for participating on my committee as an external member. I am thankful to
Vicky Bernal and Chris Pignatiello who helped me with all the paperwork and gave me
their friendship.
Moreover, I am grateful to the Universidad de Guadalajara, the Florida Mexico
Institute, and the Department of History at FSU for their financial support to complete
my degree. My research in Guadalajara’s archives was a very fructiferous one due to the
kind assistance of all the persons who work there. In the Archivo Municipal de
Guadalajara, José Ceballos Flores, then director of the archive, Luis Gerardo Mercado
Uribe, and José Manuel Ramos López provided me with great suggestions to continue my
inquiry for documents. Susana Pacheco Jiménez, at the Archivo Histórico de Jalisco, and
Juana Irma Flores, at Fondos Especiales in the Biblioteca Pública de Jalisco, were always
useful and very professional on their jobs. Special mention must go to the Family
History Library which its remarkable effort to preserve local archives around the world
allowed me to consult Guadalajara civil and parish records without leaving Tallahassee.
The Interlibrary Loan at Florida State University’s Strozier Library did an amazing job
bringing to me materials, some of them very rare, that in no other way I would have had
the possibility to consult.
My biggest debt is to my beloved husband, Juan Manuel Franco Franco, who
always has believed in me and has provided me with the necessary help to accomplish
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my dissertation. Also, I thank my sons, Juan Fernando and Santiago for the mere fact
that they exist.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables ................................................................................................ x
List of Figures ................................................................................................ xi
List of Abbreviations .......................................................................................... xii

Abstract ...................................................................................................... xiii

INTRODUCTION: ARTISAN AND THEIR HISTORIANS............................. 1

Latin American Scholarship....................................................................... 7
Description of Sources................................................................................ 18

1. CHAPTER ONE: THE ECONOMY OF GUADALAJARA, 1840-1910..... 23

2. CHAPTER TWO: LABOR ASSOCIATIONS............................................... 45

Gremios and Cofradías............................................................................... 45
Protests and Protectionism 1830s to 1840s................................................. 48
Junta de Fomento de Artesanos.................................................................. 49
Sociedad Mexicana Protectora de Artes y Oficios..................................... 50
Mutualism, Militancy and Artisan Organizations, 1840s-1890s................ 50
Workers, Artisans, and the Constitution of 1857........................................ 54
Labor Militancy, 1870-1876....................................................................... 55

3. CHAPTER THREE: ARTISAN ASSOCIATIONS AND MOVEMENTS OF
GUADALAJARA, 1850s-1888 ......................................................... 59

Compañía de Artesanos de Guadalajara..................................................... 63
Club Popular de Artesanos.......................................................................... 68
Guadalajara, 1870s-1888............................................................................ 74
La Sociedad de las Clases Productoras....................................................... 76
Círculo Mercantil de Guadalajara and Cámara de Comercio de
Guadalajara ................................................................................................ 82
Artisans and the Catholic Church............................................................... 83

4. CHAPTER FOUR: ARTISAN FAMILY HOUSEHOLDS........................... 91

Marital Status and Artisans......................................................................... 94
Age at Marriage.......................................................................................... 99
Heads and Members of Households and Families...................................... 101
Occupations by Position in Household....................................................... 106
Household and Family Composition and Process...................................... 108
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Experiencing Household............................................................................. 111
Individual Crafts and Household Composition........................................... 113
Hat Makers (sombrereros).......................................................................... 113
Shoemakers (zapateros).............................................................................. 115
Bakers (Bakers)........................................................................................... 117
Carpenters/wheelwrights (carpenters/carrocerros).................................... 118
Blacksmtihs (herreros)............................................................................... 120
Shawl weavers (reboceros)......................................................................... 122
Artisans and Marriage................................................................................. 132

5.CHAPTER FIVE: URBAN SPACE AND ARTISAN
RESIDENTIAL PATTERNS............................................................... 135

The City ................................................................................................ 135
Population Growth and Density ................................................................. 143
The Cuarteles.............................................................................................. 145
The Barrios ................................................................................................ 151
Location Quotient....................................................................................... 152
Production Location.................................................................................... 157
Urban Space and Residential Patterns........................................................ 161
Craft Residential Patterns in 1888.............................................................. 166
Living Close to Work.................................................................................. 168
Masters Residential Patterns....................................................................... 170

CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................ 176

APPENDIX A. Table 1: Occupations by Ability to Read 1838-1842............ 186

APPENDIX B. Table 4.1: Male Workers by Occupations and Marital Status,
1838-42................................................................................. 187

APPENDIX C. Table 4.2: Male Workers by Marital Status and Social Status,
1838-42.................................................................................. 188

APPENDIX D. Table 4.3: Male Artisans by Marital Status and Social Status,
1838-42.................................................................................. 189

APPENDIX E. Table 4.4: Male Workers by Occupations and Age at Marriage,
1821-1907.............................................................................. 190

APPENDIX F. Table 4.5: Male Artisans by Craft and Marital Status,
1838-42, 1888........................................................................ 191

APPENDIX G. Table 4.6: Male Artisans by Craft and Age at Marriage,
1821-1907.............................................................................. 192
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APPENDIX H. Table 4.7: Male Artisans by Similar Occupation as the Head,
1888........................................................................................ 193

APPENDIX I. Table 4.8: Occupations by Positions in Household, 1838-42 194

APPENDIX J. Table 4.9: Male Artisans by Position in Household, 1838-42 195

APPENDIX K. Table 4.10: Male Artisans by Position in Household, 1888.. 196

APPENDIX L. Table 4.11: Household Structure, 1821-1888........................ 197

APPENDIX M. Table 4.12: Artisan Household Structure, 1821-1888........... 198

APPENDIX N. Table 4.13: Male Artisans by Households Structure, 1838-42 199

APPENDIX O. Table 4.14: Male Artisans by Household Structure,1888...... 200

APPENDIX P. Table 4.15: Workshops by Industry, 1849, 1854, and 1880.. 201

APPENDIX Q. Table 4.16: Males Artisans by Age Distribution, 1888......... 202

APPENDIX R. Table 4.17: Occupations by Means, 1838-42........................ 203

APPENDIX S. Table 4.18: Occupations by Means and Social Status,
1838-42.................................................................................. 204

APPENDIX T. Table 4.19: Crafts by Means and Social Status, 1838-42...... 205

APPENDIX U. Table 4.20: Crafts by Means, 1888........................................ 206

APPENDIX V. Table 4.21: Sons in the Household by Craft and Age cohorts,
1838-42.................................................................................. 207

APPENDIX W. Table 4.22: Sons in the Household by Craft and Age Cohorts,
1888........................................................................................ 208

APPENDIX X. Table 4.23: Male Children Who Had the Same Job
as the Head of the Household, 1838-1842................................. 209

APPENDIX Y. Table 4.24: Ratio of Female Children to Head of the Household,
1888........................................................................................ 210

APPENDIX Z. Table 5.3: Distribution of Male Workers by Cuartel,
1838-1850.............................................................................. 211

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APPENDIX AA. Table 5.4: Distribution of Male Workers by Cuartel, 1888.. 212

APPENDIX AB. Table 5.5: Location of Quotients of the Cuarteles by Crafts,
1838-1850.............................................................................. 213

APPENDIX AC. Table 5.6: Location of Quotients of the Cuarteles by Crafts,
1888........................................................................................ 214

APPENDIX AD. Table 5.7: Number of Artisans Shops by Cuartel, 1880........ 215

APPENDIX AE. Table 5.8: Location of Quotients by Industry and Cuartel,
1880........................................................................................ 216

APPENDIX AF. Table 5.9: Residential Proximity among Artisans,
1838-1842.............................................................................. 217

APPENDIX AG. Table 5.10: Residential Proximity among Artisans, 1888..... 218

APPENDIX AH. Table 5.11: Proximity of the Artisans to a Shop of
the Same Craft, 1888.............................................................. 219

APPENDIX AI. Table 5.12: Shop Owners by Residential Proximity of
the Same Craft, 1888.............................................................. 220

REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 221

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................. 238
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