Grid Database Design

309 Pages·2005·4.469 MB·English

by  April J. Wells

AU2800_half titlepage 4/26/05 9:33 AM Page 1
Grid
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AU2800_titlepage 4/26/05 9:32 AM Page 1
Grid
Database
Design
April J. Wells
Boca Raton London New York Singapore
Published in 2005 by
Auerbach Publications
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2005 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Auerbach is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8493-2800-4 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-2800-8 (Hardcover)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wells, April J.
Grid database design / April J. Wells.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-2800-4 (alk. paper)
1. Computational grids (Computer systems) 2. Database design. I. Title.
QA76.9C58W45 2005
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Preface
Computing has come a long way since our earliest beginnings. Many of
us have seen complete revisions of computing technology in our lifetimes.
I am not that old, and I have seen punch cards and Cray supercomputers,
numbered Basic on an Apple IIe, and highly structured C. Nearly all of
us can remember when the World Wide Web began its popularity and
when there were only a few pictures available in a nearly all textual
medium. Look at where we are now. Streaming video, MP3s, games, and
chat are a part of many thousands of lives, from the youngest children
just learning to mouse and type, to senior citizens staying in touch and
staying active and involved regardless of their locations. The Internet and
the World Wide Web have become a part of many households’ daily lives
in one way or another. They are often taken for granted, and highly
missed when they are unavailable. There are Internet cafés springing up
in towns all over the United States, and even major cruise lines have them
available for not only the passengers, but the crew as well.
We are now standing on the edge of yet another paradigm shift, Grid
computing. Grid computing, it is suggested, may even be bigger than the
Internet and World Wide Web, and for most of us, the adventure is just
beginning. For many of us, especially those of us who grew up with
mainframes and stand-alone systems getting bigger and bigger, the new
model is a big change. But it is also an exciting change — where will
we be in the next five years?
Goals of This Book
My main goal in writing this book is to provide you with information on
the Grid, its beginning, background, and components, and to give you
an idea of how databases will be designed to fit into this new computing
v
vi (cid:2) Grid Database Design
model. Many of the ideas and concepts are not new, but will have to be
addressed in the context of the new model, with many different consid-
erations to be included.
Many people in academia and research already know about the Grid
and the power that it can bring to computing, but many in business are
just beginning to hear the rumblings and need to be made aware of ways
in which the new concepts could potentially impact them and their ways
of computing in the foreseeable future.
Audience
The proposed audience is those who are looking at Grid computing as
an option, or those who want to learn more about the emerging technol-
ogy. When I started out, I wanted to let other database administrators in
on what might be coming in the future, and what they could expect that
future to look like. However, I believe that the audience is even bigger
and should encompass not only database administrators, but systems
administrators and programmers and executives — anyone hearing the
rumblings and wanting to know more.
The background in Section 1 is designed as just that, background. If
you have a grasp on how we got to where we are now, you may want
to read it for the entertainment value, the trip down memory lane, so to
speak, or you may just want to skip large portions of it as irrelevant to
where you are now.
Section 2 starts the meat of the book, introducing the Grid and its
components and important concepts and ideas, and Section 3 delves into
the part that databases will play in the new paradigm and how those
databases need to act to play nicely together.
Structure of the Book
This book is broken down into three sections and twelve chapters, as
follows:
Section 1
In Section 1 we lay the groundwork. We cover some background on
computing and how we got to where we are. We are, in many places
and situations, already taking baby steps toward integration of the new
paradigm into the existing framework.
Preface (cid:2) vii
Chapter 1
Chapter 1 will cover computing history, how we got here, the major
milestones for computing, and the groundwork for the Grid, where we
are launching the future today. It includes information on the beginnings
of networking and the Internet, as it is the model on which many people
are defining the interaction with the Grid.
Chapter 2
Chapter 2 will provide definitions of where much of the Grid is now, the
major players, and many of the components that make up the Grid system.
Chapter 3
Chapter 3 is sort of the proof of the pudding. It provides a partial list of
those commercial and academic ventures that have been the early adopters
of Grid and have started to realize its potential. We have a long way to
go before anyone can hope to realize anything as ubiquitous as commodity
computing, but we have come a long way from our beginnings, too.
Section 2
Section 2 goes into what is entailed in building a Grid. There are a variety
of ideas and components that are involved in the definition, concepts that
you need to have your arms around before stepping off of the precipices
and flying into the future.
Chapter 4
Chapter 4 looks at the security concerns and some of the means that can
be used to address these concerns. As the Grid continues to emerge, so
will the security concerns and the security measures developed to address
those concerns.
Chapter 5
Chapter 5 looks at the underlying hardware on which the Grid runs. With
the definition of the Grid being that it can run on nearly anything, from
PC to Supercomputer, the hardware is hard to define, but there are
emerging components being built today specifically with the goal of
enabling the new technology.
viii (cid:2) Grid Database Design
Chapter 6
Metadata is important in any large system; the Grid is definitely the rule,
rather than the exception. Chapter 6 will look at the role that metadata
plays and will need to play in the Grid as it continues to evolve.
Chapter 7
What are the business and technology drivers that are pushing the Grid
today and will continue to push it into the future? Chapter 7 looks at not
only the technological reasons for implementing a Grid environment (and
let us face it, the best reason for many technologists is simply because it
is really cool), but also the business drivers that will help to allow the
new technology to make its inroads into the organization.
Section 3
Section 3 delves into the details of databases in a Grid environment.
Databases have evolved on their own over the last several decades, and
continue to redefine themselves depending on the organization in which
they find themselves. The Grid will add environmental impact to the
evolution and will help to steer the direction that that evolution will take.
Chapter 8
Chapter 8 will provide us with an introduction to databases, particularly
relational database, which are where some of the greatest gains can be
made in the Grid environment. We will look at the terminology, the
mathematical background, and some of the differences in different rela-
tional models.
Chapter 9
Chapter 9 will look at parallelism in database design and how parallelized
databases can be applied in the Grid environment.
Chapter 10
Chapter 10 will take parallelism a step further and look at distributed
databases and the ramifications of distributing in a highly distributed Grid
environment.
Preface (cid:2) ix
Chapter 11
Finally, Chapter 11 will look at the interaction with the database from the
applications and end users. We will look at design issues and issues with
interacting with the different ideas of database design in the environment.
Chapter 12
Chapter 12 provides a summary of the previous chapters.
We are standing on the edge of a new era. Let the adventure begin.