GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND POST HARVEST BEHAVIOUR IN FRUITS OF ACID LIME (Citrus ...

138 Pages·2016·2.16 MB·English

GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND POST HARVEST BEHAVIOUR
IN FRUITS OF ACID LIME (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) AS
INFLUENCED BY PRE-HARVEST SPRAYS OF CERTAIN
MINERALS AND GROWTH REGULATORS

By
ANOOP MATHEW ABRAHAM, B.Sc., (Ag.)

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE
(HORTICULTURE)

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
SRI VENKATESWARA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
TIRUPATI - 517 502 (A.P)

SEPTEMBER, 2004
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. ANOOP MATHEW ABRAHAM, has
satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research and that the thesis entitled
“GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND POST HARVEST BEHAVIOUR
IN FRUITS OF ACID LIME (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) AS
INFLUENCED BY PRE-HARVEST SPRAYS OF CERTAIN
MINERALS AND GROWTH REGULATORS" submitted is the result of
original research work and is of sufficiently high standard to warrant its
presentation to the examination. I also certify that the thesis or part there of
has not been previously submitted by him for a degree of any University.

Date : (Dr. K. HARI BABU)
Major Advisor
Place :
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT
AND POST HARVEST BEHAVIOUR IN FRUITS OF ACID LIME (Citrus
aurantifolia Swingle) AS INFLUENCED BY PRE-HARVEST SPRAYS OF
CERTAIN MINERALS AND GROWTH REGULATORS" submitted in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
AGRICULTURE of the Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University,
Hyderabad, is a record of the bonafide research work carried out by
Mr.ANOOP MATHEW ABRAHAM under our guidance and supervision. The
subject of the thesis has been approved by the Student's Advisory Committee.

No part of the thesis has been submitted by the student for any other
degree or diploma. The published part has been fully acknowledged. All
assistance and help received during the course of the investigations have been
duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis.

(Dr. K. HARI BABU)
Chairman of the Advisory Committee

Thesis is approved by the Student Advisory Committee

Chairman (Dr. K. HARI BABU) _______________
Prinicipal Scientist (Hort.)
AICRP on Tropical Fruits (Citrus)
S.V.Agricultural College Campus
Tirupati - 517 502

Member (Dr. R. SRI HARI BABU) _______________
Professor & Head
Department of Horticulture
S.V.Agricultural College
Tirupati - 517 502

Member (Dr. N. RAMAVATHARAM ) ______________
Professor & Head
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
S.V.Agricultural College
Tirupati - 517 502
CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page No.

I INTRODUCTION

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

III MATERIALS AND METHODS

IV RESULTS

V DISCUSSION

VI SUMMARY

LITERATURE CITED
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. Page
No. Title No.

1 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth

regulators on fruit length (cm) of acid lime

2 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth

regulators of fruit diameter (cm) of acid lime

3 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth

regulators on fruit weight (g) of acid lime

4 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth

regulators on rind thickness (mm) of acid lime

5 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth

regulators on rag (%) of acid lime

6 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth

regulators on juice content % of acid lime

7 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
regulators on physiological loss of weight (%) of acid lime

8 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth

regulators on total titratable acidity (%)of acid lime

9 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth

regulators on total soluble solids of acid lime

10 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
regulators on brix acid ratio of acid lime

11 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
regulators on ascorbic acid content (mg / 100 g) of acid lime

12 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
regulators on fruit softness (sensory score) of acid lime

13 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
regulators on peel colour (visual score) of fruits of acid lime

14 Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
regulators on shelf life of acid lime
LIST OF TABLES

S Page
No. Title No.
Standard Week Wise Meteorological Data During The Crop
3.1
Growth Period (January 2004 - July 2004)
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
1
regulators on fruit length (cm) of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
2
regulators of fruit diameter (cm) of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
3
regulators on fruit weight (g) of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
4
regulators on rind thickness (mm) of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
5
regulators on rag (%) of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
6
regulators on juice content % of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
7
regulators on seed number of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
8
regulators on seed weight of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
9
regulators on physiological loss of weight (%) of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
10
regulators on total titratable acidity (%)of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
11
regulators on total soluble solids of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
12
regulators on brix acid ratio of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
13
regulators on ascorbic acid content (mg / 100 g) of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
14
regulators on fruit softness (sensory score) of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
15
regulators on peel colour (visual score) of fruits of acid lime
Influence of pre-harvest sprays of minerals and growth
16
regulators on shelf life of acid lime
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

% - Percentage
@ - At the rate of
°C - degree celsius
B - Boron
CaCl - Calcium chloride
2
CD - Critical difference
cm - centimetre
DAFS - Days after fruit set
DAH - Days after harvest
et al., - and others
Fig. - Figure
g - gram
GA - Gibberellic acid
3
i.e., - That is
l - litre
mg - Milli gram
ml - millilitre
mm - millimeter
mt - Million tonnes
MH - Maleic hydrazide
N - Normal
NAA - Naphthalene acetic acid
no. - Number
NS - Non-significant
ppm - parts per million
RBD - Randomized block design
S - Significant
SD - Standard deviation
SEM - Standard error of mean
viz. - Namely
L-1 - per litre
ai - active ingredient
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It is by unfathomable grace and blessings of Almighty that I have been
able to bring into light this humble piece of work for which I am extremely
indebted.

I have immense pleasure in expressing my earnest gratitude to my
major advisor Dr. K.Hari Babu, Principal Scientist, AICRP on Tropical
Fruits (Citrus), Tirupati for his perspicacity, learned counsel, and meticulous
guidance at every stage in the presentation and editing of the thesis.

I am greatly indebted to Dr. R. Sri Hari Babu, Professor & Head,
Department of Horticulture, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, member of
my advisory committee as the indefatigability of his astute brain has helped a
long way in consummation of this laconic tome.

I deem it my privilege to extol my profound etiquette and sincere
feelings of gratitude to Dr. K. Ramavataram, Professor & Head, Department
of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, S.V.Agricultural College,
Tirupati, member of my advisory committee.

It is with great pleasure that I take this opportunity to express my
sincere gratitude to Dr. E. Nagabhushanam Reddy, Professor, Sri T.
Dayanand, Associate Professor, Sri L. Naram Naidu, Sri K.M. Yuvaraj and
Smt. Madhavi, Assistant Professors, Department of Horticulture,
S.V.Agricultural College, Tirupati and also to the staff of AICRP on Tropical
Fruits (Citrus), Tirupati, for the help rendered during my study.
Diction is not enough to extend my unboundful gratitude to my beloved
parents Mr. M.M. Abraham, and Ms. Susan Abraham brother Ashok
Abraham, for their affection and encouragement throughout my study and for
their sacrifices made for my upbringing.

I wish to express my thanks to my dearest friends Manjunath, Sudha,
and Yuvaraj.

I am very grateful to my seniors Usha Rani, Srilatha and
Umamaheswari.

I avail this opportunity to express my deep feelings to my beloved
colleagues Sashidar and Hanuman Naik and junior friends Kiranmayi,
Sailaja, Sandhya, Sampath and Biju.

I wish to express my thanks to my friends Kiran Kumar, Chaitanya
Varma, Mahendra Dia, Gnanesh, Sampath and Dasaradh and others for
their co-operation extended during my stay here.

I am thankful to the authorities of ICAR for the allotment of PG seat
at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati. I also thankful to Acharya N.G. Ranga
Agricultural University, Hyderabad for the facilities provided during my
study.

My heartful thanks to K. Visweswara rao, Department of Arts and
Photography and Mr. Hemanth, Hemanth Computer Centre for their
excellent work, patiently carried out in getting thesis its present shape.


(Anoop Mathew Abraham … )
DECLARATION

I, Mr. ANOOP MATHEW ABRAHAM, here by declare that
the thesis entitled “GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND POST HARVEST
BEHAVIOUR IN FRUITS OF ACID LIME (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)
AS INFLUENCED BY PRE-HARVEST SPRAYS OF CERTAIN
MINERALS AND GROWTH REGULATORS" submitted to Acharya
N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad for the degree of Master
of Science in Agriculture is the result of original research work done by
me. I also declare that the material contained in this thesis has not been
published earlier.

Date : (ANOOP MATHEW ABRAHAM)