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Growth Mechanisms and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Economy Comparison with Japanese Experiences Edited by Xinxin Ma · Cheng Tang Growth Mechanisms and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Economy · Xinxin Ma Cheng Tang Editors Growth Mechanisms and Sustainable Development of the Chinese Economy Comparison with Japanese Experiences Editors Xinxin Ma Cheng Tang Hosei University Faculty of Economics Tokyo, Japan Chuo University Tokyo, Japan ISBN 978-981-19-3857-3 ISBN 978-981-19-3858-0 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3858-0 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and informa- tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface The contents in the book are based on two research projects. The first is the project titled “Comparison Research of Economic Growth and Devel- opment between China and Japan,” undertaken by the Institution of Economics Research, Chuo University. Certain authors who contributed to this book are members of the research project. We have conducted several workshops in Tokyo, Japan since 2019. We acknowledge all participants and speakers at these workshops. The second is a long-term international research project, which we have been working on since 2013, and is based on several research projects of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). The studies in the book were conducted with support from several research grants offered to the editor (Xinxin Ma) as a project leader, such as the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from JSPS (Grant number: 20H01520 from 2020 to 2022, “Economics Analysis on Social Security Policies in China: Empirical Studies Based on Survey Data”); Grant-in- Aid for Scientific Research (C) from JSPS (Grant numbers: 16K03611 from 2016 to 2018, “The Impact of Minimum Wage on the Wage Gaps between Local Urban Residents and Migrants in China,” and 25380297 from 2013 to 2015, “The Research on the Wage Gaps between Public Sector and Private Sector in China”). It was also supported by several research grants offered to the editor (Xinxin Ma) as a project member, such as Grant-in-Aid for International Joint Research Program from JSPS (“Pension Reform in the PRC: Searching for a New Framework Based on v vi PREFACE Japanese Experiences” from 2017 to 2019); and Grant-in-Aid for Scien- tific Research (B) from JSPS (Grant number: 20H01489 from 2020 to 2024, “Comparison Study on Corporate Governance Systems Between China and Eastern Europe”). We have held international workshops and conferences in Japan (Kyoto, Tokyo) and China (Beijing, Zhejiang) each year since 2015, and we would like to express our gratitude to all participants for their useful suggestions and comments on these studies. We particularly acknowledge all contributors to this book for their hard work, efforts, and cooperation. The contributors in this book are excellent scholars in their respective research fields in Japan or China. We are proud of their participation in the research projects. They are our supervisors, colleagues, co-researchers, and friends. Their assistance, lessons, encour- agement, and warm friendship helped and promoted the publishing of this book. Finally, we wish to thank Jacob Merge, Anusha Srinivasan, Jayalak- shmi Raju, and the staff at Palgrave Macmillan for their interest in our research, and for their encouragement and extensive editing in publishing our research. Tokyo, Japan Xinxin Ma August 4, 2022 Cheng Tang Contents 1 Introduction 1 Xinxin Ma and Cheng Tang Part I Mechanisms of Economic Growth and Development 2 Chinese and Japanese Development Process Compared: Economic and Politico-Economic Perspectives 23 Katsuji Nakagane 3 Trade, FDI, and Economic Growth 67 Hideo Ohashi 4 Digital China: Policy Initiatives, Progress, and Challenges 97 Asei Ito 5 Agricultural Development in China: Comparison with Japanese Experience 125 Hisatoshi Hoken 6 Financial Development Post-World War II in Japan: Insights for China 153 Jiro Obata, Hui Feng, and Cheng Tang vii viii CONTENTS 7 Human Capital Agglomeration Effect and Regional Disparity in China 185 Zhiwei Cen, Yoshimasa Aoki, and Junko Doi 8 Environmental Policies and Water Resource Management 227 Nanae Yamada 9 Dual Economic Structure, Surplus Labour and Rural-Urban Migration 249 Xinxin Ma and Ryoshin Minami Part II Mechanisms of Behaviors of Corporates, Households and Individuals 10 Household Consumption and Manufactural Industrial Upgrading 281 Dongyang Zhang, Xinxin Ma, Jun Zhang, and Quheng Deng 11 Enterprise Ownership Reform and Wage Gaps Between Public and Private Sectors 305 Xinxin Ma and Shi Li 12 Communist Party of China Membership and Wage Gaps Between Party Members and Non-members 339 Xinxin Ma 13 Trends of Labor Union Effect on Wage 369 Tsukasa Matsuura and Tianyao Jiang 14 Employment Equality Policy and Gender Gap in Labor Market 399 Masahiro Abe, Xinxin Ma, and Yalan Li 15 Public Pension Policy Reform and Labor Force Participation 429 Xinxin Ma and Atsushi Seike 16 Bequest Motives and Saving Rate of Elderly Households 455 Cheng Tang and Cheng Zhang CONTENTS ix 17 Income Inequality and Subjective Well-Being 485 Xinxin Ma and Sho Komatsu Index 517 Notes on Contributors Dr. Abe Masahiro is a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Chuo University. His research expertise is in economic growth and employment in Japan. His work has been published in Industrial Relations, Japanese Journal of Labor Research, Economic Research, Economic Analysis, and Japan Labor Review. He is the author of Environmental Changes in the Japanese Economy and Labor Market (Toyokeizaixinben Press, 2005). Dr. Aoki Yoshimasais a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Ritsumeikan University. His research areas are Economic growth, ethnic conflict, and political economy. His articles have appeared in the Quar- terly Review of Economics and Finance. Dr. Cen Zhiwei is a professor at the Faculty of Economics, Kyoto Sangyo University. His current research project focuses on economic growth and the world economic cycle. His major is macroeconomics and applied econometrics. His recent papers are “A new perspective on economic history in interpreting the Belt and Road: the world economic cycle theory” (Japanese) in “One Belt and One Road” China’s Co-prosperity Initiative to Understand from a Multidimensional Perspective, Zhiwei Cen and Togo Kazuhiko (editors) (Koyo Shobo, 2021) and, “Effects of the Size of a Country on Its Economic Performance” in Tadokoro et al. (Eds.) Emerging Risks in a World of Heterogeneity (Springer Nature, 2018). xi

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