Growing Up Sexually Volume I World Reference Atlas Supported by the Dr. Mr. Edward Brongersma Foundation Amsterdam, The Netherlands D. F. Janssen, MD 2002-2003 Growing Up Sexually Volume I World Reference Atlas 2003 PDF version based on Janssen, D. F. (2002/3). Growing Up Sexually. Volume I: World Reference Atlas. Interim report. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Minor adjustments having been made, the present monograph is digitally available in HTML at http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/INDEXATLAS.HTM et seq. as of January 30th, 2003 for which I want to express my gratitude to Prof. Dr. Erwin J. Haeberle, Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology, Berlin as well as Mr. Thomas Haase Financially supported by the Dr. Mr. Edward Brongersma Foundation, Amsterdam with supervisory input by Prof. Dr. Humphrey Lamur, Dr. Mr. Cees Straver, and Drs. Peter van Eeten Any part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the author, if and only if a full reference is made to the original work as phrased above including its proper URL. D. F. Janssen (2002-3) National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication: Janssen, Diederik Floris, 1976- . Growing up sexually. Volume 1. World reference atlas. ISBN 1 877051 22 5. 1. Sexology - Research. 2. Sex customs - Research. I. Title.(cid:13) 306.7072 Remarks to GUS PDF version 0.1 (2003) ~ A previous version of GUS Atlas (retrospectively nicked version 0.0) has been integrally web-published in HTML as of January 30th 2003 at http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/INDEXATLAS.HTM et seq. ~ This GUS v0.0 can be had offline by applying a download manager device on the root http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS. Such will require approximately 25 Mbs of disk space. ~ The process involved in printing GUS Atlas was to rejoin PDFs (pseudoprints) of individual chapters filed as HTMLs (in .DOC layout), except for those two files for which this was not possible (nonnative North America, North American Natives); this produces footnote layout instead of an endnote layout. Software used included Microsoft Word XP in conjunction with Adobe PDFmaker 5.0/6.0 for Word. ~ Due to this process Atlas’ Ethno/Geographic Index is not functional as such. ~ The reader will take note of the fact that the New Guinea chapter is more or less in its correct shape (other than in the web-edition). ~ No attempt was made to erase obsolete or non-functional features such as (unused) indications of last revision, linkages, etc. ~ No comprehensive spelling-/idiom checks were effectuated since (or before) the initial web-publication. This has not been scheduled either. The author regrets any reading inconveniences. ~ Currently, GUS experiences its continuity at http://www.topica.com/lists/growingupsexually. ~ The reader is invited to comment on the project (cf. http://www2.hu- berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/GUSINVITATION.HTM) or to elaborate otherwise (cf. http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/CHRES.HTM). ~ Contact the author at [email protected] or [email protected]. 3 Growing Up Sexually A cknowledgements My gratefulness goes out, of course, to the advisory board of the Dr. Edward Brongersma Foundation (Prof. Dr. Humphrey E. Lamur, Dr. Cees J. Straver, Drs. Peter van Eeten), for providing an opportunity of study and a forum for important matters. Further, I like to thank all librarians who have supported my searches, particularly University librarians in Nijmegen and Amsterdam. I would specifically like to thank the authors that have provided me with their papers, particularly Dr. Wulf Schiefenhövel, Dr. Loren Frankel, Dr. Cees J. Straver, Dr. Chris Jenks, Dr. Peter Redman, Dr. Dennis Parisot, Dr. Terry Leahy, Dr. John Hollister, Dr. Chris Lockhart, Dr. Félix López, Dr. Gilles Brougere, Prof. Dr. David F. Bjorklund, Prof. Dr. David Buckingham, Dr. James R. Kincaid, Dr. Eric Rofes, Dr. Steven Angelides, Dr. Paula Reavey, Dr. Sharra Vostral, Dr. Pamela D. Schultz, Prof. Dr. Gisela Helmius, and Dr. James Daniel Lee. I further wish to thank the following authors for their correspondence: Dr. Gwen Broude, the staff of HRAF, Dr. Valerie Walkerdine, Dr. Bill Divale, Dr. Jakob Pastoetter, Prof. Dr. Erwin J. Haeberle, Prof. Dr. Robert T. Francoeur, Prof. Dr. Tariq Rahman, Dr. Barry Hewlett, Dr. Helle Rydström, Dr. Ralph Underwager, Dr. Canéla Analucinda Jaramillo and Dr. Alfredo Oliva. A further special thanks goes out to Jaromir van Gorsel. 4 Growing Up Sexually Volume I: World Reference Atlas PDF Version, v0.1 2003 Contents Prelimina ♦ Acknowledgements ♦ Guidelines. Project Description, Methodology, Presentation Format, etc. ♦ Postscript. June 2003 Post Hoc Notes on Project GUS World Atlas ♦ Sub‐Saharan Africa Note: Supra‐Saharan Africa included in “Middle East” section infra ♦ Russia (formerly Soviet Union) 5 Contents of Volume I Growing Up Sexually Middle East and Asia ♦ Middle East, Near Asia, Supra‐Saharan Africa, Islamic World ♦ Asia. See also specific sections for: ♦ India, Pakistan, Bangladesh ♦ Indonesia Indigenous Oceania. Specific sections for: ♦ Insular Pacific, Non‐Australian Oceania ♦ New Guinea ♦ Aboriginal Australia Note: Nonaboriginal Australia included in “Additional Western Nations” section infra Americas ♦ North America ♦ North American Natives ♦ Nonnative North America ♦ Caribbean, Central/Middle America ♦ South America Europe ♦ Europe, History. General Historical References ♦ Europe. Contemporary and Nationally Specific Historical References ♦ Additional Western Nations (including Canada; Nonaboriginal Australia) Indices. Not interactive in present edition ♦ Geographic Index ♦ Ethnographic Index 6 Contents of Volume I Growing Up Sexually Additional Numeric and Statistic Materials on Prepubertal Sexuality/ Eroticism Tables ♦ SCCS and Other Ratings1 ♦ Time/Space Specifications2 ‐‐ Whiting and Child Ratings. Not included in the present edition. 1 Adapted with kind permission of the Editor of Ethnology. 2 Adapted with kind permission of the Editor of World Cultures. 7 Brief Guidelines to Volume I World Reference Atlas 8 Guidelines Growing Up Sexually Contents Growing Up Sexually: The Project Purpose Why Growing Up Sexually? Another Sexological Atlas: Is Sexology Always Ethnocentric? Is it Always Exoculturalist? How “Growing Up Sexually”? A Preliminary Critique Methodological Brief Atlas Volume How to Use the Atlas in Conjunction to the Thematic Volume Presentation of Data: Structure, Cross-Referencing, eHRAF Coverage Formative Aspects Indexing, SCCS Ratings, and Appendices Availability, Citation and Continuity Growing Up Sexually: The Project Project “Growing Up Sexually” (January-September 2002) originally was borne out of a literature review financially supported by the Dutch Dr. Mr. Edward Brongersma Foundation, Amsterdam. It comprises of a two-volume, bimodal overview of cross-cultural material relevant for the study of preadult sexual behaviour curricula and trajectories. The first volume (hereafter referred to as “Atlas”, Vol. I) consists of an annotated bibliography using a rough geo-/ ethnographical organisation. The outcome is a heterogenous collection of accounts of sexual behaviour trajectories that may be or have been typical for given communities within a given ethnohistorical space or time span. The second volume (hereafter referred to as “Thematic Volume”, Vol. II) tentatively elaborates on this collection, by (1) organising and challenging traditions, theoretical paradigms, and meta-scientific positionings pertaining to “sexual development” issues provided by anthropologists; which, together with (2) the influx of (non-) cross-culturalist sociological data and perspectives, is to accommodate (3) a cross-cultural presentation of Atlas data within a polythematic format. Taken together, the Volumes provide a reference guide to ethnografia, historia, and sociologia not previously available. As such, it elaborates on and adds to specific sections of 9 Guidelines Growing Up Sexually such pioneering initiatives by Ploß1 and Ford (1945, etc.; Ford and Beach, 1951)2, the body of relevant data resulting from the numeric cross-cultural method (as reviewed in Vol. II, Appendix I), such recent projects as the International Encyclopedia of Sexuality3, and the range of authors that have provided limited and arbitrary colloquia of ethnographic accounts. The Atlas provides for a working database of materials which may be used in future ethnological, and ethnographic, efforts; it does not, at present, test hypotheses, contest or cross-analyse data, or introduce original field work (cf. infra). The collection is a working database in that it explicitly invites elaboration, and organises questions rather than answers. Specifically, the scope here is wider than previous anthropological entries. The study of “cultural developmental sexology” embraces all instances of the potential “sexual” environment of the child, the factors that allegedly “benefit” or “corrupt” the child, as well as his/her own “healthy” and “pathological” pursuits in sexualibus. More of contemporary sexology, however legitimate in its existence, leaves a negativist afterimage that issues “abusive” interconnections of these allegedly separate worlds. However implicitly providing essential insights to sexual cultures, most of this literature, which is quite a distinct tradition, does not offer an integral interpretation of the “culture” it is embedded in (ethnocentrism). It is therefore underrepresented in the current phase of the project. Again, one must not imagine studying children’s sexual (sub)cultures, if any, by avoiding the boundaries of its working space; that boundaries are the central indicators of its identity and autonomy. The project (January-October, 2002) was financially supported by the Dr. Mr. Edward Brongersma Foundation, Amsterdam. The Foundation supports the study of developmental sexualities from non judgmental, multi-disciplinary perspectives. A concurrent review project supported by the Foundation has been manufactured by the Dutch Institute for Socio-Sexological Research (formerly, NISSO)4. The current publication is best regarded as an interim database of resources supporting ongoing interpretation efforts. It follows a preliminary webpublication at the website of the Magnus Hirschfeld Archive for Sexology, Berlin, following http://www2.rz.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/GUS_AFS.HTM as of January 30, 2003. An update solution was instituted as of June 2, 2003, at http://www.topica.com/lists/growingupsexually. The present version incorporates some of the references gathered there. 1 Ploß, H. H. ([1912]) Das Kind in Brauch und Sitte der Völker. 3rd rev. ed. by Ph. B. Renz. Leipzig: Th. Grieben. Esp. Vol. 2., p519-59 2 Ford, C. S. (1945) A Comparative Study of Human Reproduction. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1964 HRAF reprint, esp. p20-2; Ford, C. S. & Beach, F. A. (1951) Patterns of Sexual Behavior. New York: Paul J. Hoeber, Inc., esp. p167-98 3 Francoeur, R. T. (Ed., 1997-2001) The International Encyclopedia of Sexuality. 4 Vols. New York: Continuum 4 Graaf, H. de & Rademakers, J. (2003) Seks in de Groei. Een verkennend onderzoek naar de (pre)seksuele ontwikkeling van kinderen en jeugdigen. Delft: Eburon 10