GROUTING THEORY AND GROUTING PRACTICE Distribution of hydraulic properties and rock ...

119 Pages·2016·6.27 MB·English

by  Johan Thörn

GROUTING THEORY AND GROUTING PRACTICE
Distribution of hydraulic properties and rock mass response
with regards to grouting aspects and seepage into tunnels

BJÖRN STILLE

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Division of GeoEngineering
CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Gothenburg, Sweden 2016
B. Stille
THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF LICENTIATE OF PHILOSOPHY

Grouting theory and grouting practice
Distribution of hydraulic properties and rock mass response with regards to
grouting and aspects of seepage into tunnels

BJÖRN STILLE

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Division of GeoEngineering
CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Gothenburg, Sweden 2016

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B. Stille

Grouting theory and grouting practice
BJÖRN STILLE

© BJÖRN STILLE, 2016

Lic / Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of
Technology.

lic 2016:1,
ISSN 1652-9146

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Division of GeoEngineering
Chalmers University of Technology
SE-412 96 Gothenburg
Sweden
Telephone + 46 (0)31-772 1000

Chalmers Reproservice
Gothenburg, Sweden 2016
ii
Grouting theory and grouting practice
BJÖRN STILLE
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Division of GeoEngineering
Chalmers University of Technology
ABSTRACT
The data, which is the basis for this thesis, comes from several case studies that have been
performed with the aim to study the grouting process. For each case hundreds to thousands
of grout holes have been studied. The cases show that the geological and the
geohydrological conditions clearly influence the grout take and the grouting process. The
single strongest influence on the grout results seem to be the density of zones. The study
shows that the geohydrological conditions can be described statistically with a lognormal
distribution. A simple methodology to curve fit the data is described as well as the option
and method to scale the test results to relevant length. The grouting process is analysed
with the real time grouting control method and the results show the applicability of the
method. The analysis also shows some diagnostics possibilities to evaluate possible
jacking.
The transmissivity distribution for the grout holes in the rock mass can be used to evaluate
the grout results. An alternative way to analyse the water seepage is shown. The analysis
shows that the results are reasonable and comparable to actual water seepage. The method
is relatively easy to use.
The thesis shows that there is considerable variation in basic properties, models and the
grouting process. The design and execution therefore needs to be adaptable to certify that a
good result can be expected with regards to limiting water seepage and overall economy.
The observational method is recommended.
Keywords: Case study, Grouting, Grout take, Dimensionality, Grout penetration,
Distribution of transmissivity, Mean value and variation, Tunnel seepage, Observational
method

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LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
This thesis is based on the following publications:
I. Stille B., Gustafson G. (2010). A review of the Namntall Tunnel project with
regard to grouting performance. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology.
Vol. 25, pp. 346-356.
II. Stille B., Stille H., Gustafson G., Kobayashi S. (2009). Experience with the real-
time grouting control method. Geomechanics and Tunnelling. Vol 2, pp. 447-459.
III. Stille B., Stille H. (to be submitted 2016). Distribution of rock mass hydraulic
conductivity and its application to rock engineering problems.

DIVISION BETWEEN AUTHORS
Paper 1: The paper was written by B.Stille. The figure 3 (modified after Caine et al 1995) was
suggested by Gustafson and figure 10 was performed after suggestion by Gustafson.
Paper 2: Section 1 was a joint effort by the authors B.Stille and H.Stille. Section 2 was almost
entirely based on Gustafson and Stille 2005. Section 3 was based on Kobayashi’s work, the
figure 3-3 however was made by Gustafson. Section 4 was mainly written by B.Stille and the
analysis was performed by B.Stille and Bruno. The conclusions in section 5 were mostly
produced by Kobayashi, H.Stille and B.Stille. The text was compiled by B.Stille.
Paper 3: Most parts of the paper was written by B.Stille with the exception of the log normal
distribution and the scaling of the lognormal distribution which was derived by H.Stille.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I started my research after doing a study for the Swedish Rock Research Foundation
(BeFo). It was the first field study of the application and implications of the new grout
theories presented 2004 and 2005. Professor Gunnar Gustafson, our advisor, encouraged us
and suggested my continuation as a research student at Chalmers. Thanks professor for
your faith, creativity and patience, you are missed.
Fredrik Andersson, thanks for your creative support. It was you that actually enabled the
first quick and efficient analysis of data making it possible to study thousands of holes with
a reasonable effort. Thanks also to Knut Urtel, Magnus Bohlin and Andrea Bruno for their
master thesis works. Special thanks to Tove Brickner, Actuary, for your help with the
lognormal distribution.
An acknowledgment cannot be complete without thanking my father professor Håkan
Stille. You have always helped and supported me. You also have a good and rare
understanding of the whole mechanics from axe to lumber so to speak. In our discussions I
have always felt a great connection almost as if moved to a different level and higher
perspective.
Professor Lars O Ericsson, this would not have been finished without you. You have
shown great leadership skills in motivating and dividing the work in reasonable parts,
cutting the cake for the cat to eat. Thanks also for your encouragement, support and
discussions especially regarding the analysis of water pressure tests and flow models. You
possess both curiosity and open-mindedness which are necessary for great research.
To my wife, Sofie, sharp and smart, one has to keep ones wit around you. Without proper
resistance the steel doesn’t get an edge. Thanks Olivia and Michael for being who you are.
There is a proverb in Japan 'seishin tanren' which translates as - forging of the spirit. It
implies that through hard work 'shugyo' the spirit is formed and shaped. To polish ones
spirit like a mirror so that it may truly reflect the light. Thanks Kensei.
I would also like to acknowledge Skanska Sverige (Teknik), Sweco Civil, the Swedish
Rock Research foundation, BeFo, and the Swedish contractors development fund, SBUF,
for funding of the research.

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