Grzimek's Student Animal Life Resource. Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, And Other Simple Animals PDF
Preview Grzimek's Student Animal Life Resource. Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, And Other Simple Animals
Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_i-iii_V1.qxd 7/24/2005 10:33 AM Page i grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource (cid:127)(cid:127)(cid:127)(cid:127) Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_i-iii_V1.qxd 7/24/2005 10:33 AM Page iii grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource (cid:127)(cid:127)(cid:127)(cid:127) Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple Animals Catherine Judge Allen, MA, ELS, author Madeline S. Harris, project editor Neil Schlager and Jayne Weisblatt, editors Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_iv-xxvi.qxd 7/24/2005 10:35 AM Page iv Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource: Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple Animals Catherine Judge Allen, MA, ELS Project Editor Rights and Acquisitions Composition Madeline S. 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Permissions Hotline: copyright hereon may be reproduced 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253, or used in any form or by any ext. 8006 means—graphic, electronic, or Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Allen, Catherine Judge. Grzimek’s student animal life resource. Corals, jellyfishes, sponges, and other simple animals / Catherine Judge Allen, author ; Neil Schlager and Jayne Weisblatt, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7876-9412-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Corals—Juvenile literature. 2. Jellyfishes—Juvenile literature. 3. Sponges— Juvenile literature. 4. Invertebrates—Juvenile literature. I. Harris, Madeline S. II. Schlager, Neil, 1966- III. Weisblatt, Jayne. IV. Grzimek, Bernhard. V. Title. QL377.C5A45 2005 593.6—dc22 ISBN 0-7876-9402-9 (21-vol set), ISBN 0-7876-9412-6 This title is also available as an e-book Contact your Thomson Gale sales representative for ordering information. Printed in Canada 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_iv-xxvi.qxd 7/24/2005 10:35 AM Page v Contents CORALS, JELLYFISHES, SPONGES, AND OTHER SIMPLE ANIMALS Readers Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix Pronunciation Guide for Scientific Names . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Words to Know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv Getting to Know Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix Sponges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Placozoans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Salinella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Rhombozoans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Orthonectidans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Anemones and corals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Hydroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Box jellies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Jellyfish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Comb jellies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Acoels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Contents v Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_iv-xxvi.qxd 7/24/2005 10:35 AM Page vi Turbellarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Flukes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 Monogeneans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97 Tapeworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Anoplans and enoplans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Rotifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Gastrotrichs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Kinorhynchs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 Roundworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132 Secernenteans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 Hair worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Thorny-headed worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Entoprocts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 Jaw animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Gnathostomulids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 Priapulans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Girdle wearers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Wheel wearers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 Sea lilies and feather stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 Sea stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 Sea daisies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 Brittle and basket stars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Sea urchins and sand dollars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212 vi Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_iv-xxvi.qxd 7/24/2005 10:35 AM Page vii Sea cucumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .225 Arrow worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 Hemichordates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 Sea squirts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Salps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257 Larvaceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 Sorberaceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Lancelets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271 Species List by Biome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxvii Species List by Geographic Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxix Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .see the Cumulative Index Contents vii Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_iv-xxvi.qxd 7/24/2005 10:35 AM Page ix Reader’s Guide Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource: Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple Animals offers readers comprehensive and easy-to-use information on Earth’s simple animals. Phylum entries provide an overview of a group of classes, and class en- tries provide an overview of a particular class. Entries are arranged by taxonomy, the science through which living things are classified into related groups. Each entry includes sections on physical characteristics; geographic range; habitat; diet; be- havior and reproduction; animals and people; and conservation status. All entries are followed by one or more species accounts with the same information as well as a range map and photo or illustration for each species. Entries conclude with a list of books, periodicals, and Web sites that may be used for further research. ADDITIONAL FEATURES Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource: Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple Animals includes a pronunciation guide for scientific names, a glossary, an overview of Simple Animals, a list of species in the volume by biome, a list of species by geographic range, and an index. The volume has 162 full- color maps, photos, and illustrations to enliven the text, and sidebars provide additional facts and related information. NOTE Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource: Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple Animalshas standardized information in the Conservation Status section. The World Conservation Reader’s Guide ix Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_iv-xxvi.qxd 7/24/2005 10:35 AM Page x Union (IUCN) Red List provides the world’s most comprehen- sive inventory of the global conservation status of plants and animals. Using a set of criteria to evaluate extinction risk, the IUCN recognizes the following categories: Extinct, Extinct in the Wild, Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable, Con- servation Dependent, Near Threatened, Least Concern, and Data Deficient. These terms are defined where they are used in the text, but for a complete explanation of each category, visit the IUCN web page at http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/redlists/ RLcats2001booklet.html. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Gale would like to thank several individuals for their assis- tance with this volume. Catherine Judge Allen wrote the text. At Schlager Group Inc., Neil Schlager and Jayne Weisblatt co- ordinated the writing and editing of the volume. Special thanks are also due for the invaluable comments and suggestions provided by the Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Re- source: Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple Animalsad- visors: (cid:127) Mary Alice Anderson, Media Specialist, Winona Middle School, Winona, Minnesota (cid:127) Thane Johnson, Librarian, Oklahoma City Zoo, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (cid:127) Debra Kachel, Media Specialist, Ephrata Senior High School, Ephrata, Pennsylvania (cid:127) Nina Levine, Media Specialist, Blue Mountain Middle School, Courtlandt Manor, New York (cid:127) Ruth Mormon, Media Specialist, The Meadows School, Las Vegas, Nevada COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS We welcome your comments on Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource: Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple An- imals and suggestions for future editions of this work. Please write: Editors, Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource: Corals, Jellyfishes, Sponges, and Other Simple Animals, U(cid:127)X(cid:127)L, 27500 Drake Rd., Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331-3535; call toll free: 1-800-877-4253; fax: 248-699-8097; or send e-mail via www.gale.com. x Grzimek’s Student Animal Life Resource Grzimek-S-Corals-FM-PC_iv-xxvi.qxd 7/24/2005 10:36 AM Page xi Pronunciation Guide for Scientific Names Acanthaster planci ah-KAN-thuh-ster PLANK-eye Acanthocephala ah-KAN-thoh-sef-fal-ay Acoela ah-KOHL-ay Adenophorea ah-den-oh-FOR-ee-ay Aequorea victoria ee-KWOR-ee-ay vik-TOR-ee-ay Aglantha digitale ah-GLAN-thay dih-jih-TAL-ee Amphipholis squamata am-fee-FOH-lihs SKWAH-mah-tay Angiostrongylus cantonensis an-jee-oh-STRON-jih-lus kan- ton-EN-sis Anthozoa an-tho-ZOH-ay Antipathella fiordensis an-tih-PATH-ell-ay fee-or-DEN-sis Appendicularia ah-pen-dik-u-LAR-ee-ay Ascidiacea Asplanchna priodonta az-PLANK-nay pree-oh-DON-tay Asterias amurensis as-TEH-ree-as ah-myur-EN-sis Asteroidea as-teh-ROY-dee-ay Astropecten irregularis as-troh-PE-ten ir-reg-u-LAR-iss Authopleura xanthogrammica ah-thoh-PLUR-ay zan-thoh- GRAM-ee-kay Barentsia discreta bah-RENT-see-ay dis-KREH-tay Botryllus schlosseri boh-TRIL-us sh-LOSS-er-eye Branchiostoma floridae bran-chee-oh-STOH-may FLOR-ih- day Cephalochordata sef-ah-loh-kor-DAH-tay Cestoda SES-toh-day Cestum veneris SES-tum VEN-eh-rihs Pronunciation Guide for Scientific Names xi
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