Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner

225 Pages·2018·2.152 MB·English

by  J. William Worden

GRIEF COUNSELING AND GRIEF THERAPY
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J. William Worden, PhD, ABPP, is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association
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and holds academic appointments at the Harvard Medical School and at the Rosemead
Graduate School of Psychology in California. He is also coprincipal investigator of the
Harvard Child Bereavement Study, based at the Massachusetts General Hospital. A recipient
of five major National Institutes of Health grants, his research and clinical work over 40 years
has centered on issues of life-threatening illness and life-threatening behavior.
His professional interests led him to become a founding member of the Association of
Death Education and Counseling (ADEC) and the International Work Group on Death, Dying,
and Bereavement (IWG). With his colleague Dr. Avery Weisman, he pioneered the field of
Psychosocial Oncology and is a Fellow of the American Psychosocial Oncology Society. Dr.
Worden has also been active in the development of Hospice, serving on the board of the first
U.S. hospice in Connecticut.
Dr. Worden has lectured and written on topics related to terminal illness, cancer care, and
bereavement. He is the author of Personal Death Awareness and Children & Grief: When a
Parent Dies, and is coauthor of Helping Cancer Patients Cope. His book Grief Counseling and
Grief Therapy: A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner, now in its fifth edition, has been
translated into 14 foreign languages and is widely used around the world as the standard
reference on the subject. Dr. Worden’s clinical practice is in Laguna Niguel, California.
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GRIEF COUNSELING AND GRIEF
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THERAPY
A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner
FIFTH EDITION
J. William Worden, PhD, ABPP
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Copyright © 2018 Springer Publishing Company, LLC
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Worden, J. William (James William), 1932- author.
Title: Grief counseling and grief therapy : a handbook for the mental health practitioner / J. William Worden.
Description: Fifth edition. | New York, NY : Springer Publishing Company, LLC, [2018] | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018005527| ISBN 9780826134745 | ISBN 9780826134752 (ebook)
Subjects: | MESH: Counseling--methods | Grief | Psychotherapy--methods
Classification: LCC RC455.4.L67 | NLM WM 55 | DDC 616.89/14--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018005527
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In Remembrance of my Brother
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Dr. Jack D. Worden
1940–2016
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Happiness has gone out of our lives;
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Grief has taken the place of our dances
Lamentations 5
You will weep, lament and be sorrowful, but
Your sorrow will turn into joy.
John 17
Weeping may endure for a night; but joy cometh in the morning.
Psalm 30
Grieving allows us to heal, to remember with love rather than pain.
It is a sorting process.
One by one you let go of things that are gone and you mourn for them.
One by one you take hold of the things that have become a part of who you are and build again.
—Rachel Naomi Remen
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CONTENTS
Preface
Share Grief Counseling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner, Fifth
Edition
Introduction
Social Media and Online Resources
What Is the Nature of Complicated Bereavement?
Disenfranchised Grief
Continuing Bonds
Meaning Making
Resilience
Trauma and Grief
Some Concluding Thoughts
References
1. Attachment, Loss, and the Experience of Grief
Attachment Theory
Is Grief a Disease?
Normal Grief
Feelings
Physical Sensations
Cognitions
Behaviors
Grief and Depression
For Reflection and Discussion
References
2. Understanding the Mourning Process
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Tasks of Mourning
Task I: To Accept the Reality of the Loss
Task II: To Process the Pain of Grief
Task III: To Adjust to a World Without the Deceased
Task IV: To Find a Way to Remember the Deceased While Embarking on the Rest
of One’s Journey Through Life
Some Alternate Models to Consider
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Therese Rando’s Six “R” Model of Mourning
Simon Rubin’s Two Track Model of Mourning
Stroebe and Colleagues’ Dual Process Model
For Reflection and Discussion
References
3. The Mourning Process: Mediators of Mourning
Mediator 1: Kinship: Who Died?
Mediator 2: The Nature of the Attachment
Mediator 3: How the Person Died
Proximity
Suddenness or Unexpectedness
Violent/Traumatic Deaths
Multiple Losses
Preventable Deaths
Ambiguous Deaths
Stigmatized Deaths
Mediator 4: Historical Antecedents
Mediator 5: Personality Variables
Age and Gender
Coping Style
Attachment Style
Cognitive Style
Ego Strength: Self-Esteem and Self-Efficacy
Assumptive World: Beliefs and Values
Mediator 6: Social Variables
Mediator 7: Concurrent Losses and Stresses
Caution: Mourning Behavior is Multidetermined
When is Mourning Finished?
For Reflection and Discussion
References
4. Grief Counseling: Facilitating Uncomplicated Grief
Goals of Grief Counseling
Who Does Grief Counseling?
When to Do Grief Counseling
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Where Should Grief Counseling Be Done?
Who Receives Grief Counseling?
Identifying the At-Risk Bereaved
Counseling Principles and Procedures
Principle 1: Help the Survivor Actualize the Loss
Principle 2: Help the Survivor to Identify and Experience Feelings
Principle 3: Assist Living Without the Deceased
Principle 4: Help Find Meaning in the Loss
Principle 5: Help Find Ways to Remember the Deceased
Principle 6: Provide Time to Grieve
Principle 7: Interpret Normal Behavior
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Principle 8: Allow for Individual Differences
Principle 9: Examine Defenses and Coping Styles
Principle 10: Identify Pathology and Refer
Useful Techniques
Evocative Language
Use of Symbols
Writing
Drawing
Role-Playing
Cognitive Restructuring
Memory Books
Directed Imagery
Metaphors
The Use of Medication
Grief Counseling in Groups
Choose a Group Format
Prescreen Participants
Define Expectations
Establish Ground Rules
Determine Leadership Approach
Understand Interpersonal Dynamics
Handle Disruptive Behaviors Effectively
Facilitating Grief Through Funeral Rituals
Does Grief Counseling Work?
For Reflection and Discussion
References
5. Abnormal Grief Reactions: Complicated Mourning
Why People Fail to Grieve
Relational Factors
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Circumstantial Factors
Historical Factors
Personality Factors
Social Factors
How Grief Goes Wrong
An Emerging Diagnosis of Complicated Grief
An Existing Model of Complicated Mourning
Chronic Grief Reactions
Delayed Grief Reactions
Exaggerated Grief Reactions
Masked Grief Reactions
Diagnosing Complicated Mourning
Clue 1
Clue 2
Clue 3
Clue 4
Clue 5
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