Ground Improvement Case-Histories: Embankments with Special Reference to Consolidation and Other Physical Methods PDF
Preview Ground Improvement Case-Histories: Embankments with Special Reference to Consolidation and Other Physical Methods
EMBANKMENTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CONSOLIDATION AND OTHER PHYSICAL METHODS Ground Improvement Case Histories EMBANKMENTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CONSOLIDATION AND OTHER PHYSICAL METHODS Edited by BUDDHIMA INDRARATNA ProfessorandResearchDirector,CentreforGeomechanics and Railway Engineering,Facultyof Engineeringand InformationSciences,University of Wollongong, NSW 2522,Australia JIAN CHU Professorand James M. Hoover Chair in Geotechnical Engineering, Iowa State University, USA NanyangTechnological University, Singapore CHOLACHAT RUJIKIATKAMJORN AssociateProfessor,CentreforGeomechanicsandRailway Engineering, Faculty of Engineeringand Information Sciences,University of Wollongong, NSW 2522,Australia AMSTERDAM (cid:129) BOSTON (cid:129) HEIDELBERG (cid:129) LONDON NEW YORK (cid:129) OXFORD (cid:129) PARIS (cid:129) SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO (cid:129) SINGAPORE (cid:129) SYDNEY (cid:129) TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier ButterworthHeinemannisanimprintofElsevier TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA ©2015ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany means,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformation storageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailson howtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspolicies andourarrangementwithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandthe CopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyright bythePublisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchand experiencebroadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professional practices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledge inevaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribed herein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafety andthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors, assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterof productsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods, products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-0-08-100192-9 ForinformationonallButterworthHeinemannpublications visitourwebsiteathttp://store.elsevier.com DEDICATION This Book is dedicated to several thousands who lost their lives in the catastrophic earthquake that hit Nepal on 25 April 2015 causing devastating and widespread destruction. Appropriate Ground Improvement will be crucial during the reconstruction of affected regions including the surrounds of Kathmandu. v CONTRIBUTORS DimiterAlexiew MarcioSouzaSoaresdeAlmeida CivilandGeotechnicalEngineering, Professor,GraduateSchoolofEngineering, HueskerSyntheticGmbH,Gescher, FederalUniversityofRiodeJaneiro, Germany Brazil A.S.Balasubramaniam SurajDeSilva Professor,SchoolofEngineering,Griffith MaunsellGeotechnicalServicesLimited, University,GoldCoast,Australia HongKong C.Bamunawita C.T.Gnanendran FormerStudent,CentreforGeomechanics SchoolofEngineeringandInformation andRailwayEngineering,Universityof Technology,UniversityofNewSouth Wollongong,Australia Wales,Canberra,Australia See-SewGue SudipBasack Gue&PartnersSdnBhd,Geotechnical CentreforGeomechanicsandRailway Consultants,KualaLumpur,Malaysia Engineering,FacultyofEngineeringand InformationSciences,Universityof ChanakaGunasekara Wollongong,NewSouthWales,Australia SMECAustraliaPtyLtd,SydneyNSW, Australia MyintWinBo BullenConsultantsLtd.,Bradford,U.K. SvenHansbo ProfessorEmeritus,ChalmersUniversityof MounirBouassida Technology,GothenburgandConsulting Universite´ deTunisElManar,Ecole Engineer,Stockholm Nationaled’Inge´nieursdeTunisandSimpro ConsultingBureau,Ariana,Tunis,Tunisia LassaadHazzar SimproConsultingBureau,Ariana,Tunisia Yuang-qiangCai CollegeofArchitectureandCivil JeffHsi Engineering,WenzhouUniversity, SMECAustraliaPtyLtd,SydneyNSW, Wenzhou,China Australia KimChan BuddhimaIndraratna GHD,Sydney,Australia ProfessorandResearchDirector, VictorChoa CentreforGeomechanicsand RailwayEngineering,Facultyof NanyangTechnologicalUniversity, EngineeringandInformationSciences, Singapore UniversityofWollongong,NSW,Australia JianChu ProfessorandJamesM.HooverChairin M.N.Islam GeotechnicalEngineering,IowaState SchoolofEngineeringandInformation University,USA;NanyangTechnological Technology,UniversityofNewSouth University,Singapore Wales,Canberra,Australia xi xii Contributors MasaakiKatagiri BrendanC.O’Kelly FormerlyofNikkenSekkeiNakase DepartmentofCivil,Structuraland GeotechnicalInstitute,Tokyo EnvironmentalEngineering,Trinity CollegeDublin,Dublin,Ireland R.Kelly VisitingIndustryFellow,Centrefor BoscoPoon ExcellenceinGeotechnicalScienceand GHD,Sydney,Australia Engineering,UniversityofNewcastleand MarcRaithel SeniorPrincipal,andSenior CivilandGeotechnicalEngineering, GeotechnicalEngineer,Coffey Kempfert&PartnerGeotechnik, Geotechnics,NSW Consultants,Kassel,Wu¨rzburg,Germany ToshiakiKosaka CholachatRujikiatkamjorn GeotechnicalEngineeringDepartment, CentreforGeomechanicsandRailway DiaConsultants,Sendai,Japan Engineering,FacultyofEngineering andInformationSciences,University M.D.Larisch ofWollongong,NSW,Australia AdjuctAssistantProf,Geotechnical EngineeringCentre,TheUniversityof I.Sathananthan Queensland,Brisbane,AustraliaandPrincipal, FormerStudent,CentreforGeomechanics MLEngineering,Brisbane,Australia andRailwayEngineering,Universityof Wollongong,Australia PenchiLin MAAGroupConsultingEngineers,Taiwan FirmanSiahaan andThailand CentreforGeomechanicsandRailway Engineering,FacultyofEngineeringand Han-longLiu InformationSciences,Universityof InstituteofGeotechnicalEngineering, Wollongong,NewSouthWales, ChongqingUniversity,China Australia Jian-junMa S.T.Sivakumar CollegeofArchitectureandCivil QueenslandDepartmentofTransportand Engineering,WenzhouUniversity, MainRoads,Brisbane,Australia Wenzhou,China AlexandrePereiraSpotti MariaEstherSoaresMarques Professor,FederalInstituteofEducation, Professor,MilitaryInstituteofEngineering, ScienceandTechnologyofRioGrande RiodeJaneiro,Brazil doNorte,Brazil Za-ChiehMoh Yean-ChinTan MAAGroupConsultingEngineers,Taiwan Gue&PartnersSdnBhd,Geotechnical andThailand Consultants,KualaLumpur,Malaysia T.Muttuvel NiponTeerachaikulpanich SeniorGeotechnicalEngineer,Coffey ThaiMaruyamaIndustryCo.,Ltd., GeotechnicsPty.Ltd,NSW,Australia Bangkok,Thailand VietNguyen MasaakiTerashi SMECAustraliaPtyLtd,SydneyNSW, FormerlyofNikkenSekkeiNakase Australia GeotechnicalInstitute,Tokyo Contributors xiii JunWang ShuwangYan CollegeofArchitectureandCivil GeotechnicalResearchInstitute,Tianjin Engineering,WenzhouUniversity, University,Tianjin,China Wenzhou,China Wan-HuanZhou YoichiWatabe DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmental PortandAirportResearchInstitute,Japan Engineering,FacultyofScienceand Technology,UniversityofMacau,Macau, VasanthaWijeyakulasuriya China Coffey,Toronto,Ontario,Canada PatrickWong SeniorConsultant,CoffeyGeotechnicsPty. Ltd,Chatswood,Australia FOREWORD Thereishardlyanycountryintheworldthatdoesnotencounterproblematic soileitherduetonaturalformationorcausedbymanmadeactivitiesforland useandconstructionatagivenlocationoratanygiventime.Moreover,with increasingpopulationinmanycountries,itisalmostinevitablethateventhe mostmarginallandandoftendifficultterrainsarealsoutilisedforinfrastruc- turedevelopment.InCivilEngineeringpractice,withoutadvancedground improvementtechniques,suchdevelopmentsoverformationsthatconsistof highly compressible estuarine clays, dispersive and erodible soils, landfills weak residual soils, historic landslide debris such as colluvium or highly weatheredandfracturedrockmasswouldnotbepossible.Withmanycoun- triesnowembracinghighspeedrail,offshorelandreclamation,deepexcava- tionsandtunnelsamongotherconstructionchallenges,detailedreviewand mandatory budgeting for optimal ground improvement techniques have becomethenormineveryinfrastructureproject. Thisseriesof3BooksonGroundImprovementCaseHistorieseditedby ProfessorsBuddhimaIndraratna,JianChu,andCholachatRujikiatkamjorn offer a significant expansion of the very popular previous book published more than a decade ago. This concerted effort of three world-renowned ground improvement experts is to be commended for an exceptionally beneficialcontributiontogeotechnicalengineering.Thecontentsarebased on detailed knowledge acquired through many years of painstaking field observationsandR&Dstudiesbymanyinternationallyreputedacademics andpractitioners.Thebalanceoftheoryandpracticeaswellasthedepthof the subject matter of about 75 Chapters is undeniable. Numerous advances in almost every ground improvement technique have been made in the past decade, and these 3 books together provide methodicallycompilednewcasehistoriesplusexpandedorrevisedChapters fromthepreviousbookwherewarranted.Inthisseries,thefirsttwobooks comprehensively cover the entire range of physical methods of ground improvement while the third book is a significant contribution covering chemical, thermal, electrokinetic and biological methods of ground improvement, which are rapidly developing multi-disciplinary fields. TheGroundImprovementCaseHistoriesinthisstandalonethreebook compilation offer an outstanding package for practitioners, researchers, academics and students, culminating in the understanding of concepts and xv xvi Foreword thedeliveryofcompetitivegroundbreakingsolutionsinalmosteveryfacet ofgroundimprovement.Undoubtedly,itisindeedtheonlycomprehensive compilation of Ground Improvement Case Histories available today and should be on the shelf of every geotechnical engineer. Serge Varaksin Conseiller Scientifique/Scientific advisor Vice-Chairman TC-211 ISSMGE APAGEO-ZA de Gomberville – rue Salvador Allende 78114 Magny les Hameaux – France PREFACE IthasbeenalmosttenyearssincethefirstbookonGroundImprovement- Case Histories (Indraratna and Chu) was published by Elsevier. Since then there has been a substantial number of major projects and case studies reportedinvariouspartsoftheworldinallareasofGroundImprovement. Ground improvement has been both a science and art, with significant developments observed through ancient history. From the use of straw as blended infill with soils for additional strength during the ancient Roman civilizations, and the use of elephants for compaction of earth dams during theearlyAsiancivilizations,themodernconceptssuchasvacuumpreload- ingforsoftsoilconsolidationhavecomealongway.Groundimprovement works have become increasingly challenging when problems of soft and weak estuarine clays, highly compressible peats, offshore marine muds and sensitive clays have to be addressed for infrastructure development. The use of large and stiff stone columns and sand drains in the past has nowbeenreplacedbyquickertoinstallandmoreeffectiveprefabricatedver- tical drains, which have eliminated the need for more expensive soil improvementmethodsandhavealsoreducedtheintensityofpilinginclay foundations and associated costs. The selection and application of effective consolidation and other physical techniques would also reduce the long- term settlement including creep of deep soft soil deposits. ThefirstBookofthisGroundImprovementSeries,Embankmentswith Special Reference to Consolidation and Other Physical Methods, is divided into 2 major themes: 1. Preloading, Vertical Drains and Vacuum Application (15 Chapters) 2. Sand and Gravel Piles, Stone Columns and Other Rigid Inclusions (11 Chapters) This Book contains a collection of specialised chapters written by invited expertsfrombothacademiaandpracticeinvariousareasofgroundimprove- ment,illustratingthebasicconceptsandtheapplicationsofdifferentground improvement techniques via real-life projects. Case histories from many countries ranging from Asia, America, Australia and Europe are addressed insightfully and in detail. As a whole, different soils or ground materials are discussed by about 50 authors and co-authors including slurry, soft clays,sands,tailingsandwastematerials.Variousgroundimprovementtech- niquesthatseektoenhancetheengineeringpropertiesofsoiltoachievethe xvii
The list of books you might like
