Groove Groove A Phenomenology of Rhythmic Nuance Tiger C. Roholt Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Inc 1385 Broadway 50 Bedford Square New York London NY 10018 WC1B 3DP USA UK www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury is a registered trade mark of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2014 © Tiger C. Roholt 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Roholt, Tiger C. Groove : a phenomenology of rhythmic nuance / Tiger C. Roholt. pages cm Summary: “A highly original work in the philosophy of music and sound, offering an in-depth study of the nature and purpose of rhythm” -- Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-6627-2 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-0418-2 (paperback) 1. Musical meter and rhythm. 2. Music--Philosophy and aesthetics. I. Title. ML3850.R74 2014 781.2›24--dc23 2014014392 ISBN: 978-1-4411-7077-4 Typeset by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NN for dottie and les Contents Acknowledgments viii Introduction 1 1 Musical Nuance 13 2 Perceiving 43 3 The Body 83 4 Groove in Music 105 Notes 141 Bibliography 163 Discography 171 Index 173 Acknowledgments This book is a reconceived and rewritten version of the project that was my Ph.D. dissertation in philosophy at Columbia. I want to begin by expressing my ongoing and sincere gratitude to Lydia Goehr, my dissertation supervisor, whose voice is always in my head as I write—still—pushing me to think more carefully, less narrowly, more deeply. I am also grateful to the other members of my disser- tation committee, Taylor Carman and Christopher Peacocke. I owe a special debt to Sean D. Kelly, who was an unusually helpful external reader of my dissertation; our discussions were pivotal to the way in which I have ultimately dealt with groove in this book. Arthur Danto’s response to my first essay on groove was crucial to my embarking upon this project to begin with. Thank you to the generous and kind group of students with whom I experi- enced graduate school—especially Hanne Appelqvist, Michalle Gal, Jonathan Neufeld, Sirine Shebaya, Matthew Slater, and Brian Soucek. I am indebted to Ted Gracyk for countless gems of advice, as well as very helpful comments on a draft of this manuscript. For thought provoking conversations about art and music, thank you Garry Hagberg, Christopher Bartel, Jerrold Levinson, Philip Alperson, Michael Kelly, David Clowney, Jim Greenberg, Steve McClellan and Margaret Moore. For my productive and inspiring experience as an undergraduate at the University of Minnesota, I owe thanks to Norman Dahl, Marcia Eaton, Keith Gunderson, Michael Root, and Naomi Scheman. I also want to thank my colleagues at Montclair— David Benfield (a true mentor), Roland Garrett, Christopher Herrera, Kirk McDermid, Dorothy Rogers, Mark Clatterbuck, Cynthia Eller, Yasir Ibrahim, Stephen Johnson, Michael Kogan, Lise Vail, Tyson Lewis and Marissa Silverman. I am also grateful to my many students Acknowledgments ix who have matched my enthusiasm for philosophy, with special thanks to James Owen. At Bloomsbury Academic, I would like to thank David Barker for his enthusiasm for this project and Ally Jane Grossan for her patience and assistance. Chapter 1 draws from my “Musical Musical Nuance,” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 68 (2010): 1–10. Chapter 2 draws from my “In Praise of Ambiguity: Musical Subtlety and Merleau-Ponty,” Contemporary Aesthetics 11 (2013). I want to thank the editors of these journals. During my years as a musician, many individuals—band mates, music industrians, music journalists, and so on—helped to shape my views on music and its seemingly ineffable aspects. I am grateful to them. Shira Gal Roholt, my daughter, has taught me the meaning of intrinsic value. My parents allowed me the space to learn about music (even when neighbors were pounding on the ceiling). My father, Les, taught me to play music; my mother, Dottie, made it impossible for me not to think deeply about it. I was lucky to grow up in a household where a magical mix of music was playing: Gene Vincent, early Van Morrison, Sly and the Family Stone, Frank Sinatra, the Del-Vikings, Roberta Flack. I am also very appreciative of the guidance and kindness of Henrietta and Henry Rosenberg and the entire Rosenberg family. Finally, I owe more than I can express to my life-saving and life- affirming life partner, Jill Rosenberg. T.C.R. Montclair May 2014