GROW . BUILD . EAT . CREATE . NURTURE . CONNECT FOOD FOREST . SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS . LOCAVORE . WILD WEAVING . DEEP ECOLOGY SWAPSIES . FOOD SECURITY . HERBAL FIRST AID . GREENHOUSES . NATURAL DYES i Permaculture Ethics & Design Principles Earth Care People Care Fair Share 1. Observe & interact 5. Use & value renewable resources & services 9. Use small & slow solutions 2. Catch & store energy 6. Produce no waste 10. Use & value diversity 3. Obtain a yield 7. Design from patterns to details 11. Use edges & value the marginal 4. Apply self-regulation & accept feedback 8. Integrate rather than segregate 12. Creatively use & respond to change 18 Contents Regular 5 Noticeboard 8 Pip picks 6 Permaculture groups 70 Directory 70 Classifieds 71 Course providers 72 Book reviews Features 46 63 10 P ermaculture for food security and sovereignty 14 Sustainability in nimbin 18 The permaculture story: from ‘rugged individuals’ to a million member movement 22 Permaculture in aid 24 International permaculture conference and convergence 11 (IPC11), 2013 Cuba Grow 26 Starting a food forest 31 Profile: Adam Grubb 32 Grow your own shiitake 14 Build 34 Greenhouse living 39 Profile: Pamela Forward 40 Id eas for designing and building a greenhouse Eat 42 Autumn farm 45 Profile: Robert Pekin 46 Locavore for a month 49 Recipes for self-reliance Create 50 Wandering with wayside weeds 50 54 Make your own recycled bunting 55 Profile: Richard Telford 56 Random weaving with greenwaste Nurture 58 Herbal first aid 61 Profile: Robyn Clayfield 63 Deep ecology Connect 64 Growing abundance in castlemaine 67 Profile: Hannah Moloney 69 Swapsies ‘Thank you to everyone that helped Pip grow.’ Alex Woodger, Zoe Ellis, Larissa Lovell, Orien Harvey, Fiona Taylor, Diana Watson, Adrian Rosenfeldt, Andrew Burbeck, Jenny Feltham, Carolyn Wells, Ruth Harvey, Very Edible Gardens, Wendy Rosenfeldt, Tony Marx, Megan Bailey, Lesley Motley, Alexis Harley, Celia Hill, Penelope Goodes, Fiona, Bec PM, Jay McMahon, Jo Staker, George Morton, Julie Goodchild, Alison Murphy-Oates, Rachel Lindsay, Gavin Palmer, David Matters, Justine McCarthy, Gabrielle Oldaker, Gavin Anderson, Caroline Wales, Nadja Osterstock, Vickie Goldsmith, Mark S Burgunder, Barry O’Connell, Helen Buckingham, Elizabeth Andalis, John Walker, Zara Pearson, Heather Kimber, Carol Rea, Sonia, Miriam Pepper, David Arnold, Linley Cormack, Sara Bear, Andrew Barr, Joanne Melville, Angela Booth, Dominique Northam, Beth Sandstrom, Jules Donne, Ben Brazer, Jaap Bel, Fiona, Murray, Athina Geordin, Samantha Cox, Lisa Brown, Narelle Clark, Jill Clarke, Goshen Watts, Denise Baldwin, Michael Cawthorn, Liene Burbeck, Kylie Gray, Emma Simmons, Nethercote Seasonal Produce Markets, Lyndal Guthrie, Rebecca Hilder, Margaret Hilder, Elizabeth, Candace O’Neill, Karin Gillman, Kathy Isaacs, Sweet Home Cobargo, Jason Cupitt, Karen Grant, Tracy Willans, Sean Leiper, Jayne Craig, Bill and Adele Henty, Gail Robinson, Catriona Atkins, Paul Andrew, Alex, Charly Brown, Jessica O’Shea, Georgina Warden, Susan Marsh, David Ryding, Will Anderson, Patrick Reubinson, Hayley Hill, Rhonda Ayliffe, Pamela Forward, Jean Werk, Bronwen Stinson, Jessica Markwell, Tracy Lansdell, Kim Bear, Kate Burbeck, Karen Dean, marinagpiza, Brett Hough, Hannah Bird, Alexandra Frain, Hannah Moloney, Nase Supplitt, Margaret Steadman, Yawen, Jang, Suzanne Bairstow, Jennie Gunther, Althea Oliver, Louise Keyter, Diana Barnett, Kim Brackman, Shanil Samarakoon, Alexander Mills, Kit Lucas, Lachlan McKenzie, Julian Knysh, Kerry Groves, Sunny Wilder, Charlotte McCabe, K Turner, Lisa Cahill, Helen Edwards, Sheri Thomson, Zoya, Christopher Dunn, Amber Bahn/Mark Spilsbury, Wendy Kenyon, Michelle Hannan, Stephen Kerwin, Laura Vermeulen, Paul Goodsell, Bradley Williams, Leoni Freeman, Gavin Bell, Karen Goodwin, Flexicar Melbourne Carsharing, r1cho86, Katherine Brooking, Rasili O’Connor, Narelle Happ, Aaron Mears, Jessica Twinn, Justin Nigh, Cornelia Eichler, Leesa Cornford, Claude Marmoux, Liza Merriment, Natasha Kuperman, Kat Holly Gennero, Maggie Taylor, Vee Leddiman, Lachlan Duncan, Kate Stewart, Jeane Gearing, Leeanna Wilde, Wendy Marchment, Poh York Lee, Narelle Hooper, Tjenka Murray, Megan Cooke, Justine McClymont, Talia Barrett, Nic Shore, Betty Joy Richards, Mark Brown, Shree Wentworth, Gavin Webber, Gabrielle Mcgrath, Darryl Restall, Sarah, Jasmine, Kelly Thorburn, Jean Michel, Michelle Richmond, Wendy Albert, Carolyn Lewis, Kerry Margaret Dwyer, Carla Cristaudo, Mauro, Marrs Coiro, Meryl McKerrow, Pam, Rebecca Sharp, Lucinda Young, Maude Farrugia, Russell Golding, Kerrie Anderson, Wessel van Keulen, Megan Jane Luhrs, Alexes Marshman, Lucy Menzies, Barb Wood, Christine Kaine, Bettina Richter, Freshfield Grove, Sheila Marshall, Colin Harrison, Jarod Santana, Sharon Cornthwaite, Artist as Family, Emily Abbott, Leonie Campbell, Heather Hanley, Sarah Anderson, Russell Golding, Caitlin Hespe, Jenni Starick, Trish Wade, Kristina Bruveris, Jayne Marti, James Lindsay, Kristy Newton, Caroline Thomson, Aleasa Williams, Gina Hannan, Helen and Clinton Morris, Angus McKay, Dionne Taylor, Andrew Burns, Michael McGlinchey, Josie Felton, Chaquita McGlinchey, Gina Hannan, Jacquie Besgrove, Robyn Williamson, Amy Koch, Beck Lowe, Julie McLaren, Lachie Templeton, Tabatha Brackstone, Terry Avery, Ines Zepcan, Anita Francis, Greg Foyster, Murundaka Community, Tabitha Bilaniwskyj-Zarins, Diane Curtis, Cat Dorey, Susan Hill, April S-Kelly, Rob Bob, Skye Etherington, Jo Bryant-Snaith, Drew WeeWong, Geoff Mabin, Andrew Stanger, Laura Trantino, Kirsten Small, Anne and Franklin Rosenfeldt, Jarrod Martin, Katie Wyman, Lily Nguyen, Linda Simpson, Kate Connell, Tammy Lyne, Yvonne Curtis, Nathalie Brouard, Sallyanne Craig, Moira Tobin, Leanne Cleare, Margaret Hartman, Fiona Lange, Jill Webb, Julie Caldwell, Linda Grace Barrett, Jan Delmas, Ann Magnusson, Ian Todd, Ange Devery, Emma Jay, Esther Lambert, Liz Rowe, Michael Kornbrekke, Becs Shann, Kathy Betland, Maria Velardo, Colleen Fogarty, Sue Cawthorn, Majella, Brett Cooper, Julie Davies, Mundi Tomlinson. Share with us... Join... Connect... Create... Connect Permaculture Australia ...enabling new initiatives in design for the good life. By joining us you help educate and advocate permaculture solutions. ONLINE Join us and receive your complimentary subscription Q permaculture.org.au to Pip, Australia’s Permaculture Magazine. D facebook.com/PermacultureAustralia Permaculture Australia… E twitter.com/PermacultureAu manages Accredited Permaculture Training™, Permafund and promotes permaculture nationally. Donations to Permafund over $2 are tax-deductable. R pinterest.com/permacultureau Work with us to create Learn with us through Collaborate with creatives awesome projects through Accredited through our website Permafund Permaculture Training™ and social network 2 Editorial Subscriptions I am so happy that you are holding this magazine in your hands and reading it. It has PAIsRusIsuNteTrEa 1Dlia O $N9 1.0905% IS RSENCY 2C2L0E3D- P4A6P6E8R been a long time in the making, growing from pip to peach, and here it is present in the world, sitting in your hands. GROW . BUILD . EAT . CREATE . NURTURE . CONNECT The idea of doing this magazine first came up while I was doing my Permaculture Design Course a few years ago, when I was seven months pregnant with my third child. After much discussion and encouragement, I knew by the end of the PDC that this was going to be my contribution. Since then, I gave birth to my daughter at home in the converted shed we were living in; my partner and I have renovated our house, making it more sustainable; we’ve slowly started implementing the design I FOOD FOREST . SHIITAKE MUSHROOMS . LOCAVORE . WILD WEAVING . DEEP ECOLOGY created in the PDC; and we’ve enjoyed growing our little family. In the SWAPSIES . FOOD SECURITY . HERBAL FIRST AID . GREENHOUSES . NATURAL DYES spare moments that exist around all that, this magazine has slowly grown. Throughout its creation, I have met many awesome people and learnt Subscribe to Pip magazine and receive so much from them. In the process of researching for our ‘story of your copy delivered directly to your door. permaculture’ article I spent a day with David Holmgren. I talked to him about the big picture of permaculture: its history, the full breadth of its Go to our website: meaning, what its role is in today’s society. I was really inspired by what www.pipmagazine.com.au he said. or mail your details: According to David, living more simply – consuming less and becoming more self-reliant within your own household and community – is PO Box 172 Pambula NSW 2549 actually one of the most powerful things you can do to create a more sustainable future. In doing so we may inspire others to live similarly, and at the same time have less impact on the planet. Permaculture has always been focused on how we change the world taking positive steps, rather than focusing on stopping the world we don’t want. Pip. Australian Permaculture Magazine. This is where Pip magazine comes in – its aim is to inspire people to Published twice yearly live more simply, yet more richly, by practising permaculture in all its many forms. The magazine is designed to educate, inform, inspire $19 a year [2 issues - incl. GST] and encourage all of us to take those steps necessary to move away + plus postage from the consumption economy, and help protect the planet from the unsustainable growth that is currently being encouraged. I have included in this first edition stories and people I have come across during my journey of bringing it together; some nearby in my local community, and others from right across Australia. I am keen to Pip is the place for people and groups get stories from every little pocket of Australia and from overseas. I want to hear what is happening in your corner of the world and what to connect and share ideas, knowledge great things people are doing. and experience and stay in touch with This magazine is for you and me and the whole permaculture what is happening around Australia. community, so let me know what it is that you want to read about. Tell me who is shining in your community, the projects that are happening and creating positive change, or about great ideas you want to share with others. This is our magazine. I hope you enjoy it. GROW . BUILD . EAT Robyn . CREATE . NURTURE . Each article has a symbol on the side of the page. These symbols represent the permaculture principle most relevant to that article. CONNECT There is a guide to symbols and meanings on the inside front cover. For more information go to www.permacultureprinciples.com 3 Contributors u a m. o Ian Lillington. s.c e n o Writer erj st Ian lives in Castlemaine, mi - Central Vic, developing s e a food forest on n o degraded land, and J teaching permaculture att M dthees iGgnro. w Hineg’s A inbvuonlvdeadn ce Art: permaculture/transition town project. Ian er v wrote the permaculture chapter in the o C Encyclopedia of sustainability, and is one of the editors of David Holmgren’s Publisher / Editor / Art Director: Robyn Rosenfeldt books. In 2007, Ian published The holistic [email protected] 0408 375 991 life – sustainability through permaculture. Designer: Isobel Elsey Ian has worked at CERES and for the Subeditor: Bernadette O’Leary National Centre for Sustainability, and with Greener Houses, a project that has Social Media / Marketing Manager: Paul Goodsell carried out eco-retrofits of suburban [email protected] neighbourhood houses Melbourne. Editorial Advisors: David Holmgren, John Champagne, Robyn [email protected] Francis, Ian Lillington Erika Hildegard. Advertising: [email protected] For directory listings and classifieds: Photographer [email protected] She is a photographer Subscriptions: www.pipmagazine.com.au of people and stories. Submissions: We would love to hear from you if you have ideas for While earning her articles. Don’t send in unsolicited articles. BA in photography at Columbia College Pip Magazine is printed by Finsbury Green Chicago, she focused on Ecostar 100% post-consumer recycled paper. on photojournalism and capturing life on the streets of Chicago. After university she did freelance photography for a few Chicago newspapers and also started her own wedding photography business. In the last year she’s relocated to the lovely city of Melbourne, where she continues Pip magazine is a published independently by Robyn Rosenfeldt. her wedding photography business and PO Box 172 Pambula, NSW 2549. recently completed her permaculture ABN: 14 513061 540 design certificate with Very Edible Copyright Gardens. www.erikahildegard.com Pip is subject to copyright in its entirety. The contents may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. Matt Jones. Views expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of the publisher. To the extent permitted by law, the publisher disclaims any Artist liability whatsoever in relation to any advice, representation, statement, opinion or conclusion expressed in Pip Magazine. Matt is an artist, illustrator, writer Contributors and barista living in words: Ian Lillington, Robyn Francis, David Holmgren, Guy Stewart, Bermagui, a small fishing Dan Harris-Pascal, Kirsten Bradley, Jodie Lane, Carly McMahon, village on the east coast Bernadette, O’Leary, India Flint, Claudia Echeverria, Beck Lowe, of Australia. He makes John McKenzie, Taj Scicluna (Perma Pixie), Skye Etherington, Robin drawings and objects for Clayfield, Robyn Rosenfeldt, Annie Werner, Cecilia Macauley gallery exhibitions, private commissions photos: Erika Hildegard, Russ Grayson, David Holmgren, Bruce and publications. Matt’s open studio Hedge, Robyn Rosenfeldt, Guy Stewart, Dave and Charlotte, Robyn shopfront is also a popular espresso Francis, John McKenzie, Dan Harris-Pascal, Cathy X, Kirsten Bradley, bar, allowing visitors to interact with the Michelle Wilson, Meena Kadri variety and chaos of his creative practice. misterjones.com.au illustrations: Kathleen McCann, Cecilia Macauley special thanks to Linda Raczkowski, Sara Bear and Rhonda Ayliffe for their help and support 4 NOTICEBOARD Djanbung Gardens 20 Anniversary International Permaculture Day th Celebration 7-9 June, 2014 Sunday 4 MAY 2014 In 1994 Robyn Francis acquired a compacted cow It’s time to think global and act local in all pasture to create permaculture’s first purpose-designed things permaculture through celebrations, education centre and demonstration farm as a living demonstrations and networking with local learnscape of permaculture in practice. Djanbung as well as international allied organisations. Gardens has trained, inspired and empowered many Come see permaculture projects in action thousands of students and visitors from around the through open gardens, community gardens, world. The team at Djanbung invite you to come schools, farms and other sites. and celebrate, 7—9 June. Program includes the Enjoy a fun-filled day with educational annual open day, a permaculture symposium, tours, workshops, meals, seed saving, films and workshops, lots of music, fun, local food and special other creative activities which will allow you guests. Former students are invited to give workshops to see permaculture at its best. and short presentations on their work. Spend time talking to permaculturalists who are living and More info www.permaculture.com.au experiencing permaculture in their everyday lives. Each year thousands flock to discover what permaculture is all about and to find solutions to their problems. It’s time for you to see too. Register your event or plan your day at: http://www.permacultureday.org Like us on: https://www.facebook.com/ InternationalPermacultureDay Follow us on: https://twitter.com/permacultureday/ Welcome to the first beginnings of IPC-UK! The UK Permaculture Association will be aiming to use the event to make closer links hosting the 12th International Permaculture with the many other wonderful organisations Convergence in September 2015. and networks that are also working for Earth IPC-UK will be a collaborative effort of the whole Care, People Care and Fair Shares! international permaculture network. They are http://www.permaculture.org.uk/IPCUK Documenting permaculture projects Twelve new permaculture images and stories now illustrate the design principles on permacultureprinciples. com. I’m now seeking submissions that capture innovative projects and observations from over the world to illustrate the principles for the next Permaculture Calendar. Melliodora tours If you’ve taken a good quality photo that is both beautiful and tells a story about permaculture, consider submitting The best way to see how permaculture works is to visit one of the it to help build a better resource to inspire both the current best permaculture demonstration sites in the world, Melliodora. and next generation of permies. You could receive up to It opens its doors to the public once every month until May. twelve permaculture calendars for your efforts—see the 10am to 12.30: see how an energy efficient solar house can website for details. be designed and how the household economy works. 2pm to 4.30: see the productive energy-efficient So, what are you waiting for? Get snapping, submissions garden farm system. Bookings essential must be made before 1 June 2014. www.holmgren.com.au/events Email your submissions to richard@ 6 April and 4 May permacultureprinciples.com 5 PERMACULTURE GROUPS Permaculture Australia Permaculture Blue Mountains In 2011 the long established Permaculture International Ltd We are a community group based in the Blue Mountains of NSW, registered the business name Permaculture Australia (PA) to Australia. Our purpose and warmest intention is to work within allow it to transition into the role of representing permaculture our local community to educate, network, support and develop on a national level. PA is already operating as a national body in skills in the art of living sustainably through the application of three ways: permaculture principles. Permafund — a nationally registered deductible gift recipient fund Our members are part of six teams that work to create that can receive donations and offer grants. Last year Permafund sustainable and more resilient communities right across our dispersed small grants to 13 groups in Australia and overseas mountain villages. These teams are the Garden Team, Living and a 2014 grant round is underway. Permafund also provides Skills Team, Education Team, Communications and Networking practical advice and mentoring support for aid and community Team, Events Team and the Advocacy team. projects. One of our main activities is the bi-monthly Sustainability Talks Accredited Permaculture Training (APT) — these courses (from series featuring the activities and actions that local community Cert 1 to Diploma of Permaculture) were developed by a team members are already taking. of dedicated volunteers over many years. APT is a competency- www.permaculturebluemountains.net based training package that builds on the contents of the PDC. APT courses can be used in schools and colleges across Australia and have the potential to create jobs in the training Permaculture Hunter sector. PA retains the rights to the curriculum registration and is negotiating with a national curriculum provider — Agrifoods Permaculture Hunter has been active for about 20 years. Australia — to expand the use of the courses. Currently we organise Permaculture Backyard Blitzes, a Monthly Permaculture Evening with speakers , a kitchen segment and Internet platforms – Permaculture Australia has a great a a ‘Plant of the month’, Garden tours, Permaculture Stalls at website and Facebook page to promote permaculture and local local Festivals and Markets, and other projects as well. We’ve initiatives. got a library, books for sale and do a lot of Swapsies too. It’s Membership to PA includes a subscription to Pip Magazine, mostly about the people though — we’ve got a great group of which means two copies a year sent to you. committed friends who enjoy their gardening and each other too! Permaculture Hunter, Ross Brown, 04111 74453 So … what’s next for PA? That’s up to you. www.permacultureaustralia.org.au 6 SCPA - South East Producers. Permaculture Victoria Dynamic regional group covering the far south coast of Permaculture Victoria is a member-based association of people NSW, Southern Tablelands and the Monaro whose vision practising permaculture across the state. The association had is about enabling food security for their region. SCPA has its beginnings in 1981 as Permaculture Melbourne (PcM) as several groups under its umbrella including the Bega Valley the result of a loungeroom meeting between a small number Seedsavers, Permablitz and the Loomgrowers, who raise funds of people enthusiastic about permaculture. PcM grew over for impoverished women in Third World countries. SCPA also the years in both members and community participation. run their own Organic Certification scheme under IFOAM and Incorporation in 1990 led to a resurgence and broadening of manage produce Markets in Bega and Tilba. For detail and activities to include education, overseas aid, heritage orchard membership — www.scpa.org.au management and other community-based involvement. The membership is organised into geographically based Local Sarina Community (just south of Mackay, QLD) Groups across Victoria ranging from West Gippsland in the east, through the Dandenongs, most suburbs in and around Melbourne, Ballarat, the Otways, and Donald to the north It is an exciting time for our Sarina community. The mining boom west of the state. There are also three Special Interest Groups: saw our economy explode along with issues like mental health Perm-Apiculture (Natural Beekeeping), the Plant Group and the and family breakdown. Out of adversity the raw human desire Victorian Educators Group. has risen to return to simplicity. Simple living, simple food and See http://permaculturemelbourne.org.au/local-groups/ for simple human connection. Interest in permaculture workshops, a complete list. volunteering and the pursuit of locally produced food has also grown markedly. With perfect timing Costa Georgiadis visited last The local groups are very active within their communities and run year to open our new Landcare facilities and during a tour of our various activities such as permablitzes, workshops, member site high school’s agriculture centre he spoke stirringly about food visits, excursions, social gatherings and the likes. The association health and its connection to our health. He said a facility like the also organises participation at appropriate festivals and ag centre provided the perfect opportunity for our community to exhibitions, conferences and gatherings, and looks to support create an awesome future in sustainable local food production members in permaculture promotion and education. and education. So began a wonderful journey where we worked In recognition of the spread and depth of membership across with the school to establish the basis of a community volunteer the state, the decision was made in 2013 to change the name to garden. With much joy we now have a permaculture food forest Permaculture Victoria (PcV) — a simple enough change, but one and veggie patch and the students and volunteers are bravely that triggered a great deal of grassroot-level interest in forming embarking on a buddy system program. We’d love to have new new local groups. This also instigated an increase of enthusiasm volunteers at any time and children are welcome. Please contact amongst members with plans and activities underway to build Alexes for more details. the association to include all interested ‘permies’ across the Where: Sarina Rural Skills Centre. At the end of Breen St, state. Sarina> For more information, visit www.permaculturevictoria.org.au When: Thursdays and Fridays from 8:30 am to 5 pm. Working- bees to be held on Saturdays as required. Permaculture West Contact: Alexes Marshman, community garden volunteer, 0420942830 or e-mail: [email protected] The Permaculture Association of Western Australia Inc (PermacultureWest) is a not-for-profit incorporated association with aims to help people learn and use permaculture in their lives. The Association provides the opportunity for members and the wider community of WA to obtain information, find training, start thinking and find support for implementing permaculture designs. We are the point of contact and networking for sustainably oriented individuals, communities and businesses in WA. We are a small volunteer team working from an accessible online presence at www.permaculturewest.org.au to disseminate permaculture information and resources, promote design and construction of permaculture systems, provide community garden and community ventures support and advice, and through local group creation provide opportunities for sustainable thinking people to meet. Contact us to find your ‘permie’ community in WA. [email protected] 7 PIP PICKS Cecilia Macauley’s pearl of wisdom #1 Permaculture design is about solving whatever real problems people have. My clients are mostly mainstreamers, so their problems aren’t of a vegetable nature. They are; ‘My children don’t listen to me’, ‘I’m always rushed’, ‘Life is such a chore’. If good design creates cared-for, surplus-sharing people, Bill Mollision would be pleased. Our houses could be our cheer squad and support crew, but so often, they just defeat us. We intend to do something lovely: wrap a present, shine our shoes, make a cake. But we end up stuck. ‘Where is the sticky tape?’ ‘Who took the scissors?’ ‘Do we have any white laces?’ Create household guilds. Make families of objects so that they are able to fulfill their purpose when they are in each other’s presence. Find a beautiful box or container for them. Label it with a spot-on title. Don’t dilute or pollute the box with things that don’t really belong. It’s much easier to be productive when everything we need to succeed is already under our noses. www.ceciliamacaulay.com.au The Weed Forager’s Handbook Step into the world of our least-admired botanical companions, peel back the layers of prejudice, and discover the finer side of the plants we call weeds. An astonishing number are either edible or medicinal, and have deep and sometimes bizarre connections to human history. The Gundaroo Tiller Broadfork Featuring: Full colour photos and botanical The broad fork is a modern, ergonomically-sound illustrations version of a classic Dutch implement. It is ideal for the fast manual non-inversion tillage, particularly of heavy Detailed edibility and medicinal notes clay soils. Soils can be opened up to allow air, water on 20 main common weeds, plus and soil organisms to penetrate with the consequent another 14 short profiles improvement of structure, fertility and biological activity. Delicious and easy recipes It is a serious tool for market gardeners, herb and Remarkable tales from history and cut flower growers and is a sustainable alternative to folklore! mechanical cultivation. Many home gardeners find it $21.95 plus $3 postage makes a wonderful replacement for conventional garden forks with their flimsy tines and short handles. www.eatthatweed.com/ 5 tined $175 plus $35 postage 7 Tined $195 plus $35 postage www.allsun.com.au/BroadForkL.html or call Wade (08) 8752 1504 8
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